1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 439 及答案解析(总分：261.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Google“s Plan for World“s Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy or Act of Piracy?AIn recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So
2、far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from libraries in America and Europeincluding half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process. Why is Google undertaking such a venture? BWhy is
3、 it even interested in all those out-of-print library books, most of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? The company claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to “organise the world“s information“, so it would be odd if that i
4、nformation did not include books. The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. “This really isn“t about making money. We are doing this for the good of society.“ As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: “By making it possible to search the millions of boo
5、ks that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human knowledge.“ CDan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that this is primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. “Google“s core business is search and find, so obviously what helps improve Google“s
6、search engine is good for Google,“ he says. “But we have never built a spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have never had to justify the amount I am spending to the company“s founders.“ DIt is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their miss
7、ionary passion. But Google“s book-scanning project is proving controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two se
8、ts of criticisms at Google. EFirst, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world“s books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New York Review of Books , Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University“s library, argue
9、d that because such books are a common resourcethe possession of us allonly public, not-for-profit bodies should be given the power to control them. FThe second related criticism is that Google“s scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal
10、battle whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles Dickens“ Bleak House look straightforward. At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid insufficient attention, is that they
11、are protected by copyright. Copyright laws differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the duration of an author“s life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus allowing the author“s heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death period is 70 years.) This m
12、eans, of course, that almost all of the books published in the 20th century are still under copyrightand the last century saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly 40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in copyright. Of these
13、, some 27 million are out of print. GOutside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of copyright and thus in the “public domain“ (works such as the Bodleian“s first edition of Middlemarch, which anyone can read for free on Google Books Search). HBut, within the US, the company
14、has scanned both in-copyright and out-of-copyright works. In its defence, Google points out that it displays only small segments of books that are in copyrightarguing that such displays are “fair use“. But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books without first seeking the permi
15、ssion of copyright holders, Google has committed piracy. “The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be copied only once authors have expressly given their permission,“ says Piers Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. “Google has reversed thisit has simply copi
16、ed all these works without bothering to ask.“ IIn 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US publishers, launched a class action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more than two years of negotiation, ended with an announcement last October that Google and the claimants had r
17、eached an out-of-court settlement. The full details are complicatedthe text alone runs to 385 pagesand trying to summarise it is no easy task. “Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible,“ says Blofeld, one of the settlement“s most vocal British critics. JBroadly, the deal provides
18、 a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any future revenue it generates from their works). In exchange for this, the rights holders agree not to sue Google in future. KThis settlement hands Google the powerbut only w
19、ith the agreement of individual rights holdersto exploit its database of out-of-print books. It can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that are proving the settlement“s most controversial aspect.
20、LCritics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit its database, the settlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company“s role from provider of information to seller. “Google“s business model has always been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on th
21、e basis of the traffic this generates,“ points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement“s provisions, Google could become a significant force in bookselling. MInterest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on “orphan“ works, wh
22、ere there is no known copyright holderthese make up an estimated 5-10% of the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% of orp
23、han works for free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to individual buyers under the consumer licence. NIt is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行)it is the subject of a fairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google will in eff
24、ect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by thisand the company is likely to face challenges in other courts around the world. ONo one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property it has gained by scanning
25、the world“s library books, and the truth, as Gleick, an American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the company probably doesn“t even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some way or other, Google“s entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant im
26、pact on the book world in years to come.（分数：71.00）(1).Google has involved itself in a legal battle as it ignored the copyright of the books it scanned.（分数：7.10）(2).The method Google“s book scanning project adopts is not available to the outside world.（分数：7.10）(3).The class action suit against Google
27、 was settled with the details being complicated and difficult to understand.（分数：7.10）(4).Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world“s books should be controlled by non-profit organizations.（分数：7.10）(5).Googie defends its scanning in copyright books by saying that it display
28、s only a small part of their content.（分数：7.10）(6).Critics remarked that the settlement of the conunercial provision could make Google a strong competitor in bookselling business.（分数：7.10）(7).Google claims its plan for the world“s biggest online library is to serve the interest of the general public.
29、（分数：7.10）(8).Google“s entrance into digital bookselling will tremendously influence the book world in the future.（分数：7.10）(9).The commercial provisions of the settlement remained controversial after the law suit ended.（分数：7.10）(10).The settlement of orphan works, if enacted, will in reality end the
30、lawsuits concerning copyright violation in the US filed against Google.（分数：7.10）三、Part Translation(总题数：10，分数：190.00)1.卡奴目前，信用卡在中国的一些大城市的年轻人中十分流行。信用卡为其使用者提供了方便，但是同时也使一些人，尤其是购物成瘾却收入不高的年轻人，逐渐地成为信用卡的“奴隶”。卡奴们深陷债务，不得不从一张信用卡中借钱来还另外一张信用卡，或者向银行支付高额的利息。由于收入微薄(meager)和超支(overspending)，他们总是处于破产的边缘，并且在信用纪录中留有很多污
31、点(stains)。为了避免成为卡奴，信用卡使用者一方面要减少不必要的消费支出，另外一方面还要想办法增加经济收入。 （分数：20.00）_2.二十四节气二十四节气 (24 solar terms)是统称，包括 十二节气 (12 major solar terms)和 十二中气 (12 minor solar terms)，它们彼此之间相互关联。二十四节气反映了天气变化，可以指导农业耕作，也影响着人们的生活。春秋战国时期，人们开始使用节气作为补充历法。公元前 104 年，二十四节气最终确立。众所周知，中国是一个有着悠久农业发展史的国家。农业生产受自然规律影响极大。在古代，农民根据太阳的运动安排农
32、业生产活动。二十四节气考虑到了太阳的位置，这就是我们重视它的原因。 （分数：20.00）_3.在中国，人们在农历的正月十五庆祝元宵节(the Lantern Festival)，这一天是农历(the lunar year)新年庆祝活动的最后一天。元宵节期间，孩子们晚上带着纸灯笼去大街上猜灯谜(riddles)。在古代，灯笼相当简单，只有皇帝和贵族才拥有硕大华丽的灯笼。到了近代，人们设计了很多复杂的灯笼。灯笼现在经常被制作成动物的形状。灯笼象征着人们放飞过去的自我，以重获新生。灯笼几乎都是红色的，象征着好运。 （分数：14.00）_4.中国制造长期以来，中国制造一直是 偷工减料 (corner-
33、cutting)和廉价商品的同义词。过去，几乎没有哪个西方奢侈品品牌愿意承认自己是在中国生产的。不过，由于很多中国本土的品牌专注于高质量的做工，集传统元素与精致设计于一体，人们的这一观念正在慢慢改变。高端女装品牌 王汁 (Uma Wang)、女鞋品牌 贞 (Mary Ching)和男装品牌 七匹狼 (Septwolves)等就属于这类中国品牌。这些品牌开始吸引中国庞大的奢侈品消费群体中那些最前卫的(avant-garde)时尚人士。 （分数：20.00）_5.泼水节(the Water-Splashing Festival)通常是在阳历(solar calendar)四月中旬，一般会持续三至七
34、天。除了泼水，泼水节还有很多其他的习俗。无论男女老少，都穿戴整齐，大家结队去爬山、采野花、做花屋。在这一天，人们还会放飞孔明灯(Kongming lamp)以纪念古代三国时期(Three Kingdoms Period)的诸葛亮。此外，在节日里，人们会隆重地装点自己的居所，每户人家的门框和窗户上都贴上了各种剪纸。城区的主要街道上搭起牌坊，顶端站着象征幸福吉祥的金孔雀。 （分数：16.00）_6.中国经济已经出现了明显的结构改善的迹象。一方面， 贸易顺差 (trade surplus)出现了明显而持续的下降，其主要原因不是出口的放缓，而是进口的加速；另一方面，居民消费占国内生产总值的比重从200
35、7 年开始就持续上升。这些结构调整方面的明显改进应归功于市场，是市场的力量推动结构调整。中国经济应该 坚定不移地 (unswervingly)沿着 市场化 (marketalization)方向走下去。 （分数：20.00）_7.火锅在一个寒冷的冬天里，如果和朋友或者家人在一起吃令人喜欢的火锅是多么惬意的事情。火锅是由中间是一个烟囱和有四周环绕热水组成的木炭火炉。火锅在中国北方已经有 1000 多年的历史。火锅在唐朝的时候已经相当普及，而且清朝的皇帝乾隆和嘉庆这样至高无上的统治者也喜欢火锅的美味。据史料记载，嘉庆皇帝在 1795 年登基的时候，在宴会上用火锅招待了到场的各国客人。在不同的区域流
36、行不同的火锅，有不同的风味。特别值得一提的是两种火锅：羊肉火锅和热汤火锅。 （分数：20.00）_8.郑和下西洋公元 1405 年 7 月 11 日，地球蓝色的海洋上出现了一支庞大的船队，前后有 208 艘船，这是有史以来最大的一支船队，船上所载的各类人员有 27500 多人，也是有史以来最多的航海人员。船队由一位叫郑和的人统帅。船队带着中国这个古老国家的瓷器、丝绸、茶叶等数不尽的珍奇，穿越南海、 马六甲海峡 (the Strait of Malacca)，横跨印度洋，到达亚洲、非洲的很多国家。在此后的 28 年间，郑和一共六次下西洋，随船人员共计 10 万多人，访问了 30 多个国家。 （分
37、数：20.00）_9.造纸术东汉 (Eastern Han Dynasty)末年，蔡伦的造纸术被广泛应用。到了公元 3 至 5 世纪的 两晋时期 (period of Eastern and Western Jin Dynasties)，人们开始在纸上写字，并由此发展出写在纸上的书法艺术。中国的造纸术先后传到了现在的越南、朝鲜和日本。公元 7 世纪左右，又传到了印度。造纸术还通过陆上丝绸之路传到了西亚和欧洲。欧洲的造纸业大致从公元 12 世纪开始，在这之前，欧洲人主要使用羊皮等来书写，据说书写一本圣经需要 300 多张羊皮，可见其昂贵程度。造纸业的兴盛开创了人类文明的新纪元。 （分数：20.0
38、0）_10.端午节的习俗农历五月初五是端午节，这个节日在中国已有两千多年的历史。端午节起源于对伟大爱国诗人屈原的 纪念 (commemorate)活动。千百年来，人们用吃粽子和赛龙舟这两种形式来庆祝这个节日。粽子是端午节最受欢迎的食物。如今，粽子有各种各样的形状和馅料。赛龙舟是这个节日必不可少的一部分，在河流湖泊众多的南方更是如此。更重要的是，端午节也是一个爱国节日，会提醒人们忠于国家和为国奉献的重要意义。现在，龙舟比赛已经在世界各地流行开来。 （分数：20.00）_大学英语六级分类模拟题 439 答案解析(总分：261.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总
39、题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section B(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Google“s Plan for World“s Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy or Act of Piracy?AIn recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10 million titles from librarie
40、s in America and Europeincluding half a million volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact method it uses is unclear; the company does not allow outsiders to observe the process. Why is Google undertaking such a venture? BWhy is it even interested in all those out-of-print library books, most
41、 of which have been gathering dust on forgotten shelves for decades? The company claims its motives are essentially public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to “organise the world“s information“, so it would be odd if that information did not include books. The company likes to present it
42、self as having lofty aspirations. “This really isn“t about making money. We are doing this for the good of society.“ As Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: “By making it possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the frontiers of human kno
43、wledge.“ CDan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his conviction that this is primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. “Google“s core business is search and find, so obviously what helps improve Google“s search engine is good for Google,“ he says. “But we have never bu
44、ilt a spreadsheet (电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have never had to justify the amount I am spending to the company“s founders.“ DIt is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by their missionary passion. But Google“s book-scanning project is proving con
45、troversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two sets of criticisms at Google. EFirst, they have questioned whether
46、the primary responsibility for digitally archiving the world“s books should be allowed to fall to a commercial company. In a recent essay in the New York Review of Books , Robert Darnton, the head of Harvard University“s library, argued that because such books are a common resourcethe possession of us allonly public, not-for-profit bodies should be given the power to control them. FThe second related criticism is that Google“s scanning of books is actually illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle whose scope and complex
