1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 443及答案解析(总分：330.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Into the UnknownThe world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope?A Until the early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on agei
2、ng“ back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis“, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable. B For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Ameri
3、cans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm , and their message was blunt: health-care systems were heading for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare. C Since then
4、the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International organisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to
5、NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, including this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage. D Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is a
6、nother question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce
7、unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades. E The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政的) meltdown, public pensions and health-care provision with have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrai
8、n pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even keep them alive longer. John Rother, the AARP“s head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being equal,
9、people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers. F Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and that their pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because t
10、hey have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war babyboom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing employers“ choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take up paid work is running low, and th
11、e baby-boomers are going grey. G In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force as have already emerged (and remember that the real shortage is still around ten years off). Immigration in the developed world is the highest it has ever been, and it is making a useful dif
12、ference. In still-fertile America it currently accounts for about 40% of total population growth, and in fast-ageing western Europe for about 90%. H On the face of it, it seems the perfect solution. Many developing countries have lots of young people in need of jobs; many rich countries need helping
13、 hands that will boost tax revenues and keep up economic growth. But over the next few decades labour forces in rich countries are set to shrink so much that inflows of immigrants would have to increase enormously to compensate: to at least twice their current size in western Europe“s most youthful
14、countries, and three times in the older ones. Japan would need a large multiple of the few immigrants it has at present. Public opinion polls show that people in most rich countries already think that immigration is too high. Further big increases would be politically unfeasible. I To tackle the pro
15、blem of ageing populations at its root, “old“ countries would have to rejuvenate (使年轻) themselves by having more of their own children. A number of them have tried, some more successfully than others. But it is not a simple matter of offering financial incentives or providing more child care. Modern
16、 urban life in rich countries is not well adapted to large families. Women find it hard to combine family and career. They often compromise by having just one child. J And if fertility in ageing countries does not pick up? It will not be the end of the world, at least not for quite a while yet, but
17、the world will slowly become a different place. Older societies may be less innovative and more strongly disinclined to take risks than younger ones. By 2025 at the latest, about half the voters in America and most of those in western European countries will be over 50and older people turn out to vo
18、te in much greater numbers than younger ones. Academic studies have found no evidence so far that older voters have used their power at the ballot box to push for policies that specifically benefit them, though if in future there are many more of them they might start doing so. K Nor is there any si
19、gn of the intergenerational warfare predicted in the 1990s. After all, older people themselves mostly have families. In a recent study of parents and grown-up children in 11 European countries, Karsten Hank of Mannheim University found that 85% of them lived within 25km of each other and the majorit
20、y of them were in touch at least once a week. L Even so, the shift in the centre of gravity to older age groups is bound to have a profound effect on societies, not just economically and politically but in all sorts of other ways too. Richard Jackson and Neff Howe of America“s CSIS, in a thoughtful
21、book called The Graying of the Great Powers, argue that, among other things, the ageing of the developed countries will have a number of serious security implications. M For example, the shortage of young adults is likely to make countries more reluctant to commit the few they have to military servi
22、ce. In the decades to 2050, America will find itself playing an ever-increasing role in the developed world“s defence effort. Because America“s population will still be growing when that of most other developed countries is shrinking, America will be the only developed country that still matters geo
23、politically (地缘政治上). Ask me in 2020 N There is little that can be done to stop population ageing, so the world will have to live with it. But some of the consequences can be alleviated. Many experts now believe that given the right policies, the effects, though grave, need not be catastrophic. Most
24、countries have recognised the need to do something and are beginning to act. O But even then there is no guarantee that their efforts will work. What is happening now is historically unprecedented. Ronald Lee, director of the Centre on the Economics and Demography of Ageing at the University of Cali
25、fornia, Berkeley, puts it briefly and clearly: “We don“t really know what population ageing will be like, because nobody has done it yet.“（分数：71.00）(1).Employers should realise it is important to keep older workers in the workforce.（分数：7.10）(2).A recent study found that most old people in some Europ
26、ean countries had regular weekly contact with their adult children.（分数：7.10）(3).Few governments in rich countries have launched bold reforms to tackle the problem of population ageing.（分数：7.10）(4).In a report published some 20 years ago, the sustainability of old-age pension systems in most countrie
27、s was called into doubt.（分数：7.10）(5).Countries that have a shortage of young adults will be less willing to send them to war.（分数：7.10）(6).One-child families are more common in ageing societies due to the stress of urban life and the difficulties of balancing family and career.（分数：7.10）(7).A series o
28、f books, mostly authored by Americans, warned of conflicts between the older and younger generations.（分数：7.10）(8).Compared with younger ones, older societies tend to be less innovative and take fewer risks.（分数：7.10）(9).The best solution to the pension crisis is to postpone the retirement age.（分数：7.1
29、0）(10).Immigration as a means to boost the shrinking labour force may meet with resistance in some rich countries.（分数：7.10）三、Part Translation(总题数：10，分数：259.00)1.据中国古代史书记载，治水有功的大禹通过禅让制接替舜成为部落联盟首领。但大禹死后，他的儿子夏启却破坏禅让的传统，自立为国王，建立了中国历史上第一个奴隶制国家夏。从此，王位实行世袭制度，中国社会从此步入阶级社会。夏代处在中国社会从原始社会向奴隶社会过渡的时期，社会生活的各个方面依然
30、保存着原始社会的种种痕迹。 （分数：20.00）_2.杭州是全球最值得去旅游的城市之一。杭州曾被美国纽约时报评选为“2016 年全球最值得去的 41个地方”。杭州旅游资源丰富，拥有西湖、西溪、大运河、钱塘江等著名旅游目的地。中国最美丽的爱情故事许仙和白娘子、梁山伯与祝英台都发生在杭州。杭州先后被世界休闲组织评为“东方休闲之都”，被世界旅游组织和国家旅游局授予“中国最佳旅游城市”称号，被联合国环境规划署评为国际花园城市。西湖和京杭大运河被列入世界遗产名录。 （分数：106.50）_3.有几种类型的图案经常出现在儿童服装和饰品(adornment)上。这些图案当中最常见的是：被认为是森林之王的老虎
31、，老虎足够凶猛可以吓走邪恶的鬼怪(malicious spirits)；公鸡，每天早晨响亮的打鸣声会吓跑邪恶的鬼魂：象征丰盈(abundance)的猪，它会愚弄鬼怪，让它们以为孩子只是一头猪；鱼，这个字是盈余的“余”的谐音(homonym of the Chinese word for surplus)；蝙蝠，谐音“变福”：象征着生育能力(fertility)的荷花和石榴(pomegranate)(因为它们多籽)以及代表长寿(longevity)的桃子。 （分数：14.00）_4.上海自由贸易区(Shanghai Free Trade Zone)，简称上海自贸区，是中国政府设立在上海的区域性自
32、由贸易区。自贸区于 2013年 8月 22日获得国务院批准，并于 9月 29日正式挂牌。在该自贸区挂牌后的第一个工作日，前来咨询办理业务的人络绎不绝。事实上，自贸区没有挂牌前，已有一大批企业迫不及待地申请在上海自贸区辖区内注册。上海自贸区是中国主动选择的一个新的开放试点(pilot zone)，目的是以开放促进改革。自贸区的设立不仅可以使贸易便利化，而且可以使加快贸易转型和升级。 （分数：10.00）_5.江苏菜，又叫淮扬菜，流行于长江下流区域，以水产作为主要原料，注重原料的鲜味。其雕刻技术十分珍贵，其中 瓜雕 (melon carving)尤其著名。烹饪技术包括炖、烤、焙、 煨 (simme
33、ring)等。江苏菜的特色是淡、鲜、甜、雅。江苏菜系以其精选的原料，精细的准备，不辣不温的口感而出名。因为江苏气候变化很大，江苏菜系在一年之中也有变化。味道强而不重，淡而不温。 （分数：20.00）_6.过去 10年，海平面升高和森林看法的速度都是前所未有的；生态恶化、物种灭绝、臭氧层被破坏、温室效应、酸雨等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境。环境恶化造成的问题之一就是缺水。目前全世界 40%以上的人口，即 20多亿人，面临缺水问题。据预测，未来 25年全球人口将有 60亿增长到80亿，环境保护面 I临更大的压力。中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发，
34、中国在全面推进现代化的过程中，将环境保护视为一项基本国策。众所周知，对生态环境和生物多样性的保护是环保工作的重点。我国野生动植物物种丰富，仅脊椎动物就有 6,000多种左右，高等植物 3万多种。 （分数：16.00）_7.诚实是指真诚正直、言行一致。守信是指遵守承诺、不虚伪、不欺骗。孔子教导弟子要诚实。在学习上，知之为知之，不知为不知。孔子认为这才是对待学习的正确态度。古时候，中国商铺的大门上写着“货真价实，童叟无欺”。这表明从古时候起，中国就已推行公平交易、以诚待客、不欺骗、不造假的道德标准。现代中国将诚实守信的美德加以发扬光大。诚实守信就是工作学习时专心负责；对朋友坦诚、言出必行。 （分数
35、：20.00）_8.深圳市地处广东省南部沿海，是中国四大一线城市之一。改革开放后，深圳被国务院批准设立经济特区(Special Economic Zone)。深圳是一个以外来人口为主的城市，被称为“移民城市”。深圳目前的人口将近 1500万，而本地原住民(aboriginal locals)只有不到 30万。深圳被设为经济特区后，旅游业发展异常迅猛，新建的旅游景点及设施独具魅力，并以其新奇的风格蜚声海内外。深圳拥有怡人的城市自然环境，森林覆盖率高达 47.6%，曾被评为“花园城市”。 （分数：12.50）_9.孟母三迁孟子是中国古代一位著名的哲学家，其影响仅次孔子。他小时候家住在墓地附近，耳濡
36、目染的都是些有关 丧葬礼仪 (funeral ceremony)的事情。孟母担心这里的环境对他的影响不好，于是就搬家了。新家靠近集市，孟子又学着商人做买卖，孟母不愿自己的孩子长大成为一个商人，于是又搬家了。第三次的新居在学校附近，孟子就跟着学生学习 诗书礼仪 (classic and etiquette)。孟母认为找到了理想的地方，于是决定在这里长住下去。由此可见，孟母深知环境对孩子成长的影响。 （分数：20.00）_10.孝 (filial piety)是中国人特有的一种情感，它建立在 血缘关系 (kinship)基础之上，长久存在于中国的历史之中。在中国，赡养年迈的父母是子女应尽的义务，也
37、是晚辈对长辈表达感恩之情的一种自然方式。孝，不一定要对父母做多大贡献，它体现在生活的方方面面。无论是帮父母洗衣、做饭、扫地，还是一句简单的问候，都是孝的表现。作为子女，我们应该尊敬、理解父母，学会站在父母的角度想事情，因为能理解父母也是孝的体现。 （分数：20.00）_大学英语六级分类模拟题 443答案解析(总分：330.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Into the UnknownThe world has never seen population ageing before. Can it cope?A Until th
38、e early 1990s nobody much thought about whole populations getting older. The UN had the foresight to convene a “world assembly on ageing“ back in 1982, but that came and went. By 1994 the World Bank had noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis“, it
39、argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable. B For the next ten years a succession of books, mainly by Americans, sounded the alarm. They had titles like Young vs Old, Gray Dawn and The Coming Generational Storm , and their message was blunt: health-care systems were headin
40、g for the rocks, pensioners were taking young people to the cleaners, and soon there would be intergenerational warfare. C Since then the debate has become less emotional, not least because a lot more is known about the subject. Books, conferences and research papers have multiplied. International o
41、rganisations such as the OECD and the EU issue regular reports. Population ageing is on every agenda, from G8 economic conferences to NATO summits. The World Economic Forum plans to consider the future of pensions and health care at its prestigious Davos conference early next year. The media, includ
42、ing this newspaper, are giving the subject extensive coverage. D Whether all that attention has translated into sufficient action is another question. Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health-care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on
43、 reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopular measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades. E The outline of the changes needed is clear. To avoid fiscal (财政的) meltdown, public pensions a
44、nd health-care provision with have to be reined back severely and taxes may have to go up. By far the most effective method to restrain pension spending is to give people the opportunity to work longer, because it increases tax revenues and reduces spending on pensions at the same time. It may even
45、keep them alive longer. John Rother, the AARP“s head of policy and strategy, points to studies showing that other things being equal, people who remain at work have lower death rates than their retired peers. F Younger people today mostly accept that they will have to work for longer and that their
46、pensions will be less generous. Employers still need to be persuaded that older workers are worth holding on to. That may be because they have had plenty of younger ones to choose from, partly thanks to the post-war babyboom and partly because over the past few decades many more women have entered the labour force, increasing employers“ choice. But the reservoir of women able and willing to take up paid work is running low, and the baby-boomers are going grey. G In many countries immigrants have been filling such gaps in the labour force as ha
