1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 381 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Volcanoes are the ultimate earth-moving machinery. Eruptions have rifted continents, raised mountain chains, constructed islands and shaped the topography of the earth. The entire ocean floor has a basement of volcanic b
2、asalt. Volcanoes have not only made the continents, they are also thought to have made the world“s first stable atmosphere and provided all the water for the oceans, rivers and ice-caps. There are now about 600 active volcanoes. Every year they add two or three cubic kilometers of rock to the contin
3、ents. Imagine a similar number of volcanoes smoking away for the last 3,500 million years. That is enough rock to explain the continental crust. What comes out of volcanic craters is mostly gas. More than 90% of this gas is water vapor from the deep earth: enough to explain, over 3,500 million years
4、, the water in the oceans. The rest of the gas is nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, methane, ammonia and hydrogen. The quantity of these gases, again multiplied over 3,500 million years, is enough to explain the mass of the world“s atmosphere. We are alive because volcanoes provided the soi
5、l, air and water we need. Geologists consider the earth as having a molten core, surrounded by a semi-molten mantle and a brittle, outer skin. It helps to think of a soft-boiled egg with a runny yolk, a firm but squishy white and a hard shell. If the shell is even slightly cracked during boiling, th
6、e white material bubbles out and sets like a tiny mountain chain over the cracklike an archipelago of volcanic islands such as the Hawaiian Islands. But the earth is so much bigger and the mantle below is so much hotter. Even though the mantle rocks are kept solid by overlying pressure, they can sti
7、ll slowly “flow“ like thick treacle. The flow, thought to be in the form of convection currents, is powerful enough to fracture the “eggshell“ of the crust into plates, and keep them bumping and grinding against each other, or even overlapping, at the rate of a few centimeters a year. These fracture
8、 zones, where the collisions occur, are where earthquakes happen. And, very often, volcanoes.（分数：20.00）(1).Why volcanoes are both significant to the globe and to human beings?（分数：4.00）A.Volcanoes motivate earth to move on.B.Volcanoes make continents, air and water.C.Volcanoes are part of nature.D.Th
9、e destruction of volcanoes is powerful.(2).What accounts for a large proportion among those things which volcanic craters bring out?（分数：4.00）A.Water.B.Gas.C.Soil.D.Ocean.(3).What rhetorical device does the writer used to describe earth?（分数：4.00）A.Contrast.B.Exaggeration.C.Comparison.D.Personificatio
10、n.(4).Where do volcanoes and earthquakes often occur?（分数：4.00）A.Those zones which are easily have a collision.B.Those zones which are located alongside shores.C.Far away from oceans.D.The molten core.(5).Which of the following is mentioned according to the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Different types of volca
11、nic eruption.B.Efforts to predict volcanic eruption.C.Disaster caused by volcanic eruption.D.Causes of volcanic eruption.Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “ untaught minds “ to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legen
12、d would have it, look at the mold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer;
13、 even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goaland so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovators and ot
14、hers is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions; professional innovators see as solid possibilities. “Creative thinking may mean simply t
15、he realization that There“s no particular virtue in doing things the way they have always been done,“ wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come
16、 nobody thought of that before?“ The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simpl
17、est route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.（分数：20.00）(1).The phrase “untaught mind“ (Line 1,
18、 Para.1) is closest in meaning to _.（分数：4.00）A.those people who receive less educationB.young peopleC.lazy peopleD.football players(2).What does the author use to compare with creativity?（分数：4.00）A.Education.B.Music.C.Cheese.D.Football.(3).What is the major difference between inventors and ordinary
19、people?（分数：4.00）A.Inventors possess more creative thinking.B.Common people are more likely to focus on daily issues.C.The way they deal with ideas.D.Inventors receive higher education.(4).Why does the author mention Rudolph Flesch in paragraph 3?（分数：4.00）A.To state a new topic.B.To further illustrat
20、e the ideas giving in paragraph 2.C.To make a comparison and contrast with previous examples.D.To introduce an authoritative linguists.(5).Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Ordinary people would like to set out an easy way.B.Innovators are both painstaking and cr
21、eative.C.What appears to be true does not mean the same.D.If they may be guided to dead ends, innovators will choose not to seek challenges.DNA fingerprinting is used to determine where particular genetic material came from, that is what person or group of people“s material is mostly likely to come
22、from. Only 1% of our DNA differs from other individuals since 99% of human DNA is identical. That 1% though can allow scientists to differentiate its origin. DNA fingerprinting is most commonly used to determine our heredity. When used alongside more traditional sociological methodologies, DNA finge
23、rprinting can be used to find out exactly where we came from, in some cases, which tribe. However, DNA fingerprinting cannot discriminate between identical twins. Most people are aware of the use of DNA fingerprinting in forensic medicine. Samples gathered at a crime scene can be compared with the D
24、NA of a suspect to prove his or her presence at or involvement with the crime. The problem is that DNA bases only hold the DNA of people who have already been convicted of a crime. They do not contain the DNA of whole populations so it impossible to use this technique to track down suspects that are
25、 nor present in the database. However this might change. If governments replace photograph ID cards to that of DNA fingerprint ID cards, then it will be far easier to track down anyone within a nation“s population. DNA fingerprinting can also help us to predict our future health. It is often used to
26、 track down the genetic basis of inherited diseases. If there is a particular, recurring pattern in different patients, scientists can narrow down which gene or genes might be involved. It can also be used to screen parents and fetuses for the presence of inherited abnormalities, such as Huntington“
27、s disease or muscular dystrophy, so appropriate advice can be given and precautions taken as needed. The use of DNA fingerprinting and genetic screening is fast in changing society and the way we treat illnesses, track down criminals and soon, identify the public. It is a science that has dramatical
28、ly changed society and continues to make great contributions to health and science in all fields.（分数：20.00）(1).What is the main purpose of DNA fingerprinting?（分数：4.00）A.To distinguish people from different countries.B.To analyze the evolvement of human beings.C.To observe the development of genes.D.
29、To identify who probably possesses a certain genetic.(2).Which one of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Only two percent of human DNA attributes to the difference.B.Identical twins are unable to be distinguished by DNA fingerprinting.C.Only by applying method of DNA fingerpri
30、nting can we identify where people come from.D.DNA fingerprinting is simply used to identify our heredity.(3).Why is it more convenient for government to replace photograph ID cards with DNA fingerprint ID cards?（分数：4.00）A.Because DNA fingerprinting can only trace those people who have committed cri
31、mes.B.Because photograph ID cards are out of date.C.Because government is likely to popularize the use of fingerprint ID cards.D.Because fingerprinting ID cards cost more money.(4).The word “precautions“ (Line 6, Para.4) is closest in meaning to _.（分数：4.00）A.careB.conclusionsC.safeguardsD.impasses(5
32、).How does fingerprinting affect society?（分数：4.00）A.In the way that we figure out criminals, treat diseases and other aspects.B.It provides a new perspective to reflect on human beings.C.Fingerprinting is an effective way to differentiate people“s origin.D.It motivates people to explore more about t
33、he world.Historians can trace the foundations of plastic surgery as far back as about 2,600 years ago to ancient India where facial surgery were carried out. The techniques were recorded in the early Hindu texts and were used primarily on soldiers injured during conflict. The birth of cosmetic recon
34、structive surgery truly occurred many hundreds of years later, and over the past ten years plastic surgery has become very popular with more and more people refusing to grow old gracefully. It is however not limited to young women considering the fact eating disorders are on the rise among young men
35、; men and women alike are interested in cosmetic surgery and it even gains popularity in mainstream culture. It seems that no longer are people judged on their abilities alone but on their appearance, and more and more of people are choosing to go under the knife in an effort to shape themselves int
36、o an objective and arbitrary ideal beauty. The “image“ of beauty portrayed by the media is usually related to the objectives, young, very slim, and most often white. Having a body weight of 15% below normal for one“s height, age and weight is considered ideal. In other words people should be anorexi
37、c to meet the media“s image of beauty. The message is that only their imposed image of beauty is acceptable, and those who are larger, shorter, thicker, or browner are not. This ideal image and weight, however, is unattainable for 99% of women. Ironically, most images of models appearing on magazine
38、s have been airbrushed to perfection to attain that “perfect“ image of beauty. Sadly, for many people, the quest for beauty has turned into an all-out obsession. Unsurprisingly, the newfound obsession is a convenient marketing tool because 99% of the female population is not satisfied with their app
39、earance and therefore will be more likely to buy slimming, cosmetics or turn to plastic surgery. The dieting industry makes an incredible $33 billion a year. The industry uses media to keep people thinking that they should maintain the slender or even skinny shape. This image of beauty is simply una
40、ttainable and the desire for it will never be met so the demand for the industry will never decrease. And the very industries that profit from fueling inadequacy, a feeling of not being good enough, will continue to prosper.（分数：20.00）(1).Plastic surgery was mainly provided for _ at first.（分数：4.00）A.
41、kingsB.queensC.injured soldiersD.historians(2).The word “mainstream“ (Line 5, Para.2) is closest in meaning to _.（分数：4.00）A.dominatedB.worldwideC.standardD.maternal(3).What is the ideal image of beauty in the perspective of the mass media according to the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Tall, strong and white.B.
42、Elegant, healthy and white.C.Short, thick and brown.D.Young, slim and white.(4).What is the author“s attitude to the ideal image of beauty portrayed by media?（分数：4.00）A.Positive.B.Neutral.C.Not clear.D.Negative.(5).Why the mass media portrayed the ideal image in such way according to the passage?（分数
43、：4.00）A.Because the mass media are expected to satisfy audiences.B.Because it motivates females to pursue “the best“ so that businessmen could make money from the industry.C.Because it gives women more confidence in themselves.D.Because the quest for beauty lies in everyone“s heart.Genetic Engineeri
44、ng is a radical and rapidly developing technology that touches our lives through its application in medicine, forensics, industry and agriculture. Through this science humans are fast in becoming the architects of life but there are those who warn against the unknown dangers of playing God while oth
45、ers see its benefits in our fight against disease and the production of abundant food supplies. In the past 50 years, plant and animal production has increased dramatically. Today, the human population is the largest it has ever been and fortunately we produce more food per capita than ever before.
46、Despite the fact that we have enough food for every single human being to have an adequate diet, about 1 billion people still suffer from malnutrition and hunger. A lot of the increase in food production is attributed to efficient farming methods and environmental factors such as irrigation, pest an
47、d weed control but the largest contributing factor is modern plant and animal breeding. So what are GM foods and what are the concerns for the consumer? The main difference between GM foods and traditional breeding methods is the direct modification or manipulation of certain genes, Traditional meth
48、ods involve mixing thousands of genes whereas genetic modification allows just one individual gene, or a small number of genes, to be inserted into a plant, or animal. The benefits of GM foods are enormous. Genetic modification can be used to give crops immunity to plant viruses or to improve the nu
49、tritional value of a plant. In animals intended for food, genetic modification could potentially increase how fast and how big they grow. Starvation on any part of the planet could be a thing of the past as we could control the yield, varieties and size of foods and produce strains that are resistant to pests, are extreme in temperature and are tolerant to herbicides. Opponents of GM foods however consider their production to be the world“s biggest uncontrolled biological experiment, a disaster waiting to happen. The biggest concerns are the effects that an uncontrolled g
