1、大学英语六级 94及答案解析(总分：448.02，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter on Food Safety to a Publishing House. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 假设你的同学因食用从某超市买回的
2、食品而食物中毒，后经治疗康复，请给报社写一封信，描述他（们）的中毒与脱险经过，呼吁社会各界重视食品安全。 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Cross-Cultural Communication Challenges Definition of Culture We all communicate with others all the timein our homes, in our workplaces, in the groups we belong to, and in the community. No matter how
3、 well we think we understand each other, communication is hard. Just think, for example, how often we hear things like, “He doesnt get it,“ or “She didnt really hear what I meant to say.“ “Culture“ is often at the root of communication challenges. Our culture influences how we approach problems, and
4、 how we participate in groups and in communities. When we participate in groups we are often surprised at how differently people approach their work together. Culture is a complex concept, with many different definitions. But, simply put, “culture“ refers to a group or community with which we share
5、common experiences that shape the way we understand the world. It includes groups that we are born into, such as gender, race, or national origin. It also includes groups we join or become part of. For example, we can acquire a new culture by moving to a new region, by a change in our economic statu
6、s, or by becoming disabled. When we think of culture this broadly, we realize we all belong to many cultures at once. Our histories are a critical piece of our cultures. Historical experienceswhether of five years ago or of ten generations backshape who we are. Knowledge of our history can help us u
7、nderstand ourselves and one another better. Exploring the ways in which various groups within our society have related to each other is key to opening channels for cross-cultural communication. Six Fundamental Patterns of Cultural Differences As people from different cultural groups take on the exci
8、ting challenge of working together, cultural values sometimes conflict. We can misunderstand each other, and react in ways that can hinder what are otherwise promising partnerships. Oftentimes, we arent aware mat culture is acting upon us. Sometimes, we are not even aware that we have cultural value
9、s or assumptions that are different from others! -Different Communication Styles The way people communicate varies widely between, and even within, cultures. One aspect of communication style is language usage. Across cultures, some words and phrases are used in different ways. For example, even in
10、countries that share the English language, the meaning of “yes“ varies from “maybe, Ill consider it“ to “definitely so,“ with many shades in between. Another major aspect of communication style is the degree of importance given to non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication includes not only
11、facial expressions and gestures; it also involves seating arrangements, personal distance, and sense of time. In addition, different norms regarding the appropriate degree of assertiveness in communicating can add to cultural misunderstandings. For instance, some white Americans typically consider r
12、aised voices to be a sign that a fight has begun, while some black, Jewish and Italian Americans often feel that an increase in volume is a sign of an exciting conversation among friends. Thus, some white Americans may react with greater alarm to a loud discussion than would members of some American
13、 ethnic or non-white racial groups. -Different Attitudes Toward Conflict Some cultures view conflict as a positive thing, while others view it as something to be avoided. In the U.S., conflict is not usually desirable; but people often are encouraged to deal directly with conflicts that do arise. In
14、 fact, face-to-face meetings customarily are recommended as the way to work through whatever problems exist. In contrast, in many Eastern countries, open conflict is experienced as embarrassing or demeaning; as a rule, differences are best worked out quietly. A written exchange might be the favored
15、means to address me conflict. -Different Approaches to Completing Tasks From culture to culture, there are different ways that people move toward completing tasks. Some reasons include different access to resources, different judgments of the rewards associated with task completion, different notion
16、s of time, and varied ideas about how relationship-building and task-oriented work should go together. When it comes to working together effectively on a task, cultures differ with respect to the importance placed on establishing relationships early on in the collaboration. A case in point, Asian an
17、d Hispanic cultures tend to attach more value to developing relationships at the beginning of a shared project and more emphasis on task completion toward the end as compared with European-Americans. European-Americans tend to focus immediately on the task at hand, and let relationships develop as t
18、hey work on the task. This does not mean that people from any one of these cultural backgrounds are more or less committed to accomplishing the task, or value relationships more or less; it means they may pursue them differently. -Different Decision-Making Styles The roles individuals play in decisi
19、on-making vary widely from culture to culture. For example, in the U.S., decisions are frequently delegatedthat is, an official assigns responsibility for a particular matter to a subordinate. In many Southern European and Latin American countries, there is a strong value placed on holding decision-
20、making responsibilities oneself. When decisions are made by groups of people, majority rule is a common approach in the U.S.; in Japan consensus is the preferred mode. Be aware that individuals expectations about their own roles in shaping a decision may be influenced by their cultural frame of refe
21、rence. -Different Attitudes Toward Disclosure In some cultures, it is not appropriate to be frank about emotions, about the reasons behind a conflict or a misunderstanding, or about personal information. Keep this in mind when you are in a dialogue or when you are working with others. When you are d
22、ealing with a conflict, be mindful that people may differ in what they feel comfortable revealing. Questions that may seem natural to youWhat was the conflict about? What was your role in the conflict? What was the sequence of events?may seem intrusive to others. The variation among cultures in atti
23、tudes toward disclosure is also something to consider before you conclude that you have an accurate reading of the views, experiences, and goals of the people with whom you are working. -Different Approaches to Knowing Notable differences occur among cultural groups when it comes to epistemologies (
24、认识论)that is, the ways people come to know things. European cultures tend to consider information acquired through cognitive means, such as counting and measuring, more valid than other ways of coming to know things. Compare that to African cultures preference for affective ways of knowing, including
25、 symbolic imagery and rhythm. Asian cultures epistemologies tend to emphasize the validity of knowledge gained through striving toward transcendence (卓越). Nichols, 1976) Recent popular works demonstrate that our own society is paying more attention to previously overlooked ways of knowing. Conclusio
26、n An appreciation of patterns of cultural difference can assist us in processing what it means to be different in ways that are respectful of others, not fault-finding or damaging. Anthropologists Avruch and Black have noted that, when faced by an interaction that we do not understand, people tend t
27、o interpret the others involved as “abnormal“, “weird“ or “wrong“. (Avruch and Black, 1993) This tendency, if indulged, gives rise on the individual level to prejudice. If this propensity is either consciously or unconsciously integrated into organizational structures, then prejudice takes root in o
28、ur institutionsin the structures, laws, policies, and procedures mat shape our lives. Consequently, it is vital that we learn to control the human tendency to translate “different from me“ into “less than me“. We can learn to do this. We can also learn to collaborate across cultural lines as individ
29、uals and as a society. Awareness of cultural differences doesnt have to divide us from each other. It doesnt have to paralyze us either, for fear of not saying the “right thing“. In fact, becoming more aware of our cultural differences, as well as exploring our similarities, can help us communicate
30、with each other more effectively. Recognizing where cultural differences are at work is the first step toward understanding and respecting each other. （分数：71.00）(1).In a broad sense, people all belong to many cultures.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Jewish and Italian Americans usually think a raised voice m
31、eans a beginning of a fight.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).In some Eastern countries, face-to-face meetings are favored to work through the conflicts.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Even people from the same cultural background complete their tasks differently.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Communication challenges result f
32、rom differences in_.（分数：7.10）_(6).Cross-cultural communication begins when people understand how_relate to each other within our society.（分数：7.10）_(7).In Japan people preferred making their decisions on the basis of_.（分数：7.10）_(8).When assessing different attitudes toward disclosure, we should take_
33、into consideration.（分数：7.10）_(9).Africans regard_ as affective ways of knowing things.（分数：7.10）_(10).Communication becomes efficient when people understand_ of cultures.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Jacks trousers dont match his jacket.B.Jack looks funny in that yellow jacket.C.T
34、he color of Jacks jacket is too dark.D.Jack has bad taste in clothes.A.Mr. Johnsons ideas are nonsense.B.He quite agrees with Mr. Johnsons views.C.Mr. Johnson is good at expressing his ideas.D.He shares the womans views on social welfare.A.The man is handsome.B.The man used to be unhealthy.C.The lec
35、ture is not very clear.D.The man has become a better person.A.He dislikes museums and galleries.B.He does not care about the hot weather.C.Going to the beach is the best choice.D.He doesnt want to go to Washington.A.Janet loves the beautiful landscape of Australia very much.B.Janet is very much inte
36、rested in architecture.C.Janet admires the Sydney Opera House very much.D.Janet thinks its a shame for anyone not to visit Australia.A.She will choose a new topic to write the essay.B.She used to choose the poetry written by Shakespeare as the topic.C.She refuses to accept the mans advice.D.She is o
37、n the wrong track.A.Karen is very forgetful.B.He knows Karen better now.C.Karen is sure to pass the interview.D.The woman should have reminded Karen earlier.A.Ask Joe to apologize to the professor for her.B.Skip the class to prepare for the exam.C.Tell the professor shes lost her voice.D.Attend the
38、lecture with the man.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Shes unable to attend the study session.B.She has seen a doctor recently.C.Shes concerned about medical care.D.She mentions the need for some medical tests.A.To improve the study skills of university students.B.To suggest changes in the student gover
39、nment.C.To give people the opportunity to speak with a politician.D.To discuss graduation requirements for political science majors.A.Graduate school application procedures.B.Funding for university education.C.Winning the confidence of voters.D.Preparing for an important test.A.Tell her what to stud
40、y for the history test.B.Write a favorable letter of recommendation.C.Advise her about how to run an election campaign.D.Suggest a topic for a research paper.A.Her subjects home.B.Her subjects personality.C.Her subjects social status.D.Her subjects role in history.A.Backlighting.B.Flashbulbs.C.Soft
41、focus.D.Time-lapse photography.A.Well-known people.B.Children.C.Historical scenes.D.Landscapes.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.A kind of German sausage.B.A resident of Frankfurt.C.A kind of German bread.D.The name of a German town.A.He raised dogs.B.He was a cartoonist.C.He was a cook.D.He sold fast fo
42、od.A.Because it was too hot to eat right away.B.Because the Americans found they were from Germany.C.Because people had to get used to their taste.D.Because people thought they contained dog meat.A.The coffee market in Boston.B.The role of supermarkets in the coffee business.C.A new trend in the Uni
43、ted States.D.The advertising of a new product.A.Gourmet coffee is less expensive.B.Regular brands of coffee have too much caffeine.C.Gourmet coffee tastes better.D.Gourmet coffee is grown in the United States.A.They will run out of coffee.B.They will successfully compete with gourmet coffee sellers.
44、C.They will introduce new regular brands of coffee.D.They will lose some coffee business.A.In day-care centres where little children were taken care of.B.In areas in Chicago where poor people lived.C.In places where hot lunch was provided for young people.D.In schools where free classes were organiz
45、ed for young people.A.For young people and adults.B.For immigrants.C.For factory workers.D.For poor city children.A.Jane Adams contributions to society.B.Jane Adams struggle for womens liberation.C.Jane Adams life story.D.Jane Adams responsibility for the poor.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)As recently
46、as thirty years ago, many Americans believed that using credit was an unwise and (36) 1 way to pay for what they bought. Some even thought that owing money to a store or a credit company was something to be (37) 2 of. Good citizens, they believed, always bought what they wanted with real money and t
47、hey paid the full price (38) 3. Today, however, all that has changed. Credit, as some (39) 4 have noted, has become a way of life in the United States. More and more Americans now are depending on those small pieces of plastic, credit cards, to pay for large (40) 5 such as televisions, record-players or (41) 6. Many people today would consider it unusual not to use a credit card to pay for a costly (42) 7 din
