1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 471 及答案解析(总分：230.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：16.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the impact of reality shows. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
2、. Write your essay on Answer Sheet 1. （分数：16.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Radiance Exists EverywhereA. Do you believe, as I used to, that radioactivity is very rare and very dangerous, restricted to arsenals and power plants? Let“s take a look at your kitchen. Th
3、e bananas are radioactive from their potassium, the Brazil nuts have a thousand times more radium than any other food item, and your dried herbs and spices were irradiated to counter bacteria, germination and spoilage. There“s thorium in your microwave oven and americium in your smoke detector. B. E
4、lsewhere in the house, cat litter, cigarettes, adobe, granite and brick are all actively radiating you. Always and forever, radiation is both raining down on you from the skiesstriking mile-high Denver two to three times as powerfully as San Diegoand floating up at you from our bedrock“s decaying ur
5、anium. Those all-natural mineral waters you soaked in on that spa vacation? Did the brochure mention that hot springs are hot in two senses, as the heat emanates from those same uranium combustions? C. Radiance is so pervasive that geologists have uncovered evidence of 14 naturally occurring nuclear
6、 reactors. It“s coming out of the walls of the U.S. Capitol in Washington and New York“s Grand Central Terminal. Your cat is radioactive, your dog is radioactive, your friends and your family are all radioactive, and so, as it turns out, are you. Right now your body is emanating radiant effluvia and
7、, every time you and another human being get together, you irradiate each other. D. By the way, do you live in the continental U.S.? In 1997, the National Cancer Institute reported that the Cold War detonations at the Nevada Test Site had polluted nearly the whole of the country with drifting airbor
8、ne radioactive iodine, creating somewhere between 10,000 and 75,000 cases of childhood thyroid cancer. E. The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that of the nearly 600,000 Americans dying of cancer every year, 11,000 will be because of those tests. All those decades worrying about
9、the Soviet Union attack Americans with nuclear weapons? Instead, while Washington irradiated Americans from Nevada, Moscow irradiated its own citizens with tests from Kazakhstan. F. But there is, in all this, some good news. The source of radioactivity is an atom so obese that it defies the laws of
10、attraction gluing together our material world and spits out little pieces of itselftwo kinds of particles and a stream of gamma rays, similar to X-rays. An overdose of gamma rays is like a vicious sunburn, with skin damage and elevated cancer risks, but those particles are too big to penetrate our s
11、kin, meaning that they need to be swallowed or inhaled to wreak damage. G. Remember the movie “Silkwood“, with Meryl Streep writhing in naked agony as men with brushes scrubbed her in the shower? They were washing away her exposure. The truly fearful event in a nuclear accident, then, isn“t fallout
12、but meltdown, where the core bums through the floor and suffuses the water table. There it causes agricultural mayhem and radioactive dust that you better not breathe. H. The good news, though, is in that word: overdose. We“re not dropping dead en masse from radiation poisoning or its ensuing cancer
13、s on a daily basis because, like all poisons, it isn“t the particular atom that will get you. It“s the dose. And damage from radioactivity requires a much greater dose than any of us would have believed. I. This upheaval in everything we thought we knew comes from two decades long studies. The Unite
14、d Nations spent 25 years investigating the Chernobyl disaster and determined that 57 people died during the accident itself (including 28 emergency workers), while 18 children living nearby died in the following years of thyroid cancer from drinking the milk of tainted cows. (Thyroid cancer is very
15、curable, so their deaths could have been prevented by an effective public-health service, but Ukraine“s and Belarus“s collapsed alongside the Soviet Union“s.) In short, the most terrifying nuclear disaster in human history, which spread a cloud the size of 400 Hiroshimas across the whole of Europe,
16、killed 75 people. J. Some believe that this number is too conservative, but those beliefs aren“t backed by data. One critic is physicist Bernard Cohen, who predicted, “The sum of exposures to people all over the world will eventually, after about 50 years, reach 60 billion millirems, enough to cause
17、 about 16,000 deaths.“ To give this number perspective, around 16,000 Americans die every year from the pollution of coal-burning power plants. K. Besides the U.N.“s Chernobyl report, the most extensive data on human exposure to radiation is the American-Japanese joint study of hibakusha“explosion-a
18、ffected persons“the 200,000 survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The expectations at the start of that study (which has taken over 60 years and continues to this day) were that survivors would be overrun with tumours and leukaemia and that a percentage of their descendants would be genetically defor
19、med. Instead, researcher Evan Douple concluded, “The risk of cancer is quite low, lower than what the public might expect.“ L. Radiologist John Moulder analyzed the results of one group of 50,000 survivors, about 5,000 of whom had developed cancer: “Based on what we know of the rest of the Japanese
20、population, you would have expected about 4,500 of them. So we have 5,000 cancers over 50 years where we would expect 4,500.“ Assuming that the 500 additional cases are all due to radiation, and that means a rate of 1%. And there was no increase in inherited mutations. Remember: These aren“t victims
21、 of a power plant breakdown; they are survivors of a nuclear attack. M. For the Fukushima disaster of 2011, the consensus estimate is a 1% increase in cancer for employees who worked at the site and an undetectable increase for the plant“s neighbours. Just think of the difference between the overwhe
22、lming nuclear fears and nightmares we“ve all suffered from since 1945 and that range of increased risk: 0% to 1%. And if that“s not enough to question everything you thought you knew about radiation, consider that, even after the catastrophe in Japan, the likelihood of work-related death and injury
23、for nuclear plant workers is lower than for real estate agents.and for stockbrokers. N. Here“s the truth about you and radiation: There“s no reason to worry about power-plant meltdowns or airport scanners, where the X-rays have been replaced by millimetre wave machines. And don“t worry about those r
24、adioactive everyday items. By scientific measures, the average American gets 620 millirems of radiation each year, half from background exposure, and that number needs to reach 100,000 to be worrisome. O. Instead of fretting about these things, have your basement tested for radon. Monitor how many n
25、uclear diagnostics and treatments, from X-rays to CT scans, you and your family get. Use sunscreen. And follow the advice of the woman who defined “radioactivity“, Marie Curie: “Now is the time to understand more, so that we fear less.“（分数：20.00）(1).Only if we know more about radioactivity, can we a
26、void unnecessary fears.（分数：2.00）(2).All the people and animals around you, and you yourself are all radioactive.（分数：2.00）(3).Some people in Russia were under the exposure of the nuclear tests in Kazakhstan.（分数：2.00）(4).The low risk of the Fukushima disaster of 2011 provides an irony for our exceedin
27、g nuclear fears since 1945.（分数：2.00）(5).840 millirems of radiation each year is within the safe domain.（分数：2.00）(6).The researchers expected that the survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki would suffer from tumours and leukaemia, but the risk is very low actually.（分数：2.00）(7).Many children suffered fro
28、m the thyroid cancer in the influence of the Cold War detonations at the Nevada Test Site.（分数：2.00）(8).In a nuclear accident, meltdown, which can bring agricultural disaster and radioactive dust, is more terrible than fallout.（分数：2.00）(9).Radiance is not only exists in some power plants, it can also
29、 be found in the kitchen.（分数：2.00）(10).Humans extraordinarily overestimate the damage caused by radioactivity.（分数：2.00）四、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：2，分数：83.50)Whenever I hear a weather report declaring it“s the hottest June 10 on record or whatever, I can“t take it too seriously, beca
30、use “ever“ really means “as long as the records go back,“ which is only as far as the late 1800s. Scientists have other ways of measuring temperatures before that, thoughnot for individual dates, but they can ten the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks in c
31、orals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled into glacial ice. They can even use drawings of glaciers as there were hundreds of years ago compared with today. And in the most comprehensive compilation of such data to date, says a new report from the National Research Council, it lo
32、oks pretty certain that the last few decades have been hotter than any comparable period in the last 400 years. That“s a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural up and down of average temperaturesa frequent assertion of the global warming-doubters crowd. The report
33、 was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year by climatologist Michael Mann, of the University of Virginia (he“s the creator of the “hockey stick“ graph A1 Gore used in “An Inconvenient Truth“ to dramatize the rise in carbon dioxide in recent years). Mann claimed that the recent
34、warming was unprecedented in the past thousand yearsthat led Congress to order up an assessment by the prestigious Research Council. Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhelmingly supported by the data. But the past 400 wasso resoundingly that it fully supports the
35、 claim that today“s temperatures are unnaturally warm, just as global warming theory has been predicting for a hundred years. And if there“s any doubt about whether these proxy measurements are really legitimate, the NRC scientists compared them with actual temperature data from the most recent cent
36、ury, when real thermometers were in widespread use. The match was more or less fight on. In the past nearly two decades since TIME first put global warming on the cover, then, the argument against it has gone from “it isn“t happening“ to “it“s happening, but it“s natural,“ to “it“s mostly natural“ a
37、nd now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away. Indeed, Rep. Sherwood Boehert, the New York Republican who chairs the House Science Committee and who asked for the report declared that it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming sciencea controversy
38、that opponents keep insisting is alive. Whether President Bush will finally take serious action to deal with the warming, however, is a much less settled question.（分数：12.50）(1).What does this passage mainly deal with?（分数：2.50）A.The tendency of earth“s becoming hotter.B.The assessment of earth“s temp
39、erature.C.The menace of global warming.D.The measurement of tackling global warming.(2).What is “proxy measurement“ in Paragraph 1 likely to refer to?（分数：2.50）A.Studying the characteristics of glaciers.B.Measuring the growth signs of aquatic organism.C.Taking advantage of previous pictures.D.Using c
40、lues left from the past.(3).What does the report from NRC indicate?（分数：2.50）A.The earth will become warmer.B.It is somewhat suspicious of Michael Mann“s assertion.C.The earth reaches the highest temperature in the history.D.The proxy measurements are reliable.(4).Which statement is NOT true concerni
41、ng the controversy about global warming?（分数：2.50）A.The new report from NRC is motivated by the controversy over Michael Mann“s claim.B.Those who doubt global warming consider that warming is a natural phenomenon.C.Those suspicious of global warming take an inconsistent stance on the issue.D.The argu
42、ment ends in the defeat of global-warming-doubters.(5).What is the author“s attitude towards global warming theory?（分数：2.50）A.Negative.B.Indifferent.C.Favorable.D.Neutral.President Obama signed a legislation to provide twenty-six billion dollars to the States for education and healthcare. The measur
43、es include ten billion dollars for education and sixteen billion for Medicaid, the joint state-federal government medical program for the poor. The legislation will help one hundred and sixty thousand teachers and one hundred and fifty thousand police and public service workers keep their jobs. Thus
44、, the measures are good news for them. The House of Representatives has approved the bill. House members had already begun a six-week holiday when the Senate approved the measure last week. Speaker of the House, Nancy Pelosi, took the rare step of calling House lawmakers back to Washington to vote o
45、n the bill and send it to President Obama without delay. It is obvious that the House of Representatives are also very concerned with the progress. President Obama has stressed the importance of education for all Americans. He said this is necessary for the country to compete among some of the world
46、“s fastest growing economies. In a speech given at the University of Texas, the president talked about the decrease in college graduation rates in the United States. “In a single generation, we“ve fallen from first place to twelfth place in college graduation rates for young adults. That is unaccept
47、able, but it is not irreversible. We can retake the lead. “ President Obama said educational success and economic well-being are linked, especially in a world economy driven by information and technology. His goal is to increase the percentage of college graduates from forty percent to sixty percent
48、 by the year 2020. The president said the federal government has already reformed the student loan system and increased tax credits for families struggling to pay college education costs. It is hoped that those measures would be effective. Democrats in Congress say spending for the new bill will not
49、 add to the federal budget deficit. But some Republican lawmakers criticized the measure. House Republican leader John Boehner dismissed the emergency jobs measure as more wasteful spending aimed at pleasing the Democrats“ traditional union allies. “The American people are screaming at the top of their lungs, “Stop!“ And Washington continues to spend, spend, spend. “ Hours before the vote, President Obama told reporters at the White House that education and the safety of communities should
