1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 369 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Australia has been unusual in the Western world in having a very conservative attitude to natural or alternative therapies, according to Dr Paul Laver, a lecturer in Public Health at the University of Sydney. “We“ve had
2、a tradition of doctors being fairly powerful and I guess they are pretty loath to allow pretenders to their position to come into it.“ In many other industrialised countries, orthodox and alternative medicine have worked “hand in glove“ for years. In Europe, only orthodox doctors can prescribe herba
3、l medicine. In Germany, plant remedies account for 10% of the national turnover of pharmaceuticals. Americans made more visits to alternative therapists than to orthodox doctors in 1990, and each year they spend about $12 billion on therapies that have not been scientifically tested. Disenchantment
4、with orthodox medicine has seen the popularity of alternative therapies in Australia climb steadily during the past 20 years. In a 1983 national health survey, 1.9% of people said they had contacted a chiropractor, naturopath, osteopath, acupuncturist or herbalist in the two weeks prior to the surve
5、y. By 1990, this figure had risen to 2.6% of the population. The 550,000 consultations with alternative therapists reported in the 1990 survey represented about an eighth of the total number of consultations with medically qualified personnel covered by the survey, according to Dr Laver and colleagu
6、es writing in the Australian Journal of Public Health in 1993. “A better educated and less accepting public has become disillusioned with the experts in general and increasingly sceptical about science and empirically based knowledge,“ they said. “The high standing of professionals including doctors
7、, has been eroded as a consequence.“ Rather than resisting or criticizing this trend, increasing numbers of Australian doctors, particularly younger ones, are forming group practices with alternative therapists or taking course themselves, particularly in acupuncture and herbalism. Part of the incen
8、tive was financial, Dr Laver said. “The bottom line is that most general practitioners are business people. If they see potential clientele going elsewhere, they might want to be able to offer a similar service.“ In 1993, Dr Laver and his colleagues published a survey of 289 Sydney people who attend
9、ed eight alternative therapists“ practices in Sydney. These practices offered a wide range of alternative therapies from 25 therapists. Those surveyed had experienced chronic illnesses, for which orthodox medicine had been able to provide little relief. They commented that they like the holistic app
10、roach of their alternative therapists and the friendly, concerned and detailed attention they had received. The cold, impersonal manner of orthodox doctors featured in the survey. An increasing exodus form their clinics, coupled with this and a number of other relevant surveys carried out in Austral
11、ia, all pointing to orthodox doctors“ inadequacies, have led mainstream doctors themselves to begin to admit they could learn from the personal style of alternative therapists. Dr Patrick Store, President of the Royal College of General Practitioners, concurs that orthodox doctors could learn a lot
12、about bedside manner and advising patients on preventative health from alternative therapists.（分数：20.00）(1).Traditionally, how have Australian doctors differed from doctors in many Western countries?（分数：4.00）A.They have worked closely with pharmaceutical companies.B.They have often worked alongside
13、other therapists.C.They have been reluctant to accept alternative therapists.D.They have regularly prescribed alternative remedies.(2).In 1990, Americans _.（分数：4.00）A.were prescribed more herbal medicines than in previous yearsB.consulted alternative therapists more often than doctorsC.spent more on
14、 natural therapists than orthodox medicinesD.made more complaints about doctors than in previous years(3).Which statement is true according to the second paragraph?（分数：4.00）A.Australians have been turning to alternative therapies in increasing numbers over the past century.B.Between 1983 and 1990 th
15、e number of patients visiting alternative therapists rose to a further 0.7% of the population.C.The 1990 survey related to 55,000 consultations with alternative therapistsD.In the past, Australians had a higher opinion of alternative therapists than they do today.(4).The word “incentive“ (Line 4, Pa
16、ra.3) may be replaced by _.（分数：4.00）A.concernB.advantageC.benefitD.motivation(5).Which of the following is not a reason for people to turn to alternative therapies?（分数：4.00）A.They paid much higher medical expenses for seeing doctors.B.Alternative therapists advised patients on preventative health.C.
17、Alternative therapists adopted the holistic approach.D.They received friendly, concerned and detailed attention from alternative therapists.“The world“s environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss.“ If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of compla
18、ints: from local smog (烟雾) to global climate change, from the felling (砍伐) of forests to the extinction of species. The list would largely be accurate, the concern legitimate. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise i
19、s how good things are, not how bad. After all, the world“s population has more than tripled during this century, and world output has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (o
20、r 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic and dangerous. But they don“t. The reasons why they don“t, and why the environment has not been ruined, have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in resp
21、onse to popular pressure. That is why today“s environmental problems in the poor countries ought, in principle, to be solvable. Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very ingenious
22、. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fal
23、len in real terms during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technolo
24、gy. The long-term trend has been downwards. It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign (良性的) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in cons
25、erving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.（分数：20.00）(1).According to the author, most students _.（分数：4.00）A.believe the world“s environment is in an undesirable conditionB.agree that the environment of the world is not as bad as it is thought to beC.get high marks for their good kn
26、owledge of the world“s environmentD.appear somewhat unconcerned about the state of the world“s environment(2).The huge increase in world production and population _.（分数：4.00）A.has made the world a worse place to live inB.has had a positive influence on the environmentC.has not significantly affected
27、 the environmentD.has made the world a dangerous place to live in(3).One of the reasons why the long-term trend of prices has been downwards is that _.（分数：4.00）A.technological innovation can promote social stabilityB.political instability will cause consumption to dropC.new farming and crop technolo
28、gy can lead to overproductionD.new sources are always becoming available(4).Fish resources are diminishing because _.（分数：4.00）A.no new substitutes can be found in large quantitiesB.they are not owned by any particular entityC.improper methods of fishing have mined the fishing groundsD.water pollutio
29、n is extremely serious(5).The primary solution to environmental problems is _.（分数：4.00）A.to allow market forces to operate properlyB.to curb consumption of natural resourcesC.to limit the growth of the world populationD.to avoid fluctuations in pricesBreeding in most organisms occurs during a part o
30、f the year only, and so a reliable cue is needed to trigger breeding behaviour. Day length is an excellent cue, because it provides a perfectly predictable pattern of change within a year. In the temperate zone in spring, temperatures fluctuate greatly from day to day, but day length increases stead
31、ily by a predictable amount. The seasonal impact of day length on physiological responses is called photoperiodism, and the amount of experimental evidence for this phenomenon is considerable. For example, some species of birds“ breeding can be induced even in midwinter simply by increasing day leng
32、th artificially (Wolfson 1964). Other examples of photoperiodism occur in plants. A short-day plant flowers when the day is less than a certain critical length. A long-day plant flowers after a certain critical day length is exceeded. In both cases the critical day length differs from species to spe
33、cies. Plants which flower after a period of vegetative growth, regardless of photoperiod, are known as day-neutral plants. Breeding seasons in animals such as birds have evolved to occupy the part of the year in which offspring have the greatest chances of survival. Before the breeding season begins
34、, food reserves must be built up to support the energy cost of reproduction, and to provide for young birds both when they are in the nest and after fledging. Thus many temperate-zone birds use the increased day lengths in spring as a cue to begin the nesting cycle, because this is a point when adeq
35、uate food resources will be assured. The adaptive significance of photoperiodism in plane is also clear. Short-day plane that flower in spring in the temperate zone are adapted to maximising seedling growth during the growing season. Long-day plants are adapted for situations that require fertilizat
36、ion by insects, or a long period of seed ripening. Short-day plane that flower in the autumn in the temperate zone are able to build up food reserves over the growing season and over winter as seeds. Day-neutral plane have an evolutionary advantage when the connection between the favourable period f
37、or reproduction and day length is much less certain. For example, desert annuals germinate, flower and seed whenever suitable rainfall occurs, regardless of the day length. The breeding season of some plants can be delayed to extraordinary lengths. Bamboos are perennial grasses that remain in a vege
38、tative state for many years and then suddenly flower, fruit and die (Evans 1976). Every bamboo of the species Chusquea abietifolio on the island of Jamaica flowered, set seed and died during 1884. The next generation of bamboo flowered and died between 1916 and 1918, which suggests a vegetative cycl
39、e of about 31 years. The climatic trigger for this flowering cycle is not-yet known, but the adaptive significance is clear. The simultaneous production of masses of bamboo seeds (in some cases lying 12 to 15 centimetres deep on the ground) is more than all the seed-eating animals can cope with at t
40、he time, so that some seeds escape being eaten and grow up to form the next generation (Evans 1976).（分数：20.00）(1).Day length is a useful cue for breeding in areas where _.（分数：4.00）A.temperatures are highB.temperatures are lowC.temperatures are unpredictableD.rainfalls are unpredictable(2).Day-neutra
41、l plants refer to plants which _.（分数：4.00）A.grow fast in the middle of the dayB.are not affected by day lengthC.have a short growth periodD.grow at a constant speed both in the daytime and at night(3).Why do temperate-zone birds choose spring as a signal to start the nesting cycle?（分数：4.00）A.Because
42、 there are sufficient food at this time.B.Because the temperature is moderate at this time.C.Because the materials to build nests are available at this time.D.Because there are not a lot of their predators at this time.(4).What do desert annuals respond to as a signal for reproduction?（分数：4.00）A.Day
43、 length.B.Sunshine.C.Temperature.D.Rainfall.(5).Which of the followings is an example of the plants whose breeding season can be delayed for a very long time?（分数：4.00）A.Shade-tolerant plants.B.Bamboos.C.Day-neutral plants.D.Desert annuals.When global warming finally came it stuck with a vengeance (异
44、乎寻常地). In some regions temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America Europe and Asia. After driving
45、 many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was fanning: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10000 years
46、 ago. As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the pastand how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece toge
47、ther an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have been combined to change the planet“s environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years. Most important scientists are beginning to realize
48、that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution from the dawn of primates (灵长目动物) some 65 million years ago to human ancestors ri
49、sing up to walk on two legs from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, though some scientists argue that there are some instances having been driven by it. The new research has profound implications for he environmental summit in Rio. Among other things the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate changes is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign (宜人的) global environment that has existed over the past 10000 yearsduring which agricultural
