1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 483 及答案解析(总分：91.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.“ You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no m
2、ore than 200 words. （分数：20.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Google“s Plan for World“s Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy or Act of Piracy?AIn recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 mi
3、llion titles from libraries in America and Europeincluding half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process. Why is Google undertaking such a venture? BWhy is it even interested in all those out-of
4、-print library books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? The company claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to “organise the world“s information“, so it would be odd if that information did not include books. The c
5、ompany likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. “This really isn“t about making money. We are doing this for the good of society.“ As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: “By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand
6、the frontiers of human knowledge.“ CDan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that this is primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. “Google“s core business is search and find, so obviously what helps improve Google“s search engine is good for Google,“ he s
7、ays. “But we have never built a spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have never had to justify the amount I am spending to the company“s founders.“ DIt is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google“s book-scann
8、ing project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google. EFirst, the
9、y have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world“s books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New York Review of Books , Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University“s library, argued that because such books are a common
10、resourcethe possession of us allonly public, not-for-profit bodies should be given the power to control them. FThe second related criticism is that Google“s scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes
11、 the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens“ Bleak House look straightforward. At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright l
12、aws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author“s life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author“s heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course, that almost all of the
13、 books published in the 20th century are still under copyrightand the last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print. GOu
14、tside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the “public domain“ (works such as the Bodleian“s first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone can read for free on Google Books Search). HBut, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-o
15、f-copyright works. In its defence, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyrightarguing that such displays are “fair use“. But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has
16、committed piracy. “The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission,“ says Piers Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. “Google has reversed thisit has simply copied all these works without bothering to
17、 ask.“ IIn 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched a class action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, ended with an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-court settlement. The
18、full details are complicatedthe text alone runs to 385 pagesand trying to summarise it is no easy task. “Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible,“ says Blofeld, one of the settlement“s most vocal British critics. JBroadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate a
19、uthors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates from their works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future. KThis settlement hands Google the powerbut only with the agreement of individual rights
20、holdersto exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement“s most controversial aspect. LCritics point out that, by giving Goog
21、le the right to commercially exploit its database, the settlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company“s role from provider of information to seller. “Google“s business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the traffic this generates,“
22、 points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement“s provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling. MInterest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on “orphan“ works, where there is no known copyright holdert
23、hese make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% of orphan works for free, include them in its
24、 subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence. NIt is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行)it is the subject of a fairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright
25、 violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by thisand the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world. ONo one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained by scanning the world“s library books, and the trut
26、h, as Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesn“t even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other, Google“s entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant impact on the book world in years to come
27、.（分数：71.00）(1).Google has involved itself in a legal battle as it ignored the copyright of the books it scanned.（分数：7.10）(2).The method Google“s book scanning project adopts is not available to the outside world.（分数：7.10）(3).The class action suit against Google was settled with the details being com
28、plicated and difficult to understand.（分数：7.10）(4).Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world“s books should be controlled by non-profit organizations.（分数：7.10）(5).Googie defends its scanning in copyright books by saying that it displays only a small part of their content.（分
29、数：7.10）(6).Critics remarked that the settlement of the conunercial provision could make Google a strong competitor in bookselling business.（分数：7.10）(7).Google claims its plan for the world“s biggest online library is to serve the interest of the general public.（分数：7.10）(8).Google“s entrance into dig
30、ital bookselling will tremendously influence the book world in the future.（分数：7.10）(9).The commercial provisions of the settlement remained controversial after the law suit ended.（分数：7.10）(10).The settlement of orphan works, if enacted, will in reality end the lawsuits concerning copyright violation
31、 in the US filed against Google.（分数：7.10）大学英语六级分类模拟题 483 答案解析(总分：91.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.“ You can cite examples to illustrate your point. You
32、should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：When in Rome, Do as the Romans Do“When in Rome, do as the Romans do.“ The old saying tells us vividly that wherever we are, we should do it according to local customs. When you“re faced with a different tradition, custo
33、m or habit in a country that you“re travelling through or moving to, the main decision you need to make, of course, is whether you want to follow this different custom, or stick to your own ways, or try to chart some sort of middle path. For those who have never tried eating with their fingers inste
34、ad of with forks or chopsticks, it may be worth a try when they travel one day to a place like India. It is always advisable to follow local customs wherever one visits, as the proverb “When in Rome, do as the Romans do“ says. However, if local customs are contradicted to or unaccepted by your own c
35、ulture, just watch others and smile. Remember that it“s half of the fun of seeing a new place, and roll on with your life. You don“t have to rigidly stick to the “when in Rome“ adage all the time.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Google“s Plan for World“s Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy or Act
36、 of Piracy?AIn recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europeincluding half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it u
37、ses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process. Why is Google undertaking such a venture? BWhy is it even interested in all those out-of-print library books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? The company claims its motives are essen
38、tially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to “organise the world“s information“, so it would be odd if that information did not include books. The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. “This really isn“t about making money. We are doing this for the good of so
39、ciety.“ As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: “By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge.“ CDan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that this is p
40、rimarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. “Google“s core business is search and find, so obviously what helps improve Google“s search engine is good for Google,“ he says. “But we have never built a spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have never had to justify the amoun
41、t I am spending to the company“s founders.“ DIt is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google“s book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Ama
42、zon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google. EFirst, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world“s books should be allowed to fall to a commercia
43、l company. In a recent essay in the New York Review of Books , Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University“s library, argued that because such books are a common resourcethe possession of us allonly public, not-for-profit bodies should be given the power to control them. FThe second related criti
44、cism is that Google“s scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens“ Bleak House look straightforward. At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that
45、 of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author“s life and for a substantial period
46、 afterwards, thus allowing the author“s heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This means, of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyrightand the last century saw more books published than in all previous centur
47、ies combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print. GOutside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the “public domain“ (works such as the Bodl
48、eian“s first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone can read for free on Google Books Search). HBut, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. In its defence, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyrightarguing that su
49、ch displays are “fair use“. But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy. “The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission,“ says Piers Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency i
