1、大学英语六级分类模拟题 317 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Economic inequality is the “defining challenge of our time,“ President Barack Obama declared in a speech last month to the Center for American Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn“t l
2、ook good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty. “In-creased inequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream.“ he said. Obama is only the most p
3、rominent public figure to declare inequality Public Enemy NO.1 and the greatest threat to reducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have also argued that it“s harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs(横档)in that ladder have grown father apart. For a
4、ll the new attention devoted to the I percent, a new datast from the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we“re vastly exaggerating the dangers of the rich-poor gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor o
5、f economic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data. So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economic ladder as adults? What explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of th
6、e 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely? Harvard economist Raj Chetty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density, the size of a community“s middle class, the quality of schools, communi
7、ty religiosity, and family structure, which he calls the “single strongest correlate of upward mobility.“ Chetty finds that communities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much more likely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, wit
8、h high levels of racial and economic segregation. Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of these factors. Based on my analyses of the data, of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobil
9、ity in a given community: 1. Per-capita(年均)income growth 2. Prevalence of single mothers (where correlation is strong, but negative) 3. Per-capita local government spending In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages of two-parent families, and high loc
10、al government spendingwhich may stand for good schoolsare the most likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger“s rags-to-riches story.（分数：17.50）(1).How does Obama view economic inequality?（分数：3.50）A.It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.B.It is the greatest threat to social stability.C
11、.It is the No. 1 enemy of income growth.D.It is the most malicious social evil of our time.(2).What do we learn about the inequality gap from Scott Winship“s data analysis?（分数：3.50）A.It is fast widening across most parts of America.B.It is not a reliable indicator of economic mobility.C.It is not co
12、rrectly interpreted.D.It is overwhelmingly ignored.(3).Compared with Atlanta, metropolitan Salt Lake City is said to _.（分数：3.50）A.have placed religious beliefs above party politicsB.have bridged the gap between the rich and the poorC.offer poor children more chances to climb the social ladderD.suffe
13、r from higher levels of racial and economic segregation(4).What is strongly correlated with social mobility according to economist Raj Chetty?（分数：3.50）A.Family structure.B.Racial equality.C.School education.D.Community density.(5).What does the author seem to suggest?（分数：3.50）A.It is important to in
14、crease the size of the middle class.B.It is highly important to expand the metropolitan areas.C.It is most imperative to focus our efforts on the elimination of income inequality.D.It is better to start from the community to help poor children move up the social ladder.Air pollution is deteriorating
15、 in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people long to breathe in green， open spaces. They do not all know what they are seeking but they flock there, nevertheless. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both
16、 peaceful and peaceable. It is rare to see people fighting in a garden. Perhaps struggle unfolds first, not at an economic or social level, but over the appropriation of air, essential to life itself. If human beings can breathe and share air, they don“t need to struggle with one another. Unfortunat
17、ely, in our western tradition, neither materialist nor idealist theoreticians give enough consideration to this basic condition for life. As for politicians, despite proposing curbs on environmental pollution, they have not yet caned for it to be made a crime. Wealthy countries are even allowed to p
18、ollute if they pay for it. But is our life worth anything other than money? The plant world shows us in silence what faithfulness to life consists of. It also helps us to a new beginning, urging us to care for our breath, not only at a vital but also at a spiritual level. The interdependence to whic
19、h we must pay the closest attention is that which exists between ourselves and the plant world. Often described as “the lungs of the planet“, the woods that cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen. But their capacity to renew the air polluted by industry has long reac
20、hed its limit. If we lack the air necessary for a healthy life, it is because we have filled it with chemicals and undercut the ability of plants to regenerate it. As we know, rapid deforestation combined with the massive burning of fossil fuels is an explosive recipe for an irreversible disaster. T
21、he fight over the appropriation of resources will lead the entire planet to hell unless humans learn to share life. both with each other and with plants. This task is simultaneously ethical and litical because it can be discharged only when each takes it upon herself, or himself and only when it is
22、accomplished together with others. The lesson taught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere of the living, while dividing life into so-called natural or human resources diminishes it. We must come to view the air, the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the preservati
23、on of life and growth, rather than a web of quantifiable objects or productive potentialities at our disposal. Perhaps then we would finally begin to live, rather than being concerned with bare survival.（分数：17.50）(1).What does the author assume might be the primary reason that people would struggle
24、with each other?（分数：3.50）A.To get their share of clean air.B.To pursue a comfortable life.C.To gain a higher social status.D.To seek economic benefits.(2).What does the author accuse western politicians of?（分数：3.50）A.Depriving common people of the right to clean air.B.Giving priority to theory rathe
25、r than practical action.C.Offering preferential treatment to wealthy countries.D.Failing to pass laws to curb environmental pollution.(3).What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?（分数：3.50）A.The massive burning of fossil fuels.B.Our relationship to the plant world.C.The capacity to p
26、lants to renew polluted air.D.Large-scale deforestation across the world.(4).How can human beings accomplish the goal of protecting the planet according to the author?（分数：3.50）A.By showing respect for plants.B.By preserving all forms of life.C.By tapping all natural resources.D.By pooling their effo
27、rts together.(5).What does the author suggest we do in order not just to survive?（分数：3.50）A.Expand the sphere of living.B.Develop nature“s potentials.C.Share life with nature.D.Allocate the resources.Early decisionyou apply to one school, and admission is bindingseems like a great choice for nervous
28、 applicants. Schools let in a higher percentage of early-decision applicants, which arguably means that you have a better chance of getting in. And if you do, you“re done with the whole agonizing process by December. But what most students and parents don“t realize is that schools have hidden motive
29、s for offering early decision. Early decision, since it“s binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students; it allows admissions committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come. It also gives schools a higher yi
30、eld rate, which is often used as one of the ways to measure college selectivity and popularity. The problem is that this process effectively shortens the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point. Under regular admissions, seniors have u
31、ntil May 1 to choose which school to attend; early decision effectively steals six months from them, months that could be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni(校友)and arguably make a more informed decision. There are, frankly, an astonishing number of exc
32、eptional colleges and universities in America, and for any given student, there are a number of schools that are a great fit. When students become too fixated(专注)on a particular school early in the admissions process that fixation can lead to severe disappointment if they don“t get in or, if they do
33、, the possibility that they are now bound to go to a school that, given time for further reflection, may not actually be right for them. Insofar as early decision offers a genuine admissions edge, that advantage goes largely to students who already have numerous advantages. The students who use earl
34、y decision tend to be those who have received higher-quality college guidance, usually a result of coming from a more privileged background. In this regard, there“s an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissions know-how to navig
35、ate the often confusing early deadlines. Students who have done their research and are confident that there“s one school they would be thrilled to get into should, under the current system, probably apply under early decision. But for students who haven“t yet done enough research“ or who are still c
36、onstantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early-decision system needlessly and prematurely narrows the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.（分数：17.50）(1).What are students obliged to do under early decision
37、?（分数：3.50）A.Look into a lot of schools before they apply.B.Attend the school once they are admitted.C.Think twice before they accept the offer.D.Consult the current students and alumni.(2).Why do schools offer early decision?（分数：3.50）A.To make sure they get qualified students.B.To avoid competition
38、with other colleges.C.To provide more opportunities for applicants.D.To save students the agony of choosing a school.(3).What is said to be the problem with early decisions for students?（分数：3.50）A.It makes their application process more complicated.B.It places too high a demand on their research abi
39、lity.C.It allows them little time to make informed decisions.D.It exerts much more psychological pressure on them.(4).Why are some people opposed to early decisions?（分数：3.50）A.It interferes with students learning in high school.B.It is biased against students at ordinary high schools.C.It causes unn
40、ecessary confusion among college applicants.D.It places students from lower-income families at a disadvantage.(5).What does the author advise college applicants to do?（分数：3.50）A.Refrain from competing with students from privileged families.B.Avoid choosing early decision unless they are fully prepar
41、ed.C.Find sufficient information about their favorite schools.D.Look beyond the few supposedly thrilling options.I“ll admit I“ve never quite understood the obsession(难以破除的成见)surrounding genetically modified (GM)crops. To environmentalist opponents, GM foods are simply evil, an understudied, possibly
42、 harmful tool used by big agricultural businesses to control global seed markets and crush local farmers. They argue that GM foods have never delivered on their supposed promise, that money spent on GM crops would be better channeled to organic farming and that consumers should be protected with war
43、ning labels on any products that contain genetically modified ingredients. To supporters, GM crops are a key part of the effort to sustainably provide food to meet a growing global population. But more than that, supporters see the GM opposition of many environmentalists as fundamentally anti-scienc
44、e, no different than those who question the basics of man-made climate change. For both sides, GM foods seem to act as a symbol: you“re pro-agricultural business or anti-science. But science is exactly what we need more of when it comes to GM foods, which is why I was happy to see Nature devote a sp
45、ecial series of articles to the GM food controversy. The conclusion: while GM crops haven“t yet realized their initial promise and have been dominated by agricultural businesses, there is reason to continue to use and develop them to help meet the enormous challenge of sustainably feeding a growing
46、planet. That doesn“t mean GM crops are perfect, or a one-size-fits-all solution to global agriculture problems. But anything that can increase farming efficiencythe amount of crops we can produce per acre of landwill be extremely useful. GM crops can and almost certainly will be part of that suite o
47、f tools, but so will traditional plant breeding, improved soil and crop managementand per-haps most important of all, better storage and transport infrastructure (基础设施), especially in the developing world. (It doesn“t do much good for farmers in places like sub-Sahatan Africa to produce more food if
48、 they can“t get it to hungry consumers.) I“d like to see more non-industry research done on GM cropsnot just because we“d worry less about bias, but also because seed companies like Monsanto and Pioneer shouldn“t be the only entities working to harness genetic modification. I“d like to see GM resear
49、ch on less commercial crops, like corn. I don“t think it“s vital to label GM ingredients in food, but I also wouldn“t be against itand industry would be smart to go along with labeling, just as a way of removing fears about the technology. Most of all, though, I wish a tenth of the energy that“s spent endlessly debating GM crops was focused on those more pressing challenges for global agriculture. There are much bigger battles to fight.（分数：17.50）(1).How do environmentalist opponents view GM foods according to the passage?（分数：3.50）A.They will eventually ruin agriculture and the en
