1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 441 及答案解析(总分：594.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)A Nation That“s Losing Its ToolboxAThe scene inside the Home Depot on Weyman Avenue here would give the old-time American craftsman pause. In Aisle 34 is precut plastic flooring, the glue already
2、 in place. In Aisle 26 are prefabricated windows. Stacked near the checkout counters, and as colorful as a Fisher-Price toy, is a not-so-serious-looking power took a battery-operated saw-and-drill combination. And if you don“t want to do it yourself, head to Aisle 23 or Aisle 35, where a help desk w
3、ill arrange for an installer. BIt“s all very handy stuff, I guess, a convenient way to be a do-it-yourselfer without being all that good with tools. But at a time when the American factory seems to be a shrinking presence, and when good manufacturing jobs have vanished, perhaps never to return, ther
4、e is something deeply troubling about this dilution of American craftsmanship. CThis isn“t a lament (伤感)or not merely a lamentfor bygone times. It“s a social and cultural issue, as well as an economic one. The Home Depot approach to craftsmanshipsimplify it, dumb it down, hire a contractoris one sig
5、nal that mastering tools and working with one“s hands is receding in America as a hobby, as a valued skill, as a cultural influence that shaped thinking and behavior in vast sections of the country. DThat should be a matter of concern in a presidential election year. Yet neither Barack Obama nor Mit
6、t Romney promotes himself as tool-savvy (使用工具很在行的) presidential timber, in the mold of a Jimmy Carter, a skilled carpenter and cabinet maker. EThe Obama administration does worry publicly about manufacturing, a first cousin of craftsmanship. When the Ford Motor Company, for example, recently announc
7、ed that it was bringing some production home, the White House cheered. “When you see things like Ford moving new production from Mexico to Detroit, instead of the other way around, you know things are changing,“ says Gene Sperling, director of the National Economic Council. FAsk the administration o
8、r the Republicans or most academics why America needs more manufacturing, and they respond that manufacturing gives birth to innovation, brings down the trade deficit, strengthens the dollar, generates jobs, arms the military and brings about a recovery from recession. But rarely, if ever, do they p
9、ublicly take the argument a step further, asserting that a growing manufacturing sector encourages craftsmanship and that craftsmanship is, if not a birthright, then a vital ingredient of the American self-image as a can-do, inventive, we-can-make-anything people. GTraditional vocational training in
10、 public high schools is gradually declining, stranding thousands of young people who seek training for a craft without going to college. Colleges, for their part, have since 1985 graduated fewer chemical, mechanical, industrial and metallurgical (冶金的) engineers, partly in response to the reduced rol
11、e of manufacturing, a big employer of them. HThe decline started in the 1950s, when manufacturing generated a sturdy 28% of the national income, or gross domestic product, and employed one-third of the workforce. Today, factory output generates lust 12% of G.D.P. and employs barely 9% of the nation“
12、s workers. IMass layoffs and plant closings have drawn plenty of headlines and public debate over the years, and they still occasionally do. But the damage to skill and craftsmanshipwhat“s needed to build a complex airliner or a tractor, or for a worker to move up from assembler to machinist to supe
13、rvisorwent largely unnoticed. J“In an earlier generation, we lost our connection to the land, and now we are losing our connection to the machinery we depend on,“ says Michael Hour, a sociologist at the University of California, Berkeley. “People who work with their hands,“ he went on, “are doing th
14、ings today that we call service jobs, in restaurants and laundries, or in medical technology and the like.“ KThat“s one explanation for the decline in traditional craftsmanship. Lack of interest is another. The big money is in fields like finance. Starting in the 1980s, skill in finance grew in impo
15、rtance, and, as depicted in the news media and the movies, became a more appealing source of income. By last year, Wall Street traders, bankers and those who deal in real estate generated 21% of the national income, double their share in the 1950s. And Warren Buffett, the good-natured financier, bec
16、ame a homespun folk hero, without the tools and overalls (工作服). L“Young people grow up without developing the skills to fix things around the house,“ says Richard Curtin, director of the Thomson Reuters/University of Michigan Surveys of Consumers. “They know about computers, of course, but they don“
17、t know how to build them.“ MManufacturing“s shrinking presence undoubtedly helps explain the decline in craftsmanship, if only because many of the nation“s assembly line workers were skilled in craft work, if not on the job then in their spare time. In a late 1990s study of blue-collar employees at
18、a General Motors plant (now closed) in Linden, N. J., the sociologist Ruth Milkman of City University of New York found that many line workers, in their off-hours, did home renovation and other skilled work. “I have often thought,“ Ms. Milkman says, “that these extracurricular jobs were an effort on
19、 the part of the workers to regain their dignity after suffering the degradation of repetitive assembly line work in the factory.“ NCraft work has higher status in nations like Germany, which invests in apprenticeship (学徒) programs for high school students. “Corporations in Germany realized that the
20、re was an interest to be served economically and patriotically in building up a skilled labor force at home; we never had that ethos (风气),“ says Richard Sennett, a New York University sociologist who has written about the connection of craft and culture. OThe damage to American craftsmanship seems t
21、o parallel the steep slide in manufacturing employment. Though the decline started in the 1970s, it became much steeper beginning in 2000. Since then, some 5.3 million jobs, or one-third of the workforce in manufacturing, have been lost. A stated goal of the Obama administration is to restore a big
22、chunk of this employment, along with the multitude of skills that many of the jobs required. PAs for craftsmanship itself, the issue is how to preserve it as a valued skill in the general population. Ms. Milkman, the sociologist, argues that American craftsmanship isn“t disappearing as quickly as so
23、me would arguehat it has instead shifted to immigrants. “Pride in craft, it is alive in the immigrant world,“ she says. Sol Axelrod, 37, the manager of the Home Depot here, fittingly learned to fix his own car as a teenager, even changing the brakes. Now he finds immigrant craftsmen gathered in abun
24、dance outside his store in the early morning, waiting for it to open so they can buy supplies for the day“s work as contractors. Skilled day laborers, also mostly immigrants, wait quietly in hopes of being hired by the contractors. QMr. Axelrod also says the recession and persistently high unemploym
25、ent have forced many people to try to save money by doing more themselves, and Home Depot in response offers classes in fixing water taps and other simple repairs. The teachers are store employees, many of them older and semi-retired from a skilled trade, or laid off. “Our customers may not be build
26、ing cabinets or outdoor decks; we try to do that for them,“ Mr. Axelrod says, “but some are trying to build up skill so they can do more for themselves in these hard times.“（分数：71.00）(1).Mastering tools and working with one“s hands used to be a valued skill in America.（分数：7.10）(2).The fact that peop
27、le can make more money in fields other than manufacturing contributes to the decline of craftsmanship.（分数：7.10）(3).High school students are losing opportunities of learning a traditional craft at school.（分数：7.10）(4).Compared with German counterparts, American companies did not work towards encouragi
28、ng craftsmanship.（分数：7.10）(5).Barack Obama did not present himself as skilled in craft work during his election campaign.（分数：7.10）(6).Some people are trying to ride out the economic depression by doing more themselves.（分数：7.10）(7).There is insufficient attention to the negative effects on craftsmans
29、hip produced by the decline of manufacturing.（分数：7.10）(8).Most politicians or scholars fail to point out that manufacturing promotes craftsmanship.（分数：7.10）(9).A sociologist argues that American craftsmanship, instead of disappearing, is being taken up by immigrants.（分数：7.10）(10).A study found that
30、many assembly line workers did skilled work in their off-hours to restore their dignity as craftsmen.（分数：7.10）三、Part Translation(总题数：10，分数：523.00)1.孟子(Mencius)是战国时期(the Warring States Period)一位伟大的思想家、教育家。他的哲学思想与孔子(Confucius)是一脉相承的，孔子去世 100 年后，孟子传授并发展了孔子的学说，这使得他在儒家思想(Confucianism)领域的地位仅次于孔子本人。孟子认为“人性
31、本善”，是社会的影响引发了道德的堕落，因此十分重视道德教育。孟子的母亲在他的生命中扮演了重要的角色，她曾三度迁居，只为了帮助她的孩子找到一个合适的成长环境。 （分数：106.50）_2.“你要茶还是咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题。许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病。在明清(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国。饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到十七、十八世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一。茶是中国的饮品，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 （分数：106.50）_3.广寒宫(
32、the Moon Palace)指的是月球上的宫殿。传说里面居住着月亮女神嫦娥、玉兔(the Jade Rabbit)和樵夫吴刚(woodcutter Wu Gang)。嫦娥原本是一个凡间女子。她偷吃了丈夫后羿的长生不老的神药(pill of immortality)飞到了月宫，然后她成了中国的月亮女神。关于嫦娥最好的朋友玉兔有许多种传说。人们普遍认为，它被送到月宫以缓解嫦娥的孤独。它整天都忙于捣药(pestling medicinal materials)以研制可以帮助嫦娥返回地球的药丸。但是，它从未成功过。 （分数：17.00）_4.茶对中国文化有着深远的影响。在中国社会，年轻一辈常常向老
33、一辈敬茶以表示对他们的尊敬。中国人在家庭聚会时也会喝茶。子女们很少有时间回来探望父母，父母也很少见到他们的孙子。因此，去餐馆和喝茶成了家庭聚会的一项重要活动。此外，在中国文化里，人们会以倒茶的方式，向别人表示深重的歉意。向老一辈敬茶以表示谢意同样是婚礼上的重要 礼仪 (etiquette)。在中国传统婚礼上，新郎和新娘都要跪在父母面前，向他们敬茶。 （分数：106.50）_5.长城是世界一大奇迹。现在，每年都有几百万人到长城游览。在旺季，几处最著名的景点总是让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。中国人修筑长城的历史久远，可以追溯到战国时期(Warring States period)。历史上，中国共修
34、过大约 20 座长城。在所有这些长城中，明长城最长，达到 6700 公里。当时，中国的技术在世界上处于领先地位，因此明长城的结构也是最复杂的。明长城的修筑是为了抵御北方游牧民族的入侵。 （分数：106.50）_6.澳门澳门是一个国际化的都市，几百年来，它一直是中西文化融合共存的地方。东西文化在此地相互交融，留下了许多历史文化遗产，使澳门成为一个独特的城市。澳门是一个适宜徒步游览的城市。这座城市面积虽小，却充满了万花筒般的诱惑，因此，游人难免会有意无意地脱离既定的游览路线。澳门地方不大，却是一个饮食文化十分发达的城市。目前，全澳门约有 300 多家较具规模的酒楼、饭店和西餐厅。至于大排档、甜品屋
35、和小吃店，那就更多了，遍布澳门的大街小巷。 （分数：20.00）_7.水立方2014 年，北京召开 APEC 会议，再一次把象征生命之水的蓝色 水立方 (Water Cube)介绍给世界。而各国继北京奥运会之后，又一次在国际盛会上认识到水立方的形象。水立方绝不仅仅是一座作为游泳中心的国家建筑，还是一座展现民族精神和水文化内涵的文化奇观。“水”在中国文化中具有重要的象征意义。2000 多年前，老子说：“上善若水，水善利万物而不争”，意思就是说最高境界的善行就像水一样滋润万物而不争名利。大国若大河，应拥有一种包容万物、不事张扬的民族自信力和发展 持久力 (endurance)。（分数：20.00）
36、_8.中国传统元素是指被广泛认可的中国传统形象、符号或风俗习惯等。它们能够反映中国传统文化的 精髓 (essence)，是中国所特有的元素。中国传统元素体现在文学、艺术、建筑、饮食、服饰及风俗习惯等多个方面。从唐诗宋词、京戏 脸谱 (facial makeup)、 雕梁画栋 (richly ornamented building)、中餐茶品到唐装 刺绣 (embroidery)，无不体现着魅 力非凡的 (charismatic)中国元素。中国传统元素植根于深厚的中国传统文化，它对中国当代及后世的社会发展都有着不可忽视的重要作用，值得我们继续传承下去。 （分数：10.00）_9.慈禧对外国人万分
37、惧怕，正像她对国人无比傲慢一样。她在河南停留了很长一段时间，到了保定又 逗留 (halt)多日，好不容易才回到北京。据说，在这漫长的旅途中还发生了一件趣事。一位地方官员送给慈禧一只猴子，她颇为高兴，竟让人给那猴子穿 黄马褂 (yellow mandarin jacket)。后来得知有的官员发出了“人不如猴”的感慨，慈禧才发现自己的决定有些 荒唐 (whimsical)，于是又命令给 随行官员 (escorting officials)每人一件黄马褂。得到这殊荣之后，大家真不知道该感谢慈禧还是感谢那只猴子。（分数：10.00）_10.1911 年，中国爆发了历史上的第一次资产阶级革命 辛亥革命
38、(the Revolution of 1911)，它推翻了中国封建社会的最后一个朝代清朝，废除了中国延续了 2000 多年的封建帝制，建立了中国的第一个民主共和国中华民国。民国政府成立以后，要求全国人民都剪掉头上的 辫子 (queues)，选择自己喜欢的发型。至此，在中国延续了 280 多年的辫子法令终于被解除。 （分数：20.00）_大学英语六级分类模拟题 441 答案解析(总分：594.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)A Nation That“s Losing Its
39、ToolboxAThe scene inside the Home Depot on Weyman Avenue here would give the old-time American craftsman pause. In Aisle 34 is precut plastic flooring, the glue already in place. In Aisle 26 are prefabricated windows. Stacked near the checkout counters, and as colorful as a Fisher-Price toy, is a no
40、t-so-serious-looking power took a battery-operated saw-and-drill combination. And if you don“t want to do it yourself, head to Aisle 23 or Aisle 35, where a help desk will arrange for an installer. BIt“s all very handy stuff, I guess, a convenient way to be a do-it-yourselfer without being all that
41、good with tools. But at a time when the American factory seems to be a shrinking presence, and when good manufacturing jobs have vanished, perhaps never to return, there is something deeply troubling about this dilution of American craftsmanship. CThis isn“t a lament (伤感)or not merely a lamentfor by
42、gone times. It“s a social and cultural issue, as well as an economic one. The Home Depot approach to craftsmanshipsimplify it, dumb it down, hire a contractoris one signal that mastering tools and working with one“s hands is receding in America as a hobby, as a valued skill, as a cultural influence
43、that shaped thinking and behavior in vast sections of the country. DThat should be a matter of concern in a presidential election year. Yet neither Barack Obama nor Mitt Romney promotes himself as tool-savvy (使用工具很在行的) presidential timber, in the mold of a Jimmy Carter, a skilled carpenter and cabin
44、et maker. EThe Obama administration does worry publicly about manufacturing, a first cousin of craftsmanship. When the Ford Motor Company, for example, recently announced that it was bringing some production home, the White House cheered. “When you see things like Ford moving new production from Mex
45、ico to Detroit, instead of the other way around, you know things are changing,“ says Gene Sperling, director of the National Economic Council. FAsk the administration or the Republicans or most academics why America needs more manufacturing, and they respond that manufacturing gives birth to innovat
46、ion, brings down the trade deficit, strengthens the dollar, generates jobs, arms the military and brings about a recovery from recession. But rarely, if ever, do they publicly take the argument a step further, asserting that a growing manufacturing sector encourages craftsmanship and that craftsmanship is, if not a birthright, then a vital ingredient of the American self-image as a can-do, inventive, we-can-make-anything people. GTraditional vocational training in public high schools is gradually declining, stranding thousands of young people who seek train
