1、大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）-试卷 192及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Part III Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Section C（分数：10.00）_How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of
2、 us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion. Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with
3、 confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The adver
4、tisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull. What causes fashion to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take h
5、ats for example. In cold climate, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats. More American men have followed his example. There is also a cyclical
6、pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again. Today, society is much freer and easie
7、r than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy“ look seems to be a reaction against the increasingl
8、y expensive fashions of the top fashion houses. At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater, and it would be discourteous to visit
9、 some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a nightclub. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and youll see that no one else does either.（分数：10.00）(1).Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fa
10、shion to _.（分数：2.00）A.confidence in lifeB.social relationshipC.success in careerD.personal future(2).Kennedys example is used to illustrate_.（分数：2.00）A.the change in fashionB.a cause of fashion changeC.the celebrities influence on economyD.the application of fashion to more than dress(3).Present-day
11、 society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes_.（分数：2.00）A.practicalityB.efficiencyC.informalityD.individuality(4).The popularity of jeans and “untidy“ look is possibly due to that they _.（分数：2.00）A.highlight ones personalityB.are suitable for various social situationsC.have the advantages
12、of being convenient and practicalD.are not as expensive as clothing produced by top fashion houses(5).What does the author most probably do with the latest fashion?（分数：2.00）A.The author may be brave enough to ignore the latest fashion.B.The author may follow the latest fashion most faithfully.C.The
13、author may take jeans and “untidy“ look as the latest fashion.D.The author may find the latest fashion increasingly expensive.People want action on noise, a recent public meeting in Brisbane showed. Some want technical improvements such as quieter air conditioners or better sound barriers around maj
14、or roads. Others want tougher laws to restrict noise from building sites or to require owners to take responsibility for barking dogs. But the highest priority was a noise complaints system that works. Brisbane City Council receives more complaints about noise than all other problems put together. S
15、o it conducted a survey and found that about half its residents are upset by noise in one form or anothertraffic, mowers, pool pumps, air conditioners or loud parties. This inspired the Council to bring together more than 100 citizens one evening to talk through a range of options. The meeting found
16、 the present regulatory system bizarre. Depending on the problem, responsibility for noise can lie with the Council, the Environment Protection Authority, one of three government departments or even the police. So complainants often feel they are getting the run-round. When the people at the forum w
17、ere asked to vote for changes, the strongest response was for a 24-hour, noise hotline to be the first port of call for all complaints. The forum also favored regulatory measures, such as tougher minimum standards for noise in appliances like air conditioners. This even makes economic sense, as nois
18、e is a waste of energyand money. Other measures the meeting supported were wider buffer(缓冲)zones around noisy activities and controls to keep heavy traffic away from residential areas. But there are obvious conflicts. Many people like to have a bar within walking distance if they feel like a drink,
19、but they dont want a noisy pub keeping them awake when they want an early night. Most people want to live near a major road providing good access to other parts of the city, but they dont want the problem of road noise. I was most interested by the proposals aimed at behavioral change. There was str
20、ong support for measures to reduce traffic: better public transport, cycleways and footpaths, even charges for road use. Many people optimistically thought industry awards for better equipment would stimulate the production of quieter appliances. It was even suggested that noise from building sites
21、could be alleviated if Brisbane adopted daylight saving, thus shifting the working day and providing longer, quieter evenings.（分数：10.00）(1).In the recent public meeting in Brisbane, people showed greatest dissatisfaction with _.（分数：2.00）A.the technical flaws of the air conditionersB.the poor noise b
22、arriers around major roadsC.the inefficient system for noise complaintsD.the late working time of the building sites(2).By saying that the complainants feel that “they are getting the run-round“, the author means _.（分数：2.00）A.the complainants are unfairly treated by the government departmentsB.the g
23、overnment departments seldom respond to the complaintsC.it is inexplicit which department is responsible for the complaintsD.complaints will be treated only after being approved by all three departments(3).Which of the following measures is mentioned as not only beneficial environmentally but also e
24、conomically?（分数：2.00）A.Enforcing stricter noise control on electrical apparatus.B.Prohibiting heavy traffic from entering residential areas.C.Launching a 24-hour noise hotline.D.Increasing the charges for road use.(4).What was the authors attitude towards the industry awards for quieter equipment?（分
25、数：2.00）A.Skeptical.B.Disappointed.C.Concerned.D.Optimistic.(5).The passage points out daylight saving could be adopted in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.prolong the daytimeB.advance the working timeC.shorten the working timeD.save time and energyWhy are so many people unhappy in their jobs? There are two pri
26、mary reasons. First, some people are convinced that earning a living is wasting time that they could spend enjoying themselves or uncovering their true talents. If this is the case with you, recall your last long vacation. Was it two weeks of complete enjoyment? More likely it was a week and a half
27、of fun in the sun, with another half a week of “Boy, I cant wait to get back to work.“ While all work and no play is not good, all play and no work is disastrous. We need to feel we are accomplishing something. We also need some form of order in our lives. The second and perhaps more prevalent reaso
28、n for people not to like their work is that they feel trapped. Once youve been at a company for five years and have a spouse, a mortgage and a child, you often feel you have very little choice about jumping ship if things arent turning out as youd planned. A steady paycheck can be the biggest manacl
29、e of all. People resent having to do something because they have no other choice. If you find yourself resenting your job because you cant afford to quit, it may be time to prepare what one career counselor humorously calls a “cyanide capsule“. He recalls spy movies in which the secret agent has suc
30、h a capsule hidden somewhere on his body. If hes captured and tortured unbearably, he has an option. And having an option gives him the strength to hold on a little longer in the hope that the situation may change. Rather than cyanide, your option takes the form of an up-to-date resume. You might al
31、so take a weekly glance through the help-wanted section, and make some visits to industry functions where low-key networking can take place. Youre not giving up your current job. Rather, you are providing yourself with an option. If things get unbearable at work, you could jump ship. Being in this p
32、osition can do wonders for your attitude. It allows you to enjoy your work since, in reality, you are there only because you want to be. At the core of adopting a positive attitude to your workplace is, above all, assuming responsibility for your own situation. Most people feel controlled by their e
33、nvironment, but they really arent. They have to learn to manage that environment so they can get from it what they need.（分数：10.00）(1).What do we most likely want during a long vacation, according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.To extend the vacation as long as possible.B.To gain a balance between work and
34、 play.C.To go back to work as soon as possible.D.To relax completely, free from worry.(2).It is indicated in the passage that most people dislike their jobs because _.（分数：2.00）A.going to work is wasting their timeB.they cant feel fulfilled in their jobsC.they are confined to the jobs tightlyD.pay se
35、ldom corresponds with work(3).When one considers changing job, the biggest difficulty is_.（分数：2.00）A.leaving a company and a good bossB.reducing the family burdenC.giving up a stable incomeD.drawing up a better plan for the future(4).The author suggests that, by having a “cyanide capsule“ at work, o
36、ne will _.（分数：2.00）A.find a satisfactory job soonB.be as brave as the hero in spy moviesC.be more tolerant with the present jobD.have the courage to give up the unbearable job(5).You will change your attitude towards your job when _.（分数：2.00）A.you are provided with the chance to chooseB.you are resp
37、onsible for your present jobC.you get ready your up-to-date resumeD.you get what you need from your jobGerman Chancellor(首相)Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy(遗产)includes many of todays social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th
38、century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion(怜悯)for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the soc
39、ialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the worlds first workers compensation law in 1884. By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers compensation insurance. Americas injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still fa
40、ced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers compensation law in this country passed in 1911, and the p
41、rogram soon spread throughout the nation. After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a famil
42、y of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states average weekly wage
43、s. In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for cla
44、ims. And with so much more money floating in the workers compensation system, its not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.（分数：10.00）(1).The worlds first workers compensation law was introduced by Bismarck_.（分数：2.00）A.to make industrial produ
45、ction saferB.to speed up the pace of industrializationC.out of religious and political considerationsD.for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement(2).We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe _.（分数：2.00）A.was accompanied by an increased number of wo
46、rkshop accidentsB.resulted in the development of popular social insurance programsC.required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplaceD.met growing resistance from laborers working at machines(3).One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in th
47、e early 19th century was that _.（分数：2.00）A.they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of lawB.different states in the U.S. had totally different compensation programsC.Americas average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of livingD.they had to produce evidence that thei
48、r employers were responsible for the accident(4).After 1972 workers compensation insurance in the U.S. became more favorable to workers so that_.（分数：2.00）A.the poverty level for a family of four went up drasticallyB.there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claimsC.the number of workers su
49、ing for damages increasedD.more money was allocated to their compensation system(5).The author ends the passage with the implication that_.（分数：2.00）A.compensation benefits in America are soaring to new heightsB.the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the compensation systemC.people from all walks of life can b
