1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 446及答案解析(总分：460.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)The Birth of Scientific EnglishA. World science is dominated today by a small number of languages, including Japanese, German and French, but it is English which is probably the most popular global language of science. This
2、 is not just because of the importance of English-speaking countries such as the USA in scientific research; the scientists of many non-English-speaking countries find that they need to write their research papers in English to reach a wide international audience. B. Given the prominence of scientif
3、ic English today, it may seem surprising that no one really knew how to write science in English before the 17th century. Before that, Latin was regarded as the lingua franca for European intellectuals. C. The European Renaissance (c. 14th16th century) is sometimes called the “revival of learning“,
4、a time of renewed interest in the “lost knowledge“ of classical times. At the same time, however, scholars also began to test and extend this knowledge. D. The emergent nation states of Europe developed competitive interests in world exploration and the development of trade. Such expansion, which wa
5、s to take the English language west to America and east to India, was supported by scientific developments such as the discovery of magnetism (and hence the invention of the compass), improvements in cartography andperhaps the most important scientific revolution of them allthe new theories of astro
6、nomy and the movement of the Earth in relation to the planets and stars, developed by Copernicus (1473-1543). E. England was one of the first countries where scientists adopted and publicized Copernican ideas with enthusiasm. Some of these scholars, including two with interests in languageJohn Wall“
7、s and John Wilkinshelped Found the Royal Society in 1660 in order to promote empirical scientific research. F. Across Europe similar academies and societies arose, creating new national traditions of science. In the initial stages of the scientific revolution, most publications in the national langu
8、ages were popular works, encyclopaedias, educational textbooks and translations. G. Original science was not done in English until the second half of the 17th century. For example, Newton published his mathematical treatise, known as the Principia, in Latin, but published his later work on the prope
9、rties of lightOpticksin English. H. There were several reasons why original science continued to be written in Latin. The first was simply a matter of audience. Latin was suitable for an international audience of scholars, whereas English reached a socially wider, but more local, audience. Hence, po
10、pular science was written in English. I. A second reason for writing in Latin may, perversely, have been a concern for secrecy. Open publication had dangers in putting into the public domain preliminary ideas which had not yet been fully exploited by their “author“. This growing concern about intell
11、ectual properly rights was a feature of the periodit reflected both the humanist notion of the individual, rational scientist who invents and discovers through private intellectual labour, and the growing connection between original science and commercial exploitation. J. There was something of a so
12、cial distinction between “scholars and gentlemen“ who understood Latin, and men of trade who lacked a classical education. And in the mid-17th century it was common practice for mathematicians to keep their discoveries and proofs secret, by writing them in cipher, in obscure languages, or in private
13、 messages deposited in a sealed box with the Royal Society. Some scientists might have felt more comfortable with Latin precisely because its audience, though international, was socially restricted. Doctors clung the most keenly to Latin as an “insider language“. K. A third reason why the writing of
14、 original science in English was delayed may have been to do with the linguistic inadequacy of English in the early modern period. English was not well equipped to deal with scientific argument. First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required
15、 to represent the world in an objective and impersonal way, and to discuss the relations, such as cause and effect, that might hold between complex and hypothetical entities. L. Fortunately, several members of the Royal Society possessed an interest in language and became engaged in various linguist
16、ic projects. Although a proposal in 1664 to establish a committee for improving the English language came to little, the society“s members did a great deal to foster the publication of science in English and to encourage the development of a suitable writing style. M. Many members of the Royal Socie
17、ty also published monographs in English. One of the first was by Robert Hooke, the society“s first curator of experiments, who described his experiments with microscopes in Micrographia (1665). This work is largely narrative in style, based on a transcript of oral demonstrations and lectures. N. In
18、1665 a new scientific journal, Philosophical Transactions, was inaugurated. Perhaps the first international English-language scientific journal, it encouraged a new genre of scientific writing, that of short, focused accounts of particular experiments. O. The 17th century was thus a formative period
19、 in the establishment of scientific English. In the following century much of this momentum was lost as German established itself as the leading European language of science. It is estimated that by the end of the 18th century 401 German scientific journals had been established as opposed to 96 in F
20、rance and 50 in England. However, in the 19th century scientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical growth as the industrial revolution created the need for new technical vocabulary, and new, specialised, professional societies were instituted to promote and publish in the new disciplines.（分数
21、：20.00）(1).In seventeenth century Britain, those profound thinkers combined their interests in science with an enthusiasm in how to express ideas.（分数：2.00）(2).The worldwide scientists have to write their essays in English if they want to attract audience from different countries.（分数：2.00）(3).Scienti
22、fic English developed again in the 19th century as a direct result of the industrial revolution.（分数：2.00）(4).The another reason for writing in Latin instead of in English is to keep discoveries secret.（分数：2.00）(5).An early scientific journal fostered a new kind of writing based on short description
23、of specific experiments.（分数：2.00）(6).Since the importance of scientific English nowadays, it is difficult for us to imagine that few people could write science in English before 1600s.（分数：2.00）(7).One reason for writing of popular science in English has been the concern for a majority of audience.（分
24、数：2.00）(8).In Britain, scientists worried that English had neither the technical vocabulary nor the grammatical resources to express their ideas.（分数：2.00）(9).Luckily, scientists associated with the Royal Society set about developing English.（分数：2.00）(10).In mid-17th century, the desire to protect id
25、eas seems to have been strong, especially in the case the scientists of many non-English-speaking countries find that they need to write their research papers in English to reach a wide international audience. B. Given the prominence of scientific English today, it may seem surprising that no one re
26、ally knew how to write science in English before the 17th century. Before that, Latin was regarded as the lingua franca for European intellectuals. C. The European Renaissance (c. 14th16th century) is sometimes called the “revival of learning“, a time of renewed interest in the “lost knowledge“ of c
27、lassical times. At the same time, however, scholars also began to test and extend this knowledge. D. The emergent nation states of Europe developed competitive interests in world exploration and the development of trade. Such expansion, which was to take the English language west to America and east
28、 to India, was supported by scientific developments such as the discovery of magnetism (and hence the invention of the compass), improvements in cartography andperhaps the most important scientific revolution of them allthe new theories of astronomy and the movement of the Earth in relation to the p
29、lanets and stars, developed by Copernicus (1473-1543). E. England was one of the first countries where scientists adopted and publicized Copernican ideas with enthusiasm. Some of these scholars, including two with interests in languageJohn Wall“s and John Wilkinshelped Found the Royal Society in 166
30、0 in order to promote empirical scientific research. F. Across Europe similar academies and societies arose, creating new national traditions of science. In the initial stages of the scientific revolution, most publications in the national languages were popular works, encyclopaedias, educational te
31、xtbooks and translations. G. Original science was not done in English until the second half of the 17th century. For example, Newton published his mathematical treatise, known as the Principia, in Latin, but published his later work on the properties of lightOpticksin English. H. There were several
32、reasons why original science continued to be written in Latin. The first was simply a matter of audience. Latin was suitable for an international audience of scholars, whereas English reached a socially wider, but more local, audience. Hence, popular science was written in English. I. A second reaso
33、n for writing in Latin may, perversely, have been a concern for secrecy. Open publication had dangers in putting into the public domain preliminary ideas which had not yet been fully exploited by their “author“. This growing concern about intellectual properly rights was a feature of the periodit re
34、flected both the humanist notion of the individual, rational scientist who invents and discovers through private intellectual labour, and the growing connection between original science and commercial exploitation. J. There was something of a social distinction between “scholars and gentlemen“ who u
35、nderstood Latin, and men of trade who lacked a classical education. And in the mid-17th century it was common practice for mathematicians to keep their discoveries and proofs secret, by writing them in cipher, in obscure languages, or in private messages deposited in a sealed box with the Royal Soci
36、ety. Some scientists might have felt more comfortable with Latin precisely because its audience, though international, was socially restricted. Doctors clung the most keenly to Latin as an “insider language“. K. A third reason why the writing of original science in English was delayed may have been
37、to do with the linguistic inadequacy of English in the early modern period. English was not well equipped to deal with scientific argument. First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world in an objective and impersonal
38、way, and to discuss the relations, such as cause and effect, that might hold between complex and hypothetical entities. L. Fortunately, several members of the Royal Society possessed an interest in language and became engaged in various linguistic projects. Although a proposal in 1664 to establish a
39、 committee for improving the English language came to little, the society“s members did a great deal to foster the publication of science in English and to encourage the development of a suitable writing style. M. Many members of the Royal Society also published monographs in English. One of the fir
40、st was by Robert Hooke, the society“s first curator of experiments, who described his experiments with microscopes in Micrographia (1665). This work is largely narrative in style, based on a transcript of oral demonstrations and lectures. N. In 1665 a new scientific journal, Philosophical Transactio
41、ns, was inaugurated. Perhaps the first international English-language scientific journal, it encouraged a new genre of scientific writing, that of short, focused accounts of particular experiments. O. The 17th century was thus a formative period in the establishment of scientific English. In the fol
42、lowing century much of this momentum was lost as German established itself as the leading European language of science. It is estimated that by the end of the 18th century 401 German scientific journals had been established as opposed to 96 in France and 50 in England. However, in the 19th century s
43、cientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical growth as the industrial revolution created the need for new technical vocabulary, and new, specialised, professional societies were instituted to promote and publish in the new disciplines.（分数：20.00）(1).In seventeenth century Britain, those profou
44、nd thinkers combined their interests in science with an enthusiasm in how to express ideas.（分数：2.00）解析：E解析 题干意为：在 17世纪的英国，那些先进的思想家将他们对科学的兴趣与对如何表达想法的热情结合在一起。定位于原文 E段，1660 对应 seventeenth century, interests in language对应 an enthusiasm in how to express ideas。故选 E。(2).The worldwide scientists have to wr
45、ite their essays in English if they want to attract audience from different countries.（分数：2.00）解析：A解析 定位于 A段第二句，This is not just because of the importance of English-speaking.they need to write their research papers in English to reach a wide international audience. 不仅因为美国这样的英语国家在科学研究中的重要作用，而且因为许多非英
46、语国家的科学家为了拥有更多的国际读者，他们需要用英语写论文。即题干大意，如果想要吸引来自不同国家的读者，全世界的科学家需要用英语写论文。故选 A。(3).Scientific English developed again in the 19th century as a direct result of the industrial revolution.（分数：2.00）解析：O解析 根据 19世纪这一关键词，定位于原文 O段。However, in the 19th century scientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical
47、growth as the industrial revolution.意为“但是在19世纪，因为工业革命的兴起，科技英语在词汇量上再次大幅增长。”题干中 as a direct result of industrial revolution是原文 as the industrial revolution的同义替换，词汇量上增长即科技英语发展之意。所以，正确答案是 O。(4).The another reason for writing in Latin instead of in English is to keep discoveries secret.（分数：2.00）解析：I解析 题干
48、意为：用拉丁文而不用英语写作是因为想将发现的东西保密起来。定位于原文 I段第一句 A second reason for writing in Latin may, perversely, have been a concern for secrecy. 看起来有点荒谬，但用拉丁文写的第二个原因是考虑到保密性。与题干大意相符，故选 I。(5).An early scientific journal fostered a new kind of writing based on short description of specific experiments.（分数：2.00）解析：N解析 根
49、据关键词 an early scientific journal定位于 N段第二句。题干意为，早期的科学期刊促进了一种新的写作风格，即基于对具体实验的简洁描述。题干 early对应 the first“, foster对应encourage, short accounts of particular experiments对应 short description of specific experiments。所以，正确答案选 N。(6).Since the importance of scientific English nowadays, it is difficult for us to imagine that few people could write science in English before 1600s.（分数：2.00）解析：B解析 题干意为：因为如今科技英语已非常重要，我们很难想象在 1600年前，很少人会在科学文章中用英语写作。定位于原文 B段第一句，题干 since the importance of与原文 given the prominence of为近义替换，it may seem surprising“看起来很不可思议的”，即难理解的意思。所以，正确答案是 B。(7).One rea
