1、大学英语六级 75及答案解析(总分：427.99，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1有人认
2、为读书要有选择 2有人认为应当博览辟书 3我的看法 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Cross-Cultural Communication Challenges Definition of Culture We all communicate with others all the timein our homes, in our workplaces, in the groups we belong to, and in the community. No matter how well we think we understan
3、d each other, communication is hard. Just think, for example, how often we hear things like, “He doesnt get it,“ or “She didnt really hear what I meant to say.“ “Culture“ is often at the root of communication challenges. Our culture influences how we approach problems, and how we participate in grou
4、ps and in communities. When we participate in groups we are often surprised at how differently people approach their work together. Culture is a complex concept, with many different definitions. But, simply put, “culture“ refers to a group or community with which we share common experiences that sha
5、pe the way we understand the world. It includes groups that we are born into, such as gender, race, or national origin. It also includes groups we join or become part of. For example, we can acquire a new culture by moving to a new region, by a change in our economic status, or by becoming disabled.
6、 When we think of culture this broadly, we realize we all belong to many cultures at once. Our histories are a critical piece of our cultures. Historical experienceswhether of five years ago or of ten generations backshape who we are. Knowledge of our history can help us understand ourselves and one
7、 another better. Exploring the ways in which various groups within our society have related to each other is key to opening channels for cross-cultural communication. Six Fundamental Patterns of Cultural Differences As people from different cultural groups take on the exciting challenge of working t
8、ogether, cultural values sometimes conflict. We can misunderstand each other, and react in ways that can hinder what are otherwise promising partnerships. Oftentimes, we arent aware mat culture is acting upon us. Sometimes, we are not even aware that we have cultural values or assumptions that are d
9、ifferent from others! -Different Communication Styles The way people communicate varies widely between, and even within, cultures. One aspect of communication style is language usage. Across cultures, some words and phrases are used in different ways. For example, even in countries that share the En
10、glish language, the meaning of “yes“ varies from “maybe, Ill consider it“ to “definitely so,“ with many shades in between. Another major aspect of communication style is the degree of importance given to non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication includes not only facial expressions and gest
11、ures; it also involves seating arrangements, personal distance, and sense of time. In addition, different norms regarding the appropriate degree of assertiveness in communicating can add to cultural misunderstandings. For instance, some white Americans typically consider raised voices to be a sign t
12、hat a fight has begun, while some black, Jewish and Italian Americans often feel that an increase in volume is a sign of an exciting conversation among friends. Thus, some white Americans may react with greater alarm to a loud discussion than would members of some American ethnic or non-white racial
13、 groups. -Different Attitudes Toward Conflict Some cultures view conflict as a positive thing, while others view it as something to be avoided. In the U.S., conflict is not usually desirable; but people often are encouraged to deal directly with conflicts that do arise. In fact, face-to-face meeting
14、s customarily are recommended as the way to work through whatever problems exist. In contrast, in many Eastern countries, open conflict is experienced as embarrassing or demeaning; as a rule, differences are best worked out quietly. A written exchange might be the favored means to address me conflic
15、t. -Different Approaches to Completing Tasks From culture to culture, there are different ways that people move toward completing tasks. Some reasons include different access to resources, different judgments of the rewards associated with task completion, different notions of time, and varied ideas
16、 about how relationship-building and task-oriented work should go together. When it comes to working together effectively on a task, cultures differ with respect to the importance placed on establishing relationships early on in the collaboration. A case in point, Asian and Hispanic cultures tend to
17、 attach more value to developing relationships at the beginning of a shared project and more emphasis on task completion toward the end as compared with European-Americans. European-Americans tend to focus immediately on the task at hand, and let relationships develop as they work on the task. This
18、does not mean that people from any one of these cultural backgrounds are more or less committed to accomplishing the task, or value relationships more or less; it means they may pursue them differently. -Different Decision-Making Styles The roles individuals play in decision-making vary widely from
19、culture to culture. For example, in the U.S., decisions are frequently delegatedthat is, an official assigns responsibility for a particular matter to a subordinate. In many Southern European and Latin American countries, there is a strong value placed on holding decision-making responsibilities one
20、self. When decisions are made by groups of people, majority rule is a common approach in the U.S.; in Japan consensus is the preferred mode. Be aware that individuals expectations about their own roles in shaping a decision may be influenced by their cultural frame of reference. -Different Attitudes
21、 Toward Disclosure In some cultures, it is not appropriate to be frank about emotions, about the reasons behind a conflict or a misunderstanding, or about personal information. Keep this in mind when you are in a dialogue or when you are working with others. When you are dealing with a conflict, be
22、mindful that people may differ in what they feel comfortable revealing. Questions that may seem natural to youWhat was the conflict about? What was your role in the conflict? What was the sequence of events?may seem intrusive to others. The variation among cultures in attitudes toward disclosure is
23、also something to consider before you conclude that you have an accurate reading of the views, experiences, and goals of the people with whom you are working. -Different Approaches to Knowing Notable differences occur among cultural groups when it comes to epistemologies (认识论)that is, the ways peopl
24、e come to know things. European cultures tend to consider information acquired through cognitive means, such as counting and measuring, more valid than other ways of coming to know things. Compare that to African cultures preference for affective ways of knowing, including symbolic imagery and rhyth
25、m. Asian cultures epistemologies tend to emphasize the validity of knowledge gained through striving toward transcendence (卓越). Nichols, 1976) Recent popular works demonstrate that our own society is paying more attention to previously overlooked ways of knowing. Conclusion An appreciation of patter
26、ns of cultural difference can assist us in processing what it means to be different in ways that are respectful of others, not fault-finding or damaging. Anthropologists Avruch and Black have noted that, when faced by an interaction that we do not understand, people tend to interpret the others invo
27、lved as “abnormal“, “weird“ or “wrong“. (Avruch and Black, 1993) This tendency, if indulged, gives rise on the individual level to prejudice. If this propensity is either consciously or unconsciously integrated into organizational structures, then prejudice takes root in our institutionsin the struc
28、tures, laws, policies, and procedures mat shape our lives. Consequently, it is vital that we learn to control the human tendency to translate “different from me“ into “less than me“. We can learn to do this. We can also learn to collaborate across cultural lines as individuals and as a society. Awar
29、eness of cultural differences doesnt have to divide us from each other. It doesnt have to paralyze us either, for fear of not saying the “right thing“. In fact, becoming more aware of our cultural differences, as well as exploring our similarities, can help us communicate with each other more effect
30、ively. Recognizing where cultural differences are at work is the first step toward understanding and respecting each other. （分数：71.00）(1).In a broad sense, people all belong to many cultures.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Jewish and Italian Americans usually think a raised voice means a beginning of a fight
31、.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).In some Eastern countries, face-to-face meetings are favored to work through the conflicts.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Even people from the same cultural background complete their tasks differently.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Communication challenges result from differences in_.（分数：7.1
32、0）_(6).Cross-cultural communication begins when people understand how_relate to each other within our society.（分数：7.10）_(7).In Japan people preferred making their decisions on the basis of_.（分数：7.10）_(8).When assessing different attitudes toward disclosure, we should take_into consideration.（分数：7.10
33、）_(9).Africans regard_ as affective ways of knowing things.（分数：7.10）_(10).Communication becomes efficient when people understand_ of cultures.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.It will reduce government revenues.B.It will stimulate business activities.C.It will mainly benefit the weal
34、thy.D.It will cut the stockholders dividends.A.She will do her best if the job is worth doing.B.She prefers a life of continued exploration.C.She will stick to the job if the pay is good.D.She doesnt think much of job-hopping.A.Stop thinking about the matter.B.Talk the drug user out of the habit.C.B
35、e more friendly to his schoolmate.D.Keep his distance from drug addicts.A.The son.B.The father.C.The mother.D.Aunt Louise.A.Stay away for a couple of weeks.B.Check the locks every two weeks.C.Look after the Johnsons house.D.Move to another place.A.He would like to warm up for the game.B.He didnt wan
36、t to be held up in traffic.C.He didnt want to miss the game.D.He wanted to catch as many game birds as possible.A.It was burned down.B.It was robbed.C.It was blown up.D.It was closed down.A.She isnt going to change her major.B.She plans to major in tax law.C.She studies in the same school as her bro
37、ther.D.She isnt going to work in her brothers firm.A.The man should phone the hotel for directions.B.The man can ask the department store for help.C.She doesnt have the hotels phone number.D.The hotel is just around the comer.A.She doesnt expect to finish all her work in thirty minutes.B.She has to
38、do a lot of things within a short time.C.She has been overworking for a long time.D.She doesnt know why there are so many things to do.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.She doesnt know where all her money has gone.B.She has no time to study.C.She has to take more part-time work.D.She is short of money.A.
39、190 dollars.B.760 dollars.C.250 dollars.D.1010 dollars.A.He is Janes boyfriend.B.He is Janes financial consultant.C.He and Jane are schoolmates.D.He works in the loan section of a bank.A.She wants Harry to be her financial consultant.B.She earns little but spends far too much money for a student.C.S
40、he has a poor head for economics.D.She wants to ask for a loan from Harrys bank.A.He was looking for a job.B.He seemed to have many needed qualifications.C.He handed in his application earlier than others.D.He needed a position in the company.A.The company was a small, family-owned company.B.The com
41、pany gave a lot of responsibilities to the employees.C.The company required the employees to be loyal and hard-working.D.The company would soon raise the employees salary.A.The woman was not satisfied with the man.B.The woman would choose other candidates for the position.C.The man was very likely t
42、o be employed.D.The man was disappointed with the company.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)A.25 million.B.75 million.C.55 million.D.5 million.A.Government funded.B.Political.C.Private.D.None of the above.A.Wars or natural disasters make them lose their families.B.They want to help their families earn enou
43、gh money to survive.C.They are poor.D.All the above.A.The Philippines.B.Brazil.C.Mexico.D.Guatemala.A.English is the easiest language to learn.B.English is as easy to learn as your mother tongue.C.English can be learnt in six weeks.D.It is easier to learn English on radio or TV.A.To speak English.B.
44、To read technical books in English.C.To listen to English programs on radio.D.To read English literature.A.English learning at school usually takes a long time.B.More and more people want to learn English nowadays.C.It is not necessary for many people to go to English speaking countries to learn Eng
45、lish.D.It is more difficult to learn English quickly than to learn it slowly.A.Its unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil.B.Its certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it.C.Its only natural for virtue to defeat evil.D.Its desirable for good men to keep away fr
46、om evil.A.Less self discipline.B.Better sense of discipline.C.More mutual respect.D.Less effective government.A.Stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families.B.More good examples should be set for people to follow.C.More restrictions should be imposed on peoples behavior.D.More pe
47、ople should accept the value of responsibility.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computer is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all. The early (36) 1 computer did not have much going for it except a (37) 2memory and some good math skills. But today the best models can be wired up to lea
