1、大学英语六级 92及答案解析(总分：448.04，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Fake Commodities. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in English; 1. What is fake commodity? 2. The harm of fake co
2、mmodity. 3. How to put an end to fake commodities? （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)A few years ago an Italian friend of mine traveled by train from Boston to Providence. She had only been in America for a couple weeks and hadnt seen much of the country yet. She arrived looking astonish
3、ed. “Its so ugly!“ People from other rich countries can scarcely imagine the squalor (肮脏) Of the man-made bits of America. In travel books they show you mostly natural environments: the Grand Canyon, Whitewater rafting, horses in a field. If you see pictures with man-made things in them, it will be
4、either a view of the New York skyline shot from a discreet distance, or a carefully cropped image of a seacoast town in Maine. How can it be, visitors must wonder. How can the richest country in the world look like this? Oddly enough, it may not be a coincidence. Americans are good at some things an
5、d bad at others. Were good at making movies and software, and bad at making cars and cities. And I think we may be good at what were good at for the same reason were bad at what were bad at. Were impatient. In America, if you want to do something, you dont worry that it might come out badly, or upse
6、t delicate social balances, or that people might think youre getting above yourself. If you want to do something, as Nike says, just do it. This works well in some fields and badly in others. I suspect it works in movies and software because theyre both messy processes. “Systematic“ is the last word
7、 Id use to describe the way good programmers write software. Code is not something they assemble painstakingly after careful planning, like the pyramids. Its something they plunge into, working fast and constantly changing their minds, like a charcoal sketch (铅笔画的草图). In software, paradoxical as it
8、sounds, good craftsmanship means working fast. If you work slowly and meticulously, you merely end up with a very fine implementation of your initial, mistaken idea. Working slowly and meticulously is premature optimization. Better to get a prototype done fast, and see what new ideas it gives you. I
9、t sounds like making movies works a lot like making software. Every movie is a Frankenstein (毁灭创造者之物), full of imperfections and usually quite different from what was originally envisioned. But interesting, and finished fairly quickly. I think we get away with this in movies and software because the
10、yre both malleable mediums. Boldness pays. And if at the last minute two parts dont quite fit, you can figure out some hack that will at least conceal the problem. Not so with cars, or cities. They are all too physical. If the car business worked like software or movies, youd surpass your competitor
11、s by making a car that weighed only fifty pounds, or folded up to the size of a motorcycle when you wanted to park it. But with physical products there are more constraints. You dont win by dramatic innovations so much as by good taste and attention to detail. The trouble is, the very word “taste“ s
12、ounds slightly ridiculous to American ears. It seems pretentious, or frivolous, or even effeminate. Blue staters think its “subjective“, and red staters think its for sissies. So anyone in America who really cares about design will be sailing upwind. Twenty years ago we used to hear that the problem
13、 with the US car industry was the workers. We dont hear that any more now that Japanese companies are building cars in the US. The problem with American cars is bad design. You can see that just by looking at them. Why do the Japanese make better cars than us? Some say its because their culture enco
14、urages cooperation. That may come into it. But in this case it seems more to the point that their culture prizes design and craftsmanship. For centuries the Japanese have made finer things than we have in the West. When you look at swords they made in 1200, you just cant believe the date on the labe
15、l is right. Presumably their cars fit together more precisely than ours for the same reason their joinery (木工职业) always has. Theyre obsessed with making things well. Ditto for houses. In America you can have either a flimsy box banged together out of two by fours and drywall, or a McMansion a flimsy
16、 box banged together out of two by fours and drywall, but larger, more dramatic-looking, and full of expensive fittings. Rich people dont get better design or craftsmanship; they just get a larger, more conspicuous version of the standard house. We dont especially prize design or craftsmanship here.
17、 What we like is speed, and were willing to do something in an ugly way to get it done fast. In some fields, like software or movies, this is a net win. But its not just that software and movies are malleable mediums. In those businesses, the designers (though theyre not generally called that) have
18、more power. Soft ware companies, at least successful ones, tend to be run by programmers. And in the film industry, though producers may second-guess directors, the director controls most of what appears on the screen. And so American software and movies, and Japanese cars, all have this in common:
19、the people in charge care about design the former because the designers are in charge, and the latter because the whole culture cares about design. Instead of relying on their own internal design compass, American car companies try to make what marketing people think consumers want. But it isnt work
20、ing. American cars continue to lose market share. And the reason is that the customer doesnt want what he thinks he wants. Letting focus groups design your cars for you only wins in the short term. In the long term, it pays to bet on good design. Cars arent the worst thing we make in America. Where
21、the just-do-it model fails most dramatically is in our cities. If real estate developers operated on a large enough scale, if they built whole towns, market forces would compel them to build towns that didnt suck. But they only build a couple office buildings or suburban streets at a time, and the r
22、esult is so depressing that the inhabitants consider it a great treat to fly to Europe and spend a couple weeks living what is, for people there, just everyday life. But the just-do-it model does have advantages. It seems the clear winner for generating wealth and technical innovations. I think spee
23、d is the reason. Its hard to create wealth by making a commodity. The real value is in things that are new, and if you want to be the first to make something, it helps to work fast. For better or worse, the just-do-it model is fast. If I had to choose between the just-do-it model and the careful mod
24、el, Id probably choose just-do-it. But do we have to choose? Could we have it both ways? Could Americans have nice places to live without undermining the impatient, individualistic spirit that makes us good at software? Could other countries introduce more individualism into their technology compani
25、es and research labs without having it metastasize as strip malls? Im optimistic. Its harder to say about other countries, but in the US, at least, I think we can have both. Apple is an encouraging example. Theyve managed to preserve enough of the impatient, hackerly spirit you need to write softwar
26、e. And yet when you pick up a new Apple laptop, well, it doesnt seem American. Its too perfect. It seems as if it must have been made by a Swedish or a Japanese company. I think well gradually see national characters superseded by occupational characters: hackers in Japan will be allowed to behave w
27、ith a willfulness that would now seem unJapanese, and products in America will be designed with an insistence on taste that would now seem unAmerican. Perhaps the most successful countries, in the future, will be those most willing to ignore what are now considered national characters, and do each k
28、ind of work in the way that works best. （分数：71.00）(1).Generally speaking, Japans economy is developing faster than American economy.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The author thinks that good programmers write software in a systematic way.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).With physical products the only thing you need
29、is good taste and attention to detail.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Rich people get a house with the same design or craftsmanship as the standard house.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Americans are good at_, and bad at making cars and cities.（分数：7.10）_(6).Nikes slogan is_.（分数：7.10）_(7).In software, paradoxical as i
30、t sounds, good craftsmanship means_.（分数：7.10）_(8).Instead of_, American car companies try to make what marketing people think consumers want.（分数：7.10）_(9).The just-do-it model does have advantages. It seems the clear winner for_.（分数：7.10）_(10).Apple is an encouraging example in managing to preserve
31、enough of_ you need to write software.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Buy a ticket.B.Leave at once.C.Get ready immediately.D.Call a taxi.A.Stay at home and review the lesson.B.Stay at home and have a good rest.C.Go somewhere else.D.Go to the concert tomorrow.A.There is a flood ever
32、y two years.B.The flood is the worst ever since fifties.C.There is a serious drought.D.There is a severe flood.A.The woman is an excellent cook.B.The woman is a housewife.C.Mary helped a lot in cooking the dish.D.The woman has never cooked before.A.He had to rewrite his essay.B.He thought its better
33、 not to take part in the party.C.He forgot about the English Evening.D.His supervisor wanted to talk to him.A.He has failed in the exam.B.He has lost in the game.C.He couldnt represent his team.D.The track meet had been cancelled.A.To return the shoes and get the refund.B.To buy another pair of shoe
34、s.C.To change the shoes for another style.D.To change the shoes for a different color.A.He has some trouble with his parents.B.His parents had a quarrel.C.He and his wife might have had a quarrel.D.His wife and his parents might have disagreed with each other.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.George Wash
35、ington.B.Thomas Jefferson.C.James Madison.D.Abraham Lincoln.A.A British doll.B.Her best white dress.C.Her son.D.A picture of George Washington.A.The entire house.B.Six rooms only.C.The gardens only.D.The East Room only.A.She will stay home.B.She will go the concert with Abruzzi.C.She will invite Abr
36、uzzi to a concert.D.She has not decided yet.A.She doesnt want to hurt Abruzzi by refusing again.B.She is afraid that she might lose Abruzzi.C.She wants to have a change after a busy week.D.She cant think of a reason not to accept Abruzzis invitation again.A.She has been studying late into night all
37、week.B.She has made plans to work late all week.C.She has not been free to go out with Abruzzi all week.D.She has been busy tidying up her apartment all week.A.Abruzzi is very patient and determined.B.Lindas roommate does most of the cleaning in their apartment.C.Linda doesnt really care for Abruzzi
38、.D.Linda likes concert better than shows.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.The students in Open University must have left school 20 years ago.B.The students in Open University are at least 21 years old.C.The students in Open University are only housewives.D.The students in Open University have to pass th
39、e entrance examination.A.At the airport.B.By plane.C.Taking the air.D.On radio and TV.A.36B.283C.3D.4 to 5.A.In 4 or 5 years.B.In one year.C.In 3 or 4 years.D.In 36 weeks.A.In 1809.B.In 1818.C.In the 1880s.D.In the 1890s.A.Sell pens.B.Repair pens.C.Develop pens.D.Making pens.A.Because he wanted to m
40、ake more money.B.Because he was fired by the school because he sold pens to his students.C.Because he was proud of his repair skills.D.Because he felt the pens he sold needed to be improved.A.To study the problems of local industries.B.To find ways to treat human wastes.C.To investigate the annual c
41、atch of fish in the Biramichi River.D.To conduct a study on fishing in the Riramichi River.A.Lack of oxygen.B.Overgrowth of water plants.C.Low water level.D.Serious pollution upstream.A.Theyll be closed down.B.Theyre going to dismiss some of their employees.C.Theyll be moved to other places.D.They h
42、ave no money to build chemical treatment plants.A.There were fewer fish in the river.B.Over-fishing was prohibited.C.The local Chamber of Commerce tried to preserve fishes.D.The local fishing cooperative decided to reduce its catch.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Television now plays such an important pa
43、rt in so many peoples lives that it is (36) 1for us to try to decide whether is a (37) 2or a curse. Obviously television has both (38) 3and dis. But do the former (39) 4 the latter? In the first place, television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also a (40) 5cheap one. They just
44、 sit comfortably at home and enjoy (41) 6series of programmes rather than to go out in search of (42) 7 elsewhere. Some people, however, (43) 8 that this is precisely where the danger lies. The television viewer needs to do nothing. (44) 9. Secondly, television keeps one informed about current event
45、s, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics. Yet here again there is a danger. The television screen itself has a terrible, almost physical fascination for us. (45) 10. There are many other arguments for and against television. The poor quality of its programmes is often
46、criticized. But it is undoubtedly a great comfort to many lonely elderly people. And does it corrupt or instruct our children? (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：177.00)Each summer, no matter how pressing my work schedule, I take off one day exclusively for my son. We call it dad-son day. This year our third stop was the amusement park, where he discovered that he was tall enough to ride one of the fastest roller coasters(过山车) in the world. We bl
