1、大学英语六级 76 及答案解析(总分:428.03,做题时间:132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数:1,分数:30.00)1.For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Deal with Job Burnout? You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese; 1. 在充满市场竞争的现代社会中,工作倦怠(Job Burnout
2、)已经成为世界范围内的普遍现象。据调查统计,?0%的中国职场人士出现了不同程度的工作倦怠。 2为什么会出现工作倦怠? 3政府、企业和所有职场人士如何防止工作倦怠的出现。 (分数:30.00)_二、Part II Reading C(总题数:1,分数:71.00)Taking a stand Xuemei Han was a second-year graduate student in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Yale University. Last month, she was facing expulsi
3、on (开除). Efforts to transfer to the universitys forestry school had failed, and it looked as though the 26-year-old might have to return to China within a matter of weeks. In June, Han had been told that she was “not in good academic standing“ with her department an accusation she disputed. She had
4、passed her qualifying exams at the first attempt and, after a few more tries, her required language exam as well. So she did something that many Chinese graduate students would never dream of doing: on 20 October she filed a complaint against Yale, accusing the university of treating Chinese student
5、s unfairly. The only Chinese student in her department, Han wrote in her complaint that she suspected professors were reluctant to work with her because they thought she would need extra help preparing manuscripts and grant proposals. Her grievance quickly gained a high profile on campus and beyond.
6、 Three other graduate students filed supporting testimonials that detailed problems they had experienced in their departments, and just over half of the 274 Chinese graduate students at Yale signed a statement backing her. The case was reported by media in the United States and even made the evening
7、 news in China. Within a week, university administrators relented and allowed Han to transfer to the department of forestry, where she had found an adviser willing to support her. Yale flatly denies any accusations of discrimination against Chinese students. Yale spokesman Tom Conroy said in a state
8、ment, “Yale has a long standing tradition of being a welcoming and supportive university for international students, and especially those from China.“ Whether or not it was discrimination, Hans story taps into a rarely seen vein of discontent among Chinese students and postdocs (博士后) across the coun
9、try. Chinese nationals are by far the largest group of foreign academics working in US universities. Between 1985 and 2000, some 26,500 Chinese students earned science and engineering PhDs in the United States more than double the number of students from all of Western Europe, according to the Natio
10、nal Science Foundation. And a recent survey of postdocs by scientific research society Sigma Xi in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, showed that Chinese postdocs tend to work longer hours for less pay than their American counterparts. Language obstacles and culture shock Many Chinese come to t
11、he United States to participate in cutting-edge research, but must first overcome language barriers, cultural differences. They frequently feel isolated from their US lab-mates. And although all graduate students are at the mercy of their advisers, foreign students are especially vulnerable. They la
12、ck alternative options, so a disagreement or funding problem is all that it takes for them to be sent back to China. The high percentage of Chinese in the lab is no coincidence. US researchers are happy to recruit academically gifted Chinese scholars, while the best and brightest Chinese are drawn t
13、o the country by research opportunities that they cannot get at home. That opportunity is what brought Han from Inner Mongolia to Yale in 2003. She received her undergraduate and masters degree in ecology from Beijing Normal University, but had never travelled outside China. “Ecology research has on
14、ly just started in China, so my professors recommended that I study here,“ she recalls. She was ecstatic when she learned that Yale had admitted her to a PhD programme with funding from a Fan Family Fellowship, which supports Chinese students. But shortly after arriving in the United States, Han ran
15、 into difficulty. Like many Chinese students, she had studied English extensively in China, but that training focused primarily on reading and writing, not speaking. “The first semester was very hard,“ she says. “In physics and other departments, there are other Chinese graduate students who can hel
16、p, but I was the only one in my department.“ Hans experience is not unusual. Many Chinese students have trouble fitting in when they first reach the United States, according to Hongwen Zhu, a graduate student at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York. Zhu says many students are embarras
17、sed to admit that they dont understand what is being asked of them, or they are reluctant to raise their concerns vocally with their professors. “Most Chinese students tend to be very quiet, and this is a very big problem,“ he says. Han made steady progress in her language skills, but it came at a c
18、ost. She was unable to teach, a requirement of her department, and she had trouble finding a research adviser. Still, Han was shocked to learn in June that she was no longer in good standing with her programme. On the edge of fellowship In the Hans case, Han could transfer to other department of Yal
19、e University, but she was informed that she would lose the Fan Family Fellowship. Foreign students and postdocs frequently run into these sorts of funding problems, says Ji-Cheng Wang, a postdoc cancer researcher. Unlike American students, who can switch advisers if necessary, many foreigners are fi
20、nancially tied to their principal investigator (PI). “If anything happens to the PI then the student is put at risk,“ Wang says. This relationship can put students in a precarious position. When Wei Fu, not his real name, moved from Peking University to become a postdoc at a midwestern university, h
21、e was hoping for a chance to expand his own research career in biophysics. Instead, Fus lab director asked him to devote most of his time to existing experiments. “I didnt have much independence, I didnt feel free,“ he says. When Fu told the PI of his unhappiness, he found himself suddenly out of a
22、job. He had just three months to scramble for a new position, or risk expulsion from the country. Eventually, he managed to find a position at a lab in California. “You can imagine that I was very stressed,“ he says. Visa obstacles That stress has been exacerbated (加重) by recent US and Chinese immig
23、ration policy. Most international students and scholars get a multiple-entry visa for the duration of their studies, but Chinese students must reapply for a new visa every six months. That is an improvement over the old rules, which required students to reapply each time they left the country, but i
24、t still causes trouble for researchers such as Yangheng Zheng, a postdoc studying high-energy physics at the University of California, Los Angeles. While conducting graduate research at the University of Hawaii, Zheng frequently traveled between the United States and Japan, and each trip required a
25、new visa both ways. “In three years I used up all of my passports pages,“ he says. Although the situation is better now, there are still problems, he says. Two months ago, on his latest excursion to CERN, the European particle-physics lab, he ended up stuck in Geneva for three weeks waiting for a US
26、 security check. Different views from Chinese students There is little consensus in the Chinese community over how serious these issues are. Some students and postdocs said they had not encountered significant problems, and many reported strong relationships with their advisers, who helped them reso
27、lve issues. “The people I know are very nice to me,“ says Ye Jin, a postdoc in molecular biology at the University of California, Berkeley. “When I try to write papers and proposals my PI has been very patient and corrects my grammar. She has been very encouraging.“ “Language is not a barrier if you
28、 are willing to learn,“ adds Grace Wong, the president of Student Vision, a Boston-based group that helps students find jobs in biotechnology. “If your skills are good and youre willing to work really hard, any boss will love you.“ But Huang disagrees. “We really appreciate that the university gives
29、 us the chance to come here and study,“ he says. “But even if you work hard, sometimes you still have the risk of being kicked out because of a funding problem or a disagreement with your adviser.“ (分数:71.00)(1).Xuemei Han failed to pass her qualifying exams and faced expulsion.(分数:7.10)A.YB.NC.NG(2
30、).Xuemei Han was the only Chinese student in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Yale University.(分数:7.10)A.YB.NC.NG(3).According to the National Science Foundation, there are more than 26, 500 Chinese students studying in U.S.A universities.(分数:7.10)A.YB.NC.NG(4).The high percenta
31、ge of Chinese students in the lab of US is just coincident.(分数:7.10)A.YB.NC.NG(5).Shortly after arriving in the United States, Han found it difficulty to_.(分数:7.10)_(6).Hongwen Zhu says many students admit embarrassedly that they dont understand_.(分数:7.10)_(7).Unlike American students, foreign stude
32、nts and postdocs are_ to their principal investigator and can not switch advisers freely.(分数:7.10)_(8).Most international students and scholars get_ for the duration of their studies.(分数:7.10)_(9).“Strong relationships with their advisers“ means that_.(分数:7.10)_(10).Huang believes that Chinese stude
33、nts are more likely to be kicked out due to_ or_.(分数:7.10)_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数:1,分数:15.00)A.A new restaurant.B.A new hotel.C.A new hospital.D.A new airport.A.He read the newspaper.B.One of his students told him.C.He listened to a radio report.D.He attended a cabinet meeting.A.Go to a fast foo
34、d place with the man.B.Eat after her class.C.Join some friends for a quick meal.D.Get to her class early.A.He is sick.B.He is worried.C.He is confident.D.He is angry.A.He will owe $160.B.He will owe $150.C.He will owe $110.D.He will owe $50.A.She finds reading the newspapers rarely pleasurable.B.She
35、 prefers reading the newspaper when she gets the time.C.She enjoys reading fiction but rarely get the time.D.She likes reading rare books for pleasure.A.Spanish.B.Chinese.C.Japanese.D.Arabic.A.John should not talk to Bill anymore.B.John should tell Bill not to think negatively.C.John should take Bil
36、ls remarks seriously.D.John should pay little attention to what Bill says.四、Section A(总题数:2,分数:10.00)A.On television.B.At registration.C.In class.D.At work.A.Students are not required to attend regular class lectures.B.The professor videotapes class lectures for review.C.Classes are held at various
37、locations throughout the area.D.Students receive credit for work experience.A.It allows them to meet students from other universities.B.It promotes the concept of self-learning.C.It allows more flexibility in students schedules.D.It doesnt require any examinations.A.Its a requirement for psychology
38、majors.B.She wasnt able to get into the traditional course.C.She lives far from the university.D.She has to work a lot of hours this semester.A.Its only open to poetry majors.B.It requires another course first.C.Its already full.D.Its only offered in the morning.A.The class meets during his working
39、hours.B.The class is too far away.C.He has another class at the same time.D.Hes already familiar with the material.A.Its courses cost less.B.It has a pool.C.The class size is smaller.D.It may offer the course he needs during the day.五、Section B(总题数:3,分数:10.00)A.As much as 93%.B.As much as 80%.C.As m
40、uch as 75%.D.As much as 60%.A.Food will go bad.B.Food will be checked.C.The bacteria will be found on food.D.Food will not go bad so soon.A.Hot water.B.Ice.C.Hot air.D.Cold water.A.The removal of water in food helps prevent it from going rotten.B.The open-air method of drying food has been known for
41、 hundreds of years.C.In the course of dehydration, the temperature of hot current coming from entry to exit is gradually going up.D.The process of drying liquids is much more complex than that of drying solid food.A.How to analyze photographic techniques.B.How to define photography.C.How Alfred Stie
42、glitz contributed to the history of photography.D.Whether photography is superior to other art forms.A.They were influenced by his background in engineering.B.They were very expensive to take.C.They were among the first taken under such condition.D.Most of them were of poor quality.A.He thought the
43、copying process took too long.B.He considered each photograph to be unique.C.He didnt have the necessary equipment for reproduction.D.He didnt want them to be displayed outside of his home.A.They have nothing to do with each other.B.They have something to do with each other.C.They help each other in
44、 a way.D.They depend on each other.A.Other living things change their environment while man doesnt.B.Man alters his environment while he is adapted to it, but other living things do not.C.Other living things is not only adapted to their environment but also alters it.D.Man is only adapted to the env
45、ironment but he doesnt alter it.A.The relationship between man and his environment.B.The relationship between living things and their environment.C.The relationship between man and living things.D.The relationship between mans brain and other living things.六、Section C(总题数:1,分数:10.00)The more women a
46、nd (36) 1make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want a talk about things (37) 2judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a (38) 3eye, in the process sometimes coming up with (39) 4 analyses of the forces that (40) 5everyones experie
47、nce in the organization. Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a (41) 6to the likes of AT performance counts a mere 10%, image, 30%, and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that (44) 9, it wont secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people