1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 489 及答案解析(总分：339.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.50)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to jump to conclusions upon seeing or hearing something. You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at
2、 least 150 words but no more than 200 words. （分数：106.50）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：1，分数：71.00)UK Could Miss Carbon Emissions Targets in 2020sCommittee on climate change tells government current emissions cuts are too small to meet longer-term targets.A The UK is on track to
3、miss its carbon targets in the 2020s, the government“s advisers on climate change warned on Wednesday. Efforts to cut emissions are not happening quickly enough, and a looming “policy gap“ will lead to a shortfall in the investment and infrastructure needed for a low-carbon economy, they said. B Las
4、t year, UK greenhouse gas emissions rose by 3.5%, in a setback to the government“s plans for strict “carbon budgets“ that stipulate (规定) steep falls in emissions from now to 2027. The rise was owing to the cold winter and more power coming from coal, which is currently cheap. C The Committee on Clim
5、ate Change (CCC), in its annual progress report, said this was a temporary increase and the UK was likely to meet its carbon reduction goals for 2017. But it warned that without strong measures the UK would miss its carbon reduction targets from 2017 to 2027. When the effects of last year“s rise are
6、 stripped out, the underlying emissions trend is for a 1% to 1.5% decrease in emissions each yearless than half the 3% annual reductions needed to meet longer-term climate goals. D David Kennedy, chief executive of the Committee, a statutory (决定的) body that advises ministers on meeting climate targe
7、ts, told the Guardian: “There has been some positive progress, but there is clearly still a big challenge and we should not be complacent. If we stop now with policy, all we are doing is storing up risks for the future.“ E He warned that the government should not see its current energy billnow passi
8、ng through the Lordsas showing that energy policy “had been done for this parliament“. Instead, he said the reforms in the bill should be built on with stepped-up policies to encourage the take-up of new low-carbon technologies, and to give investors clear signals which would spur the investment in
9、the UK“s energy, transport and waste infrastructure that will be needed to cut emissions further. F Recent progress on cutting emissions, with new wind farms being constructed, millions of lofts and a rising number of cavity walls being insulated, and improvements in the efficiency of cars, is unlik
10、ely to be repeated at the same rates unless new measures are brought in. The new wind farms were planned under the generous “renewable obligation“ subsidy scheme, which is being replaced with a more complex system of long-term energy supply contracts, and the rise in home insulation occurred under a
11、n old regime of financial support from energy companies which is also being replaced, with the green deal system of loans to homeowners that are repaid through additions to energy bills. “There are serious risks that the level of progress will not be maintained,“ said Kennedy. “There are gaps in the
12、 policy framework incentives.“ G The CCC called for the government to review and strengthen the green deal, which has been slow to get off the ground since its launch in January. New figures to be released on Thursday are expected to show a smaller number of homes insulated under the scheme than min
13、isters had hoped. The CCC said more should be done to ensure the take-up of solid wall insulation, and in the deployment of low-carbon heat technology, such as heat pumps. H In industry, there has been little sign of improvements in energy efficiency, the report concluded. I Demonstration projects f
14、or carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology should also be brought forward, the CCC said, and warned that “the slow movement of offshore wind projects into construction suggests that investments are now being delayed“ until the government“s planned electricity market reforms are implemented. J Ba
15、nning food waste from landfill is another possible route to cutting emissions that should be considered, according to the committee, and farmers should be more closely monitored to check on whether emissions from agriculture are falling as fast as they need to. K Kennedy said that coal was unlikely
16、to play a major role in the energy mix by the end of this decade, as new European Union regulations on pollutants such as sulphur begin to bite. But this analysis has been questioned by Greenpeace, which has suggested that more of the UK“s coal-fired power stations could continue to operate, owing t
17、o low carbon prices in the EU“s emissions trading scheme. L Ed Davey, the energy and climate change secretary, said: “The UK takes its obligations under the Climate Change Act, to cut emissions by 80% by 2050, very seriously. That is why we are on course to overachieve against the first three carbon
18、 budgets, taking us to 2022. We are also working to encourage other countries to follow our lead; for example, pushing for the EU to adopt a 50% emissions reduction target by 2030, as part of a global deal in 2015. M “We recognise the challenges ahead in meeting the fourth carbon budget. As stated i
19、n our Carbon Plan, we will need additional policies to meet this legally binding goal. We have already published scenarios for how we might achieve the fourth carbon budget and remain committed to doing so.“ N Gareth Stace, head of climate and environment policy, welcomed the CCC“s call to invest mo
20、re in carbon capture and storage, not just for power stations but for industry, but he criticised the findings on energy efficiency. “This strong locus-on is absolutely right as many energy intensive sectors have only one or two investment cycles until 2050 and it is crucial to get industrial CCS de
21、ployable (可部署的) to coincide with them. However, it is surprising that the CCC reports limited evidence of energy efficiency in the industrial sector as our figures from 2012 show that managing energy was identified a key priority for over two thirds of manufacturers.“ O Green campaigners said the go
22、vernment must listen to the CCC“s warnings. Nick Molho, head of climate and energy policy at WWF-UK, said: “The message in this report is clearly “must try harder“. Dragging our heels over shifting to the low-carbon economy simply means that the costs of reducing emissions will ultimately become hig
23、her and the economic benefits smaller. It is a “lose, lose“ approach.“（分数：71.00）(1).The green deal needs to be reviewed and strengthened because it has been slow in reducing carbon emission.（分数：7.10）(2).The Climate Change Act commits the UK to reducing emissions by eighty percent by the middle of th
24、e 21st century.（分数：7.10）(3).The CCC suggested bringing forward demonstration projects for CCS technologies.（分数：7.10）(4).The head of climate and environment policy criticised the CCC reports for limited evidence of energy efficiency.（分数：7.10）(5).The UK greenhouse gas emission increased last year due
25、to more coal power in the cold winter.（分数：7.10）(6).The government should carry out reforms encouraging investors to invest in energy, transport and waste infrastructure.（分数：7.10）(7).The UK will be in a no-win situation if it is deliberately slow to shift to the low-carbon economy.（分数：7.10）(8).If no
26、strong measures were taken, the UK“s long-term carbon reduction goals would be unattainable.（分数：7.10）(9).The UK should consider imposing a ban on dumping food waste in landfill sites to cut emission.（分数：7.10）(10).People can get loans through the green deal system to install cavity wall insulation in
27、 their homes.（分数：7.10）四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)University of York biologist Peter Mayhew recently found that global warming might actually increase the number of species on the planet, contrary to a previous report that higher temperatures meant fewer life formsa report
28、 that was his own. In Mayhew“s initial 2008 study, low biodiversity among marine invertebrates (无脊椎动物) appeared to coincide with warmer temperatures on Earth over the last 520 million years. But Mayhew and his colleagues decided to reexamine their hypothesis, this time using data that were “a fairer
29、 sample of the history of life“. With this new collection of material, they found a complete reversal of the relationship between species richness and temperature from what their previous paper argued: The number of different groups present in the fossil record was higher, rather than lower, during
30、“greenhouse phases“. Their previous findings rested on an assumption that fossil records can be taken to represent biodiversity changes throughout history. This isn“t necessarily the case, because there are certain periods with higher-quality fossil samples, and some that are much more difficult to
31、sample well. Aware of this bias, Mayhew“s team used data that standardized the number of fossils examined throughout history and accounted for other variables like sea level changes that might influence biodiversity in their new study to see if their old results would hold up. Two years later, the r
32、esults did not. But then why doesn“t life increasingly emerge on Earth as our temperatures get warmer? While the switch may prompt some to assert that climate change is not hazardous to living creatures, Mayhew explained that the timescales in his team“s study are hugeover 500 million yearsand there
33、fore inappropriate for the shorter periods that we might look at as humans concerned about global warming. Many global warming concerns are focused on the next century, he saidand the lifetime of a species is typically one to 10 million years. “I do worry that these findings will be used by the clim
34、ate skeptic community to say “Look, climate warming is fine“,“ he said. Not to mention the numerous other things we seem to do to create a storm of threats to biodiversitythink of what habitat (栖息地) destruction, overfishing, and pollution can do for a species“ viability (生存能力). Those things, Mayhew
35、explained, give the organisms a far greater challenge in coping with climate change than they would have had in the absence of humans. “If we were to relax all these pressures on biodiversity and allow the world to recover over millions of years in a warmer climate, then my prediction is it would be
36、 an improvement in biodiversity,“ he said. So it looks like we need to curb our reckless treatment of the planet first, if we want to eventually see a surge in the number of species on the planet as temperatures get warmer. We don“t have 500 million years to wait.（分数：71.00）(1).What is the finding of
37、 Peter Mayhew“s recent study?（分数：14.20）A.Higher temperature causes the low biodiversity of marine invertebrates.B.The fossil record can represent a relatively believable history of life.C.The number of fossils was higher during greenhouse phases.D.Global warming might promote the richness of species
38、 on Earth.(2).What do we learn about Mayhew“s previous paper?（分数：14.20）A.It was based on his colleagues“ hypothesis about global warming.B.It was contrary to what his team found in the recent study.C.It reported completely different findings from other findings.D.It found evidence for the connection
39、s between biodiversity and temperature.(3).Why did Mayhew“s team use data that standardized the number of fossils?（分数：14.20）A.They realized that not all fossils could sample well to represent biodiversity changes.B.They started to consider the variables that might influence biodiversity.C.They wante
40、d to check the previous findings with different research methods.D.They believed sea level changes could lead to inaccurate fossil records.(4).Because of the huge timescales in his study, Mayhew believed _.（分数：14.20）A.global warming was not hazardous to living creatures in a short timeB.his study wa
41、s not suitable to support short-term global warmingC.global warming concerns should be focused on the next centuryD.the lifetime of a species could be extended to 10 million years(5).By “We don“t have 500 million years to wait.“ (Line 4, Para. 6), the author suggests that _.（分数：14.20）A.we have no en
42、ough time to allow the earth to recover from damagesB.we have no enough time to witness the evolution of a speciesC.it“s urgent for humans to take steps to prevent global warmingD.it“s necessary for humans to stop improper treatment of the planet六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Hurricanes that form in t
43、he Atlantic Ocean are expected to gain considerable strength as the global temperature continues to rise, a new study has found. Using modeling data focused on the conditions in which hurricanes form, a group of international researchers based at Beijing Normal University found that for every 1.8 (1
44、) rise of the Earth“s temperature, the number of hurricanes in the Atlantic that are as strong or stronger than Hurricane Katrina will increase twofold to sevenfold. Hurricane strength is directly related to the heat of the water where the storm forms. More water vapor in the air from evaporating oc
45、ean water adds fuel to hurricanes that build strength and head toward land. Hurricane Katrina is widely considered the measure for a destructive storm, holding the maximum Category 5 designation for a full 24 hours in late August 2005. It lost strength as it passed over the Florida peninsula, but ga
46、ined destructive power right before colliding with New Orleans, killing more than 200 people and causing $80 billion in damage. The study points to a gradual increase of Katrina-like events. The warming experienced over the 20th century doubled the number of such debilitating (使虚弱的) storms. But the
47、ongoing warming of the planet into the 21st century could increase the frequency of the worst kinds of storms by 700 percent, threatening coastlines along the Atlantic Ocean with multiple Category 5 storms every year. “Our results support the idea that changes in regional sea surface temperatures ar
48、e the primary cause of hurricane variability,“ said Aslak Girnstead, a researcher with the Centre for Ice and Climate at the University of Copenhagen. The large impact of small sea-surface temperature increases was more than Girnstead and his colleagues had anticipated. The entire study was publishe
49、d in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Global temperatures have steadily increased, making the past decade the warmest on record. Earlier this year, climate researchers reported that the Earth“s temperatures have risen faster in the last century than at any point since the last ice age, 11300 years ago. The primary cause, a consensus of scientists has said, is the rising emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. P
