1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 481 及答案解析(总分：233.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Helicopter Moms vs. Free-Range KidsA. Would you let your fourth-grader ride public transportation without an adult? Probably not. Still, when Lenore Skenazy, a columnist for The New York Sun, wro
2、te about letting her son take the subway alone to get back to her Manhattan home from a department store on the Upper East Side, she didn“t expect to get hit with a wave of criticism from readers. B. “Long story short: My son got home, overjoyed with independence,“ Skenazy wrote on April 4 in The Ne
3、w York Sun. “Long story longer: Half the people I“ve told this episode to now want to turn me in for child abuse. As if keeping kids under lock and key and cell phone and careful watch is the right way to rear kids. It“s not. It“s debilitating (使虚弱)for us and for them.“ C. Online message boards were
4、 soon full of people both applauding and condemning Skenazy“s decision to let her son go it alone. She wound up defending herself on CNN (accompanied by her son) and on popular blogs like The Huffington Post, where her follow-up piece was ironically headlined “More From America“s Worst Mom.“ D. The
5、episode has ignited another one of those debates that divides parents into vocal opposing camps. Are Modem parents needlessly overprotective, or is the world a more complicated and dangerous place than it was when previous generations were allowed to wander about unsupervised? E. From the “she“s an
6、irresponsible mother“ camp came: “Shame on you for being so careless about his safety,“ in Comments on The Huffington Post. And there was this from a mother of four: “How would you have felt if he didn“t come home?“ But Skenazy got a lot of support, too, with women and men writing in with stories ab
7、out how they were allowed to take trips all by themselves at seven or eight. She also got heaps of praise for bucking the “helicopter parent“ trend: “Good for this Mom,“ one commenter wrote on The Huffington Post. “This is a much-needed reality check.“ F. Last week, encouraged by all the attention,
8、Skenazy started her own blogFree Range Kidspromoting the idea that modern children need some of the same independence that her generation had. In the good old days nine-year-old baby boomers rode their bikes to school, walked to the store, took busesand even subwaysall by themselves. Her blog, she s
9、ays, is dedicated to sensible parenting. “At Free Range Kids, we believe in safe kids. We believe in car seats and safety belts. We do NOT believe that every time school-age children go outside, they need a security guard.“ G. So why are some parents so nervous about letting their children out of th
10、eir sight? Are cities and towns less safe and kids more vulnerable to crimes like child kidnap and sexual abuse than they were in previous generations? H. Not exactly. New York City, for instance, is safer than it“s ever been; it“s ranked 136th in crime among all American cities. Nationwide, strange
11、r kidnaps are extremely rare; there“s a one-in-a-million chance a child will be taken by a stranger, according to the Justice Department. And 90 percent of sexual abuse cases are committed by someone the child knows. Mortality rates from all causes, including disease and accidents, for American chil
12、dren are lower now than they were 25 years ago. According to Child Trends, a nonprofit research group, between 1980 and 2003 death rates dropped by 44 percent for children aged 5 to 14 and 32 percent for teens aged 15 to 19. I. Then there“s the whole question of whether modern parents are more watch
13、ful and nervous about safety than previous generations. Yes, some are. Part of the problem is that with wall-to-wall Internet and cable news, every missing child case gets so much airtime that it“s not surprising even normal parental anxiety can be amplified. And many middle-class parent“s have gott
14、en used to managing their children“s time and shuttling them to various enriching activities, so the idea of letting them out on their own can seem like a risk. Back in 1972, when many of today“s parents were kids, 87 percent of children who lived within a mile of school walked or biked every day. B
15、ut today, the Centers for Disease Control report that only 13 percent of children bike, walk or otherwise get themselves to school. J. The extra supervision is both a city and a suburb phenomenon. Parents are worried about crime, and they“re worried about kids getting caught in traffic in a city tha
16、t“s not used to pedestrians. On the other band, there are still plenty of kids whose parents give them a lot of independence, by choice or by necessity. K. The After School Alliance finds that more than 14 million kids aged 5 to 17 are responsible for taking care of themselves after school. Only 6.5
17、 million kids participate in organized programs. “Many children who have working parents have to take the subway or bus to get to school. Many do this by themselves because they have no other way to get to the schools,“ says Dr Richard Gallagher, director of the Parenting Institute at the New York U
18、niversity Child Study Center. L. For those parents who wonder how and when they should start allowing their kids more freedom, there“s no clear-cut answer. Child experts discourage a one-size-fits-all approach to parenting. What“s right for Skenazy“s nine-year-old could be inappropriate for another
19、one. It all depends on developmental issues, maturity, and the psychological and emotional makeup of that child. Several factors must be taken into account, says Gallagher. “The ability to follow parent guidelines, the child“s level of comfort in handling such situations, and a child“s general judgm
20、ent should be weighed.“ M. Gallagher agrees with Skenazy that many nine-year-olds are ready for independence like taking public transportation alone. “At certain times of the day, on certain routes, the subways are generally safe for these children, especially if they have grown up in the city and h
21、ave been taught how to be safe, how to obtain help if they are concerned for their safety, and how to avoid unsafe situations by being watchful and on their toes.“ N. But even with more traffic and fewer sidewalks, modem parents do have one advantage their parents didn“t: The cell phone. Being able
22、to check in with a child anytime goes a long way toward relieving parental anxiety and may help parents loosen their control a little sooner. Skenazy got a lot of criticism because she didn“t give her kid her cell phone because she thought he“d lose it and wanted him to learn to go it alone without
23、depending on moma major principle of free-range parenting. But most parents are more than happy to use cell phones to keep track of their kids. O. And for those who like the idea of free-range kids but still struggle with their inner helicopter parent, there may be a middle way. A new generation of
24、GPS cell phones with tracking software make it easier than ever to follow a child“s every movement via the Internetwithout seeming to interfere or hover. Of course, when they go to college, they might start objecting to being monitored as they“re on parole (假释).（分数：71.00）(1).According to child exper
25、ts, how and when kids may be allowed more freedom depends on their maturity and personal qualities.（分数：7.10）(2).When Lenore Skenazy“s son was allowed to take the subway alone, he enjoyed having the independence.（分数：7.10）(3).Gallagher shares the same opinion with Skenazy that nine-year-olds are able
26、to take public transportation alone.（分数：7.10）(4).One of the reasons why parents today are more nervous about their kids“ safety than previous generations is that their fear is amplified by media exposure of crime.（分数：7.10）(5).With the help of a new generation of GPS cell phones, parents can track th
27、eir children easily.（分数：7.10）(6).Cell phone helps lessen parents“ anxiety by making it possible to find out where a child is anytime.（分数：7.10）(7).Skenazy started her own blog to promote sensible parenting.（分数：7.10）(8).Skenazy“s decision to let her son take the subway alone has met with mixed respons
28、es.（分数：7.10）(9).New York City is safer than before and the crime rate is relatively low among all American cities.（分数：7.10）(10).Dr Richard Gallagher says that some children go to school by bus or by subway alone because they have no choice.（分数：7.10）三、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71
29、.00)Parents who consider their kids to be “more special than other children“ and feel that they “deserve something extra in life“ may now be characterized not only as annoying, but also as responsible for bringing one more self-important narcissist into society. New research out of the Netherlands p
30、ublished Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that children who were overvalued by their parents scored higher on tests to identify narcissism (自恋) than their peers. “Children believe it when their parents tell them that they are more special than others. That may not
31、be good for them or for society,“ Brad Bushman, co-author of the study and an Ohio State University professor, said in a statement. Eddie Brummelman, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands and another author on the study, noted that parents often think telling ch
32、ildren how special they are compared with their peers will boost their self-confidence. But narcissism is not just a more extreme form of self-confidence; people with high-esteem do not think they“re better than others. According to his research, the more narcissistic children did not necessarily ex
33、press more self-confidence. “Rather than raising self-esteem, overvaluing practices may inadvertently raise levels of narcissism,“ Brummelman said. Over two years, the team evaluated 565 children in the Netherlands who were between the ages of 7 and 11 years old when the study began. They asked pare
34、nts how much they agreed with statements like, “My child is a great example for other children to follow,“ and whether or not they believed their children would have knowledge of various historical and cultural figures and topics, like “Neil Armstrong.“ Eventually, the researchers began including en
35、tirely fictional figures and topics, “Queen Alberta.“ The parents raising little narcissists would often fall for it. “Overvaluing parents tended to claim that their children had knowledge of many different topicseven these nonexistent ones,“ Brummelman said. While parental “overvaluing“ was associa
36、ted with narcissistic offspring, parental warmth was not. Children of parents who expressed warmth by telling their children they loved them, but who did not engage in “overvaluing“ behavior, were more likely to agree with statements that suggested they were “happy with themselves as a person and li
37、ked the kind of person they were.“ In short, parental warmth appears to be closely linked to self-confident kids, not narcissistic kids. The researchers conclude that expressing warmth is key to promoting healthy self-confidence in children. Bushman, who is a father of three children, said his resea
38、rch has made him rethink his own parenting style. “When I first started doing this research in the 1990s, I used to think my children should be treated like they were extra-special. I“m careful not to do that now,“ he said.（分数：71.00）(1).The new research out of Netherlands reveals _.（分数：14.20）A.why p
39、arents could be narcissistic about their childrenB.who should be responsible for new narcissists in societyC.how parental love would possibly influence their childrenD.what outcome parental overvaluing may bring about(2).Which of the following statements is true about narcissism?（分数：14.20）A.It could
40、 be closely related to high-esteem.B.It is a special form to show confidence.C.It may be cultivated by parental overvaluing.D.It is an extreme way of feeling better.(3).What can we infer about “Queen Alberta“?（分数：14.20）A.It is a famous character in a fiction.B.It is ardently discussed among narcissi
41、sts.C.It is used to test parental overvaluing.D.It is connected to various topics.(4).Children whose parents appropriately express warmth may _.（分数：14.20）A.objectively value othersB.have a healthy sense of well-beingC.not turn into young narcissistsD.like the way their parents treat them(5).In the p
42、assage, the author _.（分数：14.20）A.clears up an education conceptB.reports a stunning discoveryC.emphasizes parents“ responsibilityD.probes into a psychological issue五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Although there are body languages that can cross cultural boundaries, culture is still a significant factor
43、 in all body languages. This is particularly true of personal space needs. For example, Dr. Edward Hall has shown that in Japan crowding together is a sign of warm and pleasant intimacy. In certain situations, Hall believes that the Japanese prefer crowding. Donald Keene, who wrote Living Japan, not
44、es the fact that in the Japanese language there is no word for privacy. Still, this does not mean that there is no concept of the need to be apart from others. To the Japanese, privacy exists in terms of his house. He considers this area to be his own, and he dislikes invasion of it. The fact that h
45、e crowds together with others does not contradict his need for living space. Dr. Hall sees this as a reflection of the Japanese concept of space. Westerners, he believed, see space as the distance between objects; to them space is empty. The Japanese, on the other hand, see space as having as much m
46、eaning as their flower arrangements and art, and the shape of their gardens as well, where units of space balance the areas containing flowers or plants. Like the Japanese, the Arabs too prefer to be close to one another. But while in public they are crowded together, in privacy, they prefer a great
47、 deal of space. The traditional or wealthy Arab house is large and empty, with family often crowded together in one small area of it. The Arabs do not like to be alone, and even in their spacious houses they will huddle together. The difference between the Arab huddling and the Japanese crowding is
48、a deep thing. The Arabs like to touch his companion. The Japanese, in their closeness, preserve a formality and a cool dignity. They manage to touch and still keep rigid boundaries. The Arabs push these boundaries aside. Along with this closeness, there is a pushing and shoving in the Arab world tha
49、t many Westerners find uncomfortable, even unpleasant. To an American, for example, there are personal boundaries even in a public place. When he is waiting in line, he believes that his place there is his alone, and may not be invaded by another. The Arab has no concept of privacy in the public place, and if he can rush his way into a line, he feels perfectly within his rights to do so. To an American, the body is sacred; he dislikes being touched by a stranger, and will apologize if he touches another accidentally. To an Arab, bodily contact is accepted. Hall points
