1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 319及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Texting has long been bemoaned(哀叹)as the downfall of the written word, “penmanship for illiterates,“ as one critic called it. To which the proper response is LOL. Texting properly isn“t writing at all. It“s a “spoken“ lan
2、guage that is getting richer and more complex by the year. First, some historical perspective. Writing was only invented 5,500 years ago, whereas language probably traces back at least 80,000 years. Thus talking came first; writing is just a craft that came along later. As such, the first writing wa
3、s based on the way people talk, with short sentences. However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow. Over time, writers took advantage of this and started crafting long-winded sentences such as this one: “The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, till the
4、 gradual retreat of the Persians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and.“ No one talks like that casuallyor should. But it is natural to desire to do so for special occasions. In the old days, we didn“t much write like talking becau
5、se there was no mechanism to repro-duce the speed of conversation. But texting and instant messaging doand a revolution has begun. It involves the crude mechanics of writing, but in its economy, spontaneity and even vulgarity, texting is actually a new kind of talking, with its own kind of grammar a
6、nd conventions. Take LOL. It doesn“t actually mean “laughing out loud“ in a literal sense anymore. LOL has evolved into something much subtler and sophisticated and is used even when nothing is remotely amusing. Jocelyn texts “where have you been?“ and Annabelle texts back “LOL at the library studyi
7、ng for two hours.“ LOL signals basic empathy (同感) between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality. Instead of having a literal meaning, it does somethingconveying an attitude just like the -ed ending conveys past tense rather than “meaning“ anything. LOL, of all things, is grammar.
8、Of course no one thinks about that consciously. But then most of communication operates with-out being noticed. Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression driftsmeat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not, blessed. Civilization, then, is finepeople banging away o
9、n their smartphones are fluently using a code separate from the one they use in actual writing, and there is no evidence that texting is ruining composition skills. Worldwide people speak differently from the way they write, and texting quick, casual and only intended to be read onceis actually a wa
10、y of talking with your fingers.（分数：17.50）(1).What do critics say about texting?（分数：3.50）A.It is mainly confined to youngsters.B.It competes with traditional writing.C.It will ruin the written language.D.It is often hard to understand.(2).In what way does the author say writing is different from talk
11、ing?（分数：3.50）A.It is crafted with specific skills.B.It expresses ideas more accurately.C.It does not have as long a history.D.It is not as easy to comprehend.(3).Why is LOL much used in texting?（分数：3.50）A.It brings texters closer to each other.B.It shows the texter“s sophistication.C.It is a trendy
12、way to communicate.D.It adds to the humor of the text.(4).Examples like meat and silly are cited to show _.（分数：3.50）A.the difference between writing and talkingB.how differently words are used in textingC.why people use the words the way they doD.the gradual change of word meaning(5).What does the a
13、uthor think of texting?（分数：3.50）A.It facilitates exchange of ideas among people.B.It is a new form of verbal communication.C.It deteriorates people“s composition skills.D.It hastens the decline of the written word.It“s possible to admire Oprah Winfrey and still wish Harvard hadn“t awarded her an hon
14、orary doctor of law degree and the commencement(毕业典礼) speaker spot at yesterday“s graduation. There“s no question Oprah“s achievements place her in the temple of American success stories. Talent, charm, and an exceptional work ethic have rarely hurled anyone as far as they have this former abused te
15、enage mother from rural Mississippi who became one of the world“s most successful entertainment icons and the first African-American female billionaire. Honorary degrees are often conferred on non-academic leaders in the arts, business, and politics. Harvard“s list in recent years has included Kofi
16、Annan, Bill Gates, Meryl Streep, and David Souter. But Oprah“s particular brand of celebrity is not a good fit for the values of a university whose mot-to(座右铭), Veritas, means truth. Oprah“s passionate advocacy extends, unfortunately, to a hearty embrace of fake science. Most notoriously, Oprah“s va
17、lidation of Jenny McCarthy“s claim that vaccines cause autism(自闭症)has no doubt contributed to much harm through the foolish avoidance of vaccines. Famous people are entitled to a few failings, like the rest of us, and the choice of commencement speakers often reflects a balance of institutional prio
18、rities and aspirations. Judging from our conversations with many students, Oprah was a widely popular choice. But this vote of confidence in Oprah sends a troubling message at precisely the time when American universities need to do more to advance the cause of reason. As former Dean of Harvard Coll
19、ege, Harry Lewis, noted in a blog post about his objections, “It seems very odd for Harvard to honor such a high profile popularizer of the irrational.at a time when political and religious nonsense so jeopardize the rule of reason in this allegedly enlightened democracy and around the world.“ As Am
20、erica“s oldest and most visible university, Harvard has a special opportunity to convey its respect for science not only through its research and teaching programs but also in its public affirmation of evidence-based inquiry. Unfortunately, many American universities seem awfully busy protecting the
21、ir brand name and not nearly busy enough protecting the pursuit of knowledge. A recent article in The Harvard Crimson noted the shocking growth of Harvard“s public relations arm in the last five years and it questioned whether a focus on risk management and avoiding controversy was really the best o
22、utward-looking face of this great institution. As American research universities begin to resemble profit centers and entertainment complexes, it“s easy to lose sight of their primary mission: to produce and spread knowledge. This mission depends on traditions of rational discourse and vigorous defe
23、nse of the scientific method. Oprah Winfrey“s honorary doctorate was a step in the wrong direction.（分数：17.50）(1).What do we learn about Oprah Winfrey from the passage?（分数：3.50）A.She was a distinguished graduate of Harvard School of Law.B.She worked her way to success in the entertainment industry.C.
24、She used to abuse her children when she was a young mother.D.She achieved her fame through persistent advocacy of fake science.(2).Why does the author deem it inappropriate for Harvard to confer an honorary degree on Oprah Winfrey?（分数：3.50）A.She did not specialize in the study of law.B.She was known
25、 as a supporter of fake science.C.She was an icon of the entertainment industry.D.She had not distinguished herself academically.(3).How did Harry Lewis react to Harvard“s decision in his blog post?（分数：3.50）A.He was strongly against it.B.He considered it unpopular.C.He thought it would help enhance
26、Harvard“s reputation.D.He thought it represented the will of the Harvard community.(4).What is the author“s regret about many American universities?（分数：3.50）A.They show inadequate respect for evidence-based inquiry.B.They fall short of expectations in teaching and research.C.They attach too much imp
27、ortance to public relations.D.They are tolerant of political and religious nonsense.(5).What does the author think a prestigious university like Harvard should focus on?（分数：3.50）A.Cultivation of student creativity.B.Defense of the scientific method.C.Liberation of the human mind.D.Pursuit of knowled
28、ge and truth.“Deep reading“as opposed to the often superficial reading we do on the Webis an endangered practice, one we ought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significant work of art. Its disappearance would jeopardize the intellectual and emotional development of gene
29、rations growing up online, as well as the preservation of a critical part of our culture: the novels, poems and other kinds of literature that can be appreciated only by readers whose brains, quite literally, have been trained to understand them. Recent research in cognitive science and psychology h
30、as demonstrated that deep readingslow, immersive, rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexityis a distinctive experience, different in kind from the mere decoding of words. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printe
31、d page are uniquely helpful to the deep reading experience. A book“s lack of hyperlinks (超链接), for example, frees the reader from making decisionsShould I click on this link or not? allowing her to remain fully immersed in the narrative. That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles langu
32、age rich in detail, indirect reference and figures of speech: by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous exercis
33、e for the brain, propelling us inside the heads of fictional characters and even, studies suggest, increasing our real-life capacity for empathy(认同). None of this is likely to happen when we“re browsing through a website. Although we call the activity by the same name, the deep leading of books and
34、the information-driven reading we do on the Web are very different, both in the experience they produce and in the capacities they develop. A growing body of evidence suggests that online reading may be less engaging and less satisfying, even for the “digital natives“ to whom it is so familiar. Last
35、 month, for example, Britain“s National Lite-racy Trust released the results of a study of 34,910 young people aged 8 to 16. Researchers re-ported that 39% of children and teens read daily using electronic devices, but only 28% read printed materials every day. Those who read only onscreen were thre
36、e times less likely to say they enjoy reading very much and a third less likely to have a favorite book. The study also found that young people who read daily only onscreen were nearly two times less likely to be above-average readers than those who read daily in print or both in print and onscreen.
37、（分数：17.50）(1).What does the author say about “deep reading“?（分数：3.50）A.It serves as a complement to online reading.B.It should be preserved before it is too late.C.It is mainly suitable for reading literature.D.It is an indispensable part of education.(2).Why does the author advocate the reading of
38、literature?（分数：3.50）A.It helps promote readers“ intellectual and emotional growth.B.It enables readers to appreciate the complexity of language.C.It helps readers build up immersive reading habits.D.It is quickly becoming an endangered practice.(3).In what way does printed-page reading differ from o
39、nline reading?（分数：3.50）A.It ensures the reader“s cognitive growth.B.It enables the reader to be fully engaged.C.It activates a different region of the brain.D.It helps the reader learn rhetorical devices.(4).What do the studies show about online reading?（分数：3.50）A.It gradually impairs one“s eyesight
40、.B.It keeps arousing readers“ curiosity.C.It provides up-to-date information.D.It renders reading less enjoyable.(5).What do we learn from the study released by Britain“s National Literacy Trust?（分数：3.50）A.Onscreen readers may be less competent readers.B.Those who do reading in print are less inform
41、ed.C.Young people find reading onscreen more enjoyable.D.It is now easier to find a favorite book online to read.Many current discussions of immigration issues talk about immigrants in general, as if they were abstract people in an abstract world. But the concrete differences between immigrants from
42、 different countries affect whether their coming here is good or bad for the American people. The very thought of formulating immigration laws from the standpoint of what is best for the American people seems to have been forgotten by many who focus on how to solve the problems of illegal immigratio
43、n. It is hard to look for “the ideal outcome“ on immigration in the abstract. Economics professor Milton Friedman once said, “The best is the enemy of the good,“ which to me meant that attempts to achieve an unattainable ideal can prevent us from reaching good outcomes that are possible in practice.
44、 Too much of our current immigration controversy is conducted in terms of abstract ideals, such as “We are a nation of immigrants.“ Of course we are a nation of immigrants. But we are also a nation of people who wear shoes. Does it follow that we should admit anybody who wears shoes? The immigrants
45、of today are very different from those who arrived here a hundred years ago. Moreover, the society in which they arrive is different. To me, it is better to build a wall around the welfare state than the country. But the welfare state is already hereand, far from having a wall built around it, the w
46、elfare state is expanding in all directions. We do not have a choice between the welfare state and open borders. Anything we try to do as regards immigration laws has to be done in the context of a huge welfare state that is already a major, inescapable fact of life. Among other facts of life utterl
47、y ignored by many advocates of de facto amnesty(事实上得大赦) is that the free international movement of people is different from free international trade in goods. Buying cars or cameras from other countries is not the same as admitting people from those countries or any other countries. Unlike inanimate
48、 objects, people have cultures and not all cultures are compatible with the culture in this country that has produced such benefits for the American people for so long. Not only the United States, but the Western world in general, has been discovering the hard way that admitting people with incompat
49、ible cultures is an irreversible decision with incalculable consequences. If we do not see that after recent terrorist attacks on the streets of Boston and Lon-don, when will we see it? “Comprehensive immigration reform“ means doing everything all together in a rush, without time to look before we leap, and basing ourselves on abstract notions about abstract people.（分数：17.50）(1).What does the author say about immigrants in America?（分数：3.50）A.They all hope to gain citizenship and enjoy the welfare.B.They come to America with different dreams and purposes.C.Their background m
