1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 477及答案解析(总分：105.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of recommendation. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words following the outline given below. 假设你要为学生李明写一封推荐信，其专业为热能工程，推荐信应包含以下内容：
2、 1简要介绍自己 2极力推荐李明成为某电厂的热能工程师 3表示希望李明能够得到该职位 （分数：20.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Inequality Is Not InevitableA. A dangerous trend has developed over this past thirty of a century. A country that experienced shared growth after World War began to tear apart, so much
3、 so that when the Great Recession hit in late 2007, one could no longer ignore the division that had come to define the American economic landscape. How did this “shining city on a hill“ become the advanced country with the greatest level of inequality? BOver the past year and a haft, The Great Divi
4、de, a series in The New York Times, has Dresented a wide range of examples that undermine the notion that there are any truly fundamental laws of capitalism. The dynamics of the imperial capitalism of the 19th century needn“t apply in the democracies of the 21st. We don“t need to have this much ineq
5、uality in America. C. Our current brand of capitalism is a fake capitalism. For proof of this go back to our response to the Great Recession, where we socialized losses, even as we privatized gains. Perfect competition should drive profits to zero, at least theoretically, but we have monopolies maki
6、ng persistently high profits. CEOs enjoy incomes that are on average 295 times that of the typical worker, a much higher ratio than in the past, without any evidence of a proportionate increase in productivity. D. If it is not the cruel laws of economics that have led to America“s great divide, what
7、 is it? The straightforward answer: our policies and our politics. People get tired of hearing about Scandinavian success stories, but the fact of the matter is that Sweden, Finland and Norway have all succeeded in having about as much or faster growth in per capita (人均的) incomes than the United Sta
8、tes and with far greater equality. E. So why has America chosen these inequality-enhancing policies? Part of the answer is that as World War faded into memory, so too did the solidarity it had created. As America triumphed in the Cold War, there didn“t seem to be a real competitor to our economic mo
9、del. Without this international competition, we no longer had to show that our system could deliver for most of our citizens. F. Ideology and interests combined viciously. Some drew the wrong lesson from the collapse of the Soviet system in 1991. The pendulum swung from much too much government ther
10、e to much too little here. Corporate interests argued for getting rid of regulations, even when those regulations had done so much to protect and improve our environment, our safety, our health and the economy it-self. G. But this ideology was hypocritical(虚伪的). The bankers, among the strongest advo
11、cates of laissez-faire(自由放任的)economics, were only too willing to accept hundreds of billions of dollars from the government in the aid programs that have been a recurring feature of the global economy since the beginning of the Thatcher-Reagan era of “free“ markets and deregulation. H. The American
12、political system is overrun by money. Economic inequality translates into political inequality, and political inequality yields increasing economic inequality. So corporate welfare increases as we reduce welfare for the poor. Congress maintains subsidies for rich farmers as we cut back on nutritiona
13、l support for the needy. Drug companies have been given hundreds of billions of dollars as we limit Medicaid benefits. The banks that brought on the global financial crisis got billions while a tiny bit went to the homeowners and victims of the same hanks“ predatory(掠夺性的) lending practices. This las
14、t decision was particularly foolish. There were alternatives to throwing money at the banks and hoping it would circulate through increased lending. I. Our divisions are deep. Economic and geographic segregation have immunized those at the top from the problems of those down below. Like the kings of
15、 ancient times, they have come to perceive their privileged positions essentially as a natural right. J. Our economy, our democracy and our society have paid for these gross inequities. The true test of an economy is not how much wealth its princes can accumulate in tax havens(庇护所), but how well off
16、 the typical citizen is. But average incomes are lower than they were a quarter-century ago. Growth has gone to the very, very top, whose share has almost increased four times since 1980. Money that was meant to have trickled(流淌) down has instead evaporated in the agreeable climate of the Cayman Isl
17、ands. K. With almost a quarter of American children younger than 5 living in poverty, and with America doing so little for its poor, the deprivations of one generation are being visited upon the next. Of course, no country has ever come close to providing complete equality of opportunity. But why is
18、 America one of the advanced countries where the life prospects of the young are most sharply determined by the income and education of their parents? L. Among the most bitter stories in The Great Divide were those that portrayed the frustrations of the young, who long to enter our shrinking class.
19、Soaring tuitions and declining incomes have resulted in larger debt burdens. Those with only a high school diploma have seen their incomes decline by 13 percent over the past 35 years. M. Where justice is concerned, there is also a huge divide. In the eyes of the rest of the world and a significant
20、part of its own population, mass imprisonment has come to define Americaa country, it bears repeating, with about 5 percent of the world“s population but around a fourth of the world“s prisoners. N. Justice has become a commodity, affordable to only a few. While Wall Street executives used their exp
21、ensive lawyers to ensure that their ranks were not held accountable for the misdeeds that the crisis in 2008 so graphically revealed, the banks abused our legal system to foreclose(取消赎回权) on mortgages and eject tenants, some of whom did not even owe money. O. More than a half-century ago, America le
22、d the way in advocating for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the United Nations in 1948. Today, access to health care is among the most universally accepted rights, at least in the advanced countries. America, despite the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, is the excepti
23、on. In the relief that many felt when the Supreme Court did not overturn the Affordable Care Act, the implications of the decision for Medicaid were not fully appreciated. Obamacare“s objectiveto ensure that all Americans have access to health carehas been blocked: 24 states have not implemented the
24、 expanded Medicaid pro-gram, which was the means by which Obamacare was supposed to deliver on its promise to some of the poorest. P. We need not just a new war on poverty but a war to protect the middle class. Solutions to these problems do not have to be novel. Far from it. Making markets act like
25、 markets would be a good place to start. We must end the rent-seeking society we have gravitated toward, in which the wealthy obtain profits by manipulating the system. Q. The problem of inequality is not so much a matter of technical economics. It“s really a problem of practical politics. Inequalit
26、y is not just about the top marginal tax rate but also about our children“s access to food and the right to justice for all. If we spent more on education, health and infrastructure(基础设施), we would strengthen our economy, now and in the future.（分数：25.00）(1).In theory, free competition is supposed to
27、 reduce the margin of profits to the minimum.（分数：2.50）(2).The United States is now characterized by a great division between the rich and the poor.（分数：2.50）(3).America lacked the incentive to care for the majority of its citizens as it found no rival for its economic model.（分数：2.50）(4).The wealthy t
28、op have come to take privileges for granted.（分数：2.50）(5).Many examples show the basic laws of imperial capitalism no longer apply in present-day America.（分数：2.50）(6).The author suggests a return to the true spirit of the market.（分数：2.50）(7).A quarter of the world“s prisoner population is in America.
29、（分数：2.50）(8).Government regulation in America went from one extreme to the other in the past two decades.（分数：2.50）(9).Justice has become SO expensive that only a small number of people like corporate executives can afford it.（分数：2.50）(10).No country in the world so far has been able to provide compl
30、etely equal opportunities for all.（分数：2.50）四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Everyone knows Hong Kong as the lively island city is home to over seven million people perpetually on the move. But it may be a surprise to learn that many of the residents in this bustling city don“t
31、spend much time searching in their pockets for change, especially on public transport. Instead, they whip out their Octopus, a contactless smart card with a chip that communicates with a fare processor in less than a second. It has been in use in Hong Kong since 1997. But what“s new about Octopus is
32、 that recent advances in technology mean that it“s being used with phones too. “Now with the advance of smart card technology, we“ve been able to insert the Octopus mobile SIM inside a smart phone,“ explained Octopus CEO Kevin Goldmintz, in an interview with CNN“s Kristie Lu Stout. Since the Octopus
33、 card was released nearly two decades ago, its use has branched off into much more than just transport. Forgot your wallet, purse or cash? Not to worry. The Octopus can buy your coffee, a movie ticket, clothes, groceries and even allow you to shop online. Another new venture is that Octopus has rece
34、ntly partnered with Taobao. Though purchases have to remain relatively small with a current ceiling of $130 on each card, Octopus says it allows the customer to easily interact for a purchase. Octopus has broadened its reach into mainland China with a dual card in Guangdong province and another in S
35、henzhen. “We“re able to put a Hong Kong dollar purse inside the card, as an e-wallet“ said Goldmintz. Octopus says its vision for the next ten years includes tackling the physical / digital convergence and growing its e-commerce strategy. “And I think the other side of it will also be exporting the
36、knowledge that we“ve accumulated over 17 years of doing contactless smart card, and placing that knowledge in other cities around the world,“ Goldmintz told Stout. As for the future, Octopus is optimistic that a cashless society will spread to other areas, particularly in its own patch of the Asia-P
37、acific area. “You know I buy my lunch with my Octopus. I pay for drinks on Octopus. I buy coffee with my Octopus,“ said Goldmintz. “So I think there will be day when both Hong Kong and other cities around Asia-Pacific particularly will be looking towards a cashless society,“ he said. “I think we“re
38、going to make huge in-roads in the next five to ten years in this.“（分数：20.00）(1).When did the Octopus first appeared in Hong Kong?（分数：4.00）A.In 1996.B.In 1997.C.In twenty-first century.D.In last decade.(2).With an Octopus you can do the following things except _.（分数：4.00）A.buying foodB.buying a $150
39、 furniture on TaobaoC.taking a busD.buying a movie ticket(3).Where people cannot use Octopus or dual card?（分数：4.00）A.Hong Kong.B.Guangdon.C.Zhuhai.D.Shenzhen.(4).According to Goldmintz what will happen for the next ten years?（分数：4.00）A.Octopus will be used in every corner of China.B.Octopus will exp
40、ort the knowledge about contactless smart card.C.Everyone in Hong Kong will have an Octopus.D.Octopus will be able to replace E-bank.(5).What“s Goldmintz“s attitude towards Octopus“ future?（分数：4.00）A.Doubtful.B.Optimistic.C.Not clear.D.Pessimistic.六、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The recent, apparently
41、successful prediction by mathematical models of an appearance of EI Ninothe warm ocean current that periodically develops along the Pacific coast of South Americahas excited researchers. Jacob Bjerknes pointed out over 20 years ago how winds might create either abnormally warm or abnormally cold wat
42、er in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Nonetheless, until the development of the models no one could explain why conditions should regularly shift from one to the other, as happens in the periodic oscillations between appearances of the warm EI Nino and the cold so-called anti-El Nino. The answer, at
43、 least if the current model that links the behavior of the ocean to that of the atmosphere is correct, is to be found in the ocean. It has long been known that during an El Nino, two conditions exist: unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and
44、 Peru, and winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These winds tend to create a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into a “pile“ that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the eastern water, th
45、us strengthening the wind still more. The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nino, which raise sea level in the cast, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed
46、, or negative, sea level, that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. Taking months to traverse the Pacific, Rossby waves march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smooth wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains, su
47、ch as, the Philippines and Indonesia. When the waves meet the western boundary, they are reflected, and the model predicts that Rossby waves will be broken into numerous coastal Kelvin waves carrying the same negative sea-level signal. These eventually shoot toward the equator, and then head eastwar
48、d along the equator propelled by the rotation of the Earth at a speed of about 250 kilometers per day. When enough Kelvin waves of sufficient amplitude arrive from the western Pacific, their negative sea-level signal overcomes the feedback mechanism tending to raise the sea level, and they begin to
49、drive the system into the opposite cold mode. This produces a gradual shift in winds, one that will eventually send positive sea-level Rossby waves westward, waves that will eventually return as cold cycle-ending positive Kelvin waves, beginning another warming cycle.（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph?（分数：4.00）A.A model is described and its value assessed.B.A result is reported and its importance explained.C.A phenomenon is note
