1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 479 及答案解析(总分：182.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Trying too Hard Can Slow New Language DevelopmentA. Neuroscientists have long observed that learning a language presents a different set of opportunities and challenges for adults and children. B
2、. Adults easily grasp the vocabulary needed to navigate a grocery store or order food in a restaurant, but children have an innate ability to pick up on subtle nuances of language that often elude adults. For example, within months of living in a foreign country, a young child may speak a second lan
3、guage like a native speaker. C. Experts believe that brain structure plays an important role in this “sensitive period“ for learning language, which is believed to end around adolescence. The young brain is equipped with neural circuits that can analyze sounds and build a coherent set of rules for c
4、onstructing words and sentences out of those sounds. Once these language structures are established, it“s difficult to build another one for a new language. D. In a new study, a team of neuroscientists and psychologists from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) discovered another factor that
5、contributes to adults“ language difficulties: When learning certain elements of language, adults“ more highly developed cognitive skills actually get in the way. E. The researchers discovered that the harder adults tried to learn an artificial language, the worse they were at deciphering the languag
6、e“s morphologythe structure and deployment of linguistic units such as root words, suffixes, and prefixes. F. “We found that effort helps you in most situations, for things like figuring out what the units of language that you need to know are, and basic ordering of elements. But when trying to lear
7、n morphology, at least in this artificial language we created, it“s actually worse when you try,“ said Amy Flynn a postdoc at MIT“s McGovern Institute for Brain Research. G. Finn and colleagues from the University of California at Santa Barbara, Stanford University, and the University of British Col
8、umbia describe their findings in journal PLOS ONE. H. Linguists have known for decades that children are skilled at absorbing certain tricky elements of language, such as irregular past participles (examples of which, in English, include “gone“ and “been“) or complicated verb tenses like the subjunc
9、tive. “Children will ultimately perform better than adults in terms of their command of the grammar and the structural components of languagesome of the more idiosyncratic, difficult-to-articulate aspects of language that even most native speakers don“t have conscious awareness of,“ Finn says. I. In
10、 1990, linguist Elissa Newport hypothesized that adults have trouble learning those nuances because they try to analyze too much information at once. Adults have a much more highly developed prefrontal cortex than children, and they tend to throw all of that brainpower at learning a second language.
11、 J. This high-powered processing may actually interfere with certain elements of learning language. “It“s an idea that“s been around for a long time, but there hasn“t been any data that experimentally show that it“s true,“ Finn says. Finn and her colleagues designed an experiment to test whether exe
12、rting more effort would help or hinder success. The studyK. First, they created nine nonsense words, each with two syllables. Each word fell into one of three categories (A, B, and C), defined by the order of consonant and vowel sounds. Study subjects listened to the artificial language for about 10
13、 minutes. One group of subjects was told not to overanalyze what they heard, but not to tune it out either. L. To help them not overthink the language, they were given the option of completing a puzzle or colouring while they listened. The other group was told to try to identify the words they were
14、hearing. Each group heard the same recording, which was a series of three-word sequencesfirst a word from category A, then one from category B, then category Cwith no pauses between words. M. Previous studies have shown that adults, babies, and even monkeys can parse this kind of information into wo
15、rd units, a task known as word segmentation. Subjects from both groups were successful at word segmentation, although the group that tried harder performed a little better. Both groups also performed well in a task called word ordering, which required subjects to choose between a correct word sequen
16、ce (ABC) and an incorrect sequence (such as ACB) of words they had previously heard. N. The final test measured skill in identifying the language“s morphology. The researchers played a three-word sequence that included a word the subjects had not heard before, but which fit into one of the three cat
17、egories. O. When asked to judge whether this new word was in the correct location, the subjects who had been asked to pay closer attention to the original word stream performed much worse than those who had listened more passively. The findings support a theory of language acquisition that suggests
18、that some parts of language are learned through procedural memory, while others are learned through declarative memory. P. Under this theory, declarative memory, which stores knowledge and facts, would be more useful for learning vocabulary and certain rules of grammar. Procedural memory, which guid
19、es tasks we perform without conscious awareness of how we learned them, would be more useful for learning subtle rules related to language morphology. Q. “It“s likely to be the procedural memory system that“s really important for learning these difficult morphological aspects of language. In fact, w
20、hen you use the declarative memory system, it doesn“t help you, it harms you,“ Finn says. Still unresolved is the question of whether adults can overcome this language-learning obstacle. Finn says she does not have a good answer yet but she is now testing the effects of “turning off“ the adult prefr
21、ontal cortex using a technique called transcranial magnetic stimulation. R. Other interventions she plans to study include distracting the prefrontal cortex by forcing it to perform other tasks while language is heard, and treating subjects with drugs that impair activity in that brain region.（分数：20
22、.00）(1).It has been well established that children are good at acquiring some difficult grammar of language, e.g. irregular past participles.（分数：2.00）(2).The study showed that declarative memory system hinders the learning process of difficult morphological aspects of language.（分数：2.00）(3).The words
23、 in the first test were artificial and nonsense.（分数：2.00）(4).The chances to set up a new language structure are slim once the old one is well formed.（分数：2.00）(5).Both groups successfully completed word segmentation as well as word ordering.（分数：2.00）(6).Their efforts paid off when adults tried very h
24、ard to understand units of language and basic sequence of elements.（分数：2.00）(7).One theory of language acquisition suggests that language are learned through both procedural and declarative memory.（分数：2.00）(8).The opportunities and challenges adults and children face in learning a language are diffe
25、rent.（分数：2.00）(9).The test which aimed to evaluate skill in identifying the language“s morphology included a word the subjects had not heard before.（分数：2.00）(10).Finn and her colleagues tried to test the hypothesis that exerting more effort would interfere with language learning.（分数：2.00）三、Section B
26、(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The idea of public works projects as a device to prevent or control depression was designed as means of creating job opportunities for unemployed workers and as a “pump priming“ device to aid business to revive. It was conceived during the early year as of
27、 the New Deal Era (1933-1937). By 1933, the number of unemployed workers had reached about 13 million. This meant that about 50 million people-about one third of the nation-were without means of support. At first, direct relief in the form of cash or food was provided for these people. This made the
28、m recipients (接受者) of government charity. In order to remove this stigma (耻辱) and restore to the unemployed some measure of respectability and human dignity, a plan was devised to create governmentally sponsored work projects that private industry would not or could not provide. This would also stim
29、ulate production and revive business activity. The best way to explain how this procedure is expected to work is to explain how it actually worked when it was first tried. The first experiment with it was the creation of the Works Project Administration (WPA. This agency set up work projects in vari
30、ous fields in which there were many unemployed. For example, unemployed actors were organized into theater projects; orchestras were organized for unemployed musicians, teaching projects for unemployed teachers, and even writers“ projects for unemployed writers. Unemployed laborers were put to build
31、ing work or maintaining roads, parks, playgrounds, or public buildings. These were all temporary “work relief“ projects rather than permanent work opportunities. More substantial work projects of a permanent nature were organized by another agency, the Public Works Administration (PWA. This agency u
32、ndertook the planning of construction of schools, houses, post offices, dams, and other public structures. It entered into contracts with private construction firms to erect them, or it loaned money to local or state governments which undertook their construction. This created many jobs in the facto
33、ries producing the material as well as in the projects themselves, and greatly reduced the number of the unemployed. Still another agency which provided work projects for the unemployed was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC. This agency provided job opportunities for youths aged 16 to 20 to work
34、in national parks or forests clearing land, guarding against fires, building roads, or doing other conservation work. In the event of a future depression, the federal government might revive any or all of the above methods to relieve unemployment and stimulate business.（分数：71.00）(1).It was at the be
35、ginning of the New Deal Era that public works projects _.（分数：14.20）A.were ignored by most American socialistsB.proved its advantages over other plansC.were given a serious considerationD.were put into use immediately(2).According to the passage, during the New Deal Era, the public works projects mig
36、ht _.（分数：14.20）A.make a great leap in guiding the economic developmentB.help those unemployed to resume respect and dignityC.urge private businesses to employ more workersD.prevent government from lending money to the unemployed(3).The Works Project Administration could _.（分数：14.20）A.relieve the bur
37、den of both the unemployed and the governmentB.satisfy the need of people from various fields of the societyC.meet the need of most people who were once white-collarsD.not offer people jobs which would support them for a whole life(4).Compared with WPA, the Public Works Administration _.（分数：14.20）A.
38、got private businesses involved in the restoring of economyB.encouraged the local governments to make concrete plansC.offered jobs in all the aspects concerning constructionD.stimulated the economy by lending money to local governments(5).The Civilian Conservation Corps mainly offered jobs _.（分数：14.
39、20）A.to give more opportunities to various age groupsB.to foster the spirit of American youthsC.that are laborious to youngstersD.under the name of relieving family burdens五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Internet, e-commerce and globalization are making a new economic era possible. By the middle of
40、 the 21 century, capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights. Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and
41、business-to-business Intranet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOs and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, “No, quite the contrary.“ The very people responsible for ushering in what some
42、have called a “technological renaissance“ say they are working longer hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friendsnot to mention strangers. And what“s more revealing, they place much of the blame on the very same technologies th
43、ey are so aggressively championing. The techno experts promised us that access would make life more convenient and give us more time. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape
44、. If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vast geographic frontier, the dotcom generation, it seems is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection. Our e-mail, voice mail and cell phon
45、es, our 24-hour electronic trading markets, online banking services, all-night e-commerce are all for our attention. And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginning to feel like we have less time available to us than any other humans in his
46、tory. That is because that labor-and time-saving services only increase the diversity, pace and flow of commodified activity around us but make time itself the most scarce of all resources. For example, e-mail is a great convenience. However, we now find ourselves spending much of our day franticall
47、y responding to each other“s electronic messages. Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral principle and religious values. Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyperspeed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defe
48、r, consider and reflect? Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really count and what types of access really matter in the e-commerce era. If this new technology revolution is only about hyperefficiency, then we risk losing something even more precious than timeour sense of what it means to
49、be a caring human being.（分数：71.00）(1).We learn from this text that many corporate executives feel that _.（分数：14.20）A.technological advances are essential to today“s economic systemB.technology has actually led to a decline in their quality of lifeC.longer hours are making their workers more impatient and uncivilD.technology can be blamed for many of today“s social problems(2).The phrase “the colonization of time“ (Para. 4) refers to _.（分数：14.20）A.the filling of every moment of time with commercial transactionsB.the quest for efficiency in the workp
