1、大学英语六级 72及答案解析(总分：448.03，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic To Curb Spending. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. 1现在许多大学生普遍花钱大手大脚，消费水平高 2有人认为社会整体生活水平提高了，大学生花钱
2、多一些无可厚非 3你的看法 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Water Problems Wheres the water? Water. If youve got it, you probably take it for granted. But a quick look at the globe and a chat with the tiny group of researchers who are worrying about fresh water both indicate that water shortages are
3、 very serious. And they arent necessarily in the future, either. Heres what weve read in the past week or so. . Mexico City (home to 20 million people) is sinking because the city sucks out underground water faster than the aquifer can be refilled. . Florida wants to refill its overpumped aquifer (蓄
4、水层) with untreated surface water, despite federal regulations to the contrary. . Texas is moving toward private, for-profit water sales. The water will be “mined“ from aquifers that are disappearing fast. No word on what the private suppliers, including corporate raider T. Boone Pickens, will do onc
5、e the aquifers run dry. . Aquifers around the world are being overtapped for irrigated agriculture, which fills about 40 percent of the global larder. . The Bush Administration has withdrawn a proposed tightening of the arsenic standard for drinking water. Critics say the old rule, dating to 1942, c
6、ould allow thousands of cases of cancer and other diseases. Meanwhile, in Bangladesh, whats been called the “largest poisoning of a population in history“ has 35 to 77 million people drinking arsenic-laced water. . A showdown is looming over the Tigris (底格里斯河) and Euphrates Rivers (幼发拉底河), which ori
7、ginate in Turkey, then water both Syria and Iraq. If Turkey goes ahead with a series of dams, the downriver nations could starve. You dont miss your water, an old blues sage wisely said, until your well runs dry. Down here on planet Earth, the well is starting to run dry. We ve seen projections that
8、 three billion people half of todays population will be short of water in 2025. Places short of water Seen from a global water map, water is shortest in equatorial countries, often where populations are rising. Here are some examples of countries facing water shortage problem. China, with 1.26 billi
9、on people, is “the one area worrying most people most of the time,“ says Marq de Villiers, author of the recently published “Water “. In dry Northern China, he says, “the water table is dropping one meter per year due to overpumping, and the Chinese admit that 300 cities are running short. They are
10、diverting water from agriculture and farmers are going out of business.“ Some Chinese rivers are so polluted with heavy metals that they cant be used for irrigation, he adds. “They re disgraceful, unusable, industrial sewers,“ says de Villiers. As farmers go out of business, China will have to impor
11、t more food. In India, home to 1.002 billion people, key aquifers are being overpumped, and the soil is growing saltier through contamination with irrigation water. Irrigation was a key to increasing food production in India during the green revolution, and as the population surges toward a projecte
12、d 1.363 billion in 2025, its crops will continue to depend on clean water and clean soil. Israel (population 6.2 million), invented many water-conserving technologies, but water withdrawals still exceed resupply. Overpumping of aquifers along the coast is allowing seawater to pollute drinking water.
13、 Like neighboring Jordan, Israel is largely dependent on the Jordan River for fresh water. Water Fight Egypt, whose population of 68 million may reach 97 million by 2025, gets essentially no rainfall. All agriculture is irrigated by seasonal floods from the Nile River, and from water stored behind t
14、he Aswan High Dam. Any interference with water flow by Sudan or Ethiopia could starve Egypt. “The Nile is one I worry about,“ says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project. Egypt, she says, is militarily powerful but vulnerable. “The hydropolitics might favor some military action,
15、because Egypt is so heavily dependent on the Nile, its already virtually tapping out the supply, and Ethiopia is now getting interested in developing the headwaters.“ When a World Bank official suggested several years ago that water wars are not far off, he might have had Egypt on his mind or Turkey
16、, Syria and Iraq, another trio of Middle-Eastern states that are locked in an uncomfortable embrace over water. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers both rise in Turkey and flow unimpeded to Syria and Iraq, where they provide the bulk of irrigation water needed in the arid climate. Turkey has proposed a
17、series of dams that would reduce river flow. That causes alarm downstream. Cooperation on water Despite the potential for fights over water, shortages can increase cooperation as well as friction. Jordan and Israel closely cooperate on the preservation of the Jordan River. Author de Villiers says wa
18、ter shortages, rather than exacerbating tensions in the Middle East, “have brought them together“ although we wouldnt overstate the degree of cooperation. Egypt stores a great amount of Nile water behind the Aswan High Dam, but the high rate of evaporation in the desert is an incentive to transfer t
19、he storage upstream, where, according to Postel, it would evaporate one-third as fast. Although that would leave more water to be shared, Egypt would never allow Ethiopia to build dams without assurances of a steady water supply in drought years. Although theres no agreement yet, theres been some co
20、operation, Postel says. “Ethiopia and Egypt meet about water every year, trying to work toward a watersharing arrangement something they would not have considered 10 years ago.“ There are other reasons for optimism about the generally dismal water situation. For example, total U.S. usage has dropped
21、 20 percent from a peak in 1980. De Villiers says some underdeveloped countries are likewise reducing consumption. “Namibia is famously thrifty for its use of water in dry years, up to 30 percent of the capitals drinking water is recycled wastewater. Egypt recycles virtually everything they get.“ An
22、d while rivers are heavily polluted in China and elsewhere, a few rivers are being restored. De Villiers says the Rhine, once called the sewer of Europe, has been cleaned up over the past decade or so. T d not want to drink it, but fish are reappearing in the river.“ Can technology help? Because wat
23、er is generally used so inefficiently, Postel calls conservation “the last oasis.“ Simple devices like low-flow toilets can cut usage by 70 percent. When New York City was faced with spending $1 billion on a new pumping station in the early 1990s, it opted instead to replace toilets. By 1997, after
24、the city spent $295 million on incentives, 1.33 million new toilets had been installed, saving 70 million to 90 million gallons per day. Overall, per capita consumption dropped from 195 gallons in 1991 to 169 gallons in 1999. Agriculture, which uses about 70 percent of total fresh water, offers much
25、 larger savings. Drip irrigation, pioneered by Israel, delivers water directly to the crops roots. Although its more expensive to start with, its far more frugal as well in terms of water. And delivering water steadily to the roots improves production as well. Postel writes, “Studies in India, Israe
26、l, Jordan, Spain and the U.S. have shown time and again that drip irrigation reduces water use by 30 to 70 percent and increases crop yield by 20 to 90 percent compared with flooding methods.“ Reuse of wastewater is becoming a fact of life in many arid regions, including Egypt, Israel, and the Ameri
27、can Southwest. Depending on its cleanliness, water may be used to irrigate non-food crops, or even food crops. In the extreme example, Namibia, as weve seen, drinks treated wastewater in drought years. Desalination the removal of salt from salt water would be the ultimate solution to water woes if i
28、t can be done cheaply enough. Thats a big if: “The best estimates are $2 to $2.50 per ton for desalination,“ says de Villiers. “That not really that far from the real cost of delivering water from the Colorado River, but Californias water is so heavily subsidized that they are paying 10 cents per to
29、n when the real cost is closer to $2.50 per ton.“ Desalination also takes a lot of electricity, de Villiers notes. “Unless somebody comes up with a way to do it with less energy,“ the cost of more fresh water could be increased global warming. （分数：71.00）(1).Mexico City is sinking because the city us
30、es underground water slower than the aquifer can be refilled.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The Bush Administration opposes tightening the arsenic standard for drinking water.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).In 2025, half of todays population will be in shortage of water.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).In China, some rivers a
31、re so polluted that fish cant grow in them.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Indias population will surge toward a projected_in 2025.（分数：7.10）_(6).All agriculture in Egypt is watered by_.（分数：7.10）_(7).According to a World Bank official, there will be_in the near future.（分数：7.10）_(8).Turkey is the source place
32、of_and_Rivers.（分数：7.10）_(9).Ethiopia and Egypt now talk about water every year to seek_.（分数：7.10）_(10).Drip irrigation is a way of delivering water directly to_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.In a park.B.In a museum.C.In a zoo.D.In the pet store.A.Get directions to the bus station
33、.B.Get to the grocery store.C.Give the man directions to the bus station.D.Find out where the stoplight is.A.Shes a maid.B.She sells stoves and refrigerators.C.Shes an apartment manager.D.Shes a real estate agent.A.$400.B.A little less than $400.C.No money at all.D.A great deal less than $400.A.A bu
34、s station.B.An airport.C.A super highway.D.A train station.A.He got angry with his boss.B.He always got to work late.C.He was frequently sick and absent from work.D.He prepared a financial report incorrectly.A.In a department store.B.In a bank.C.At a tourist bureau.D.At a hotel.A.Eat before seeing t
35、he movie.B.See the movie immediately.C.Get the first theater seat.D.Stay in town for a while.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The Englishmens habits.B.The Englishmens accent.C.The Englishmens character.D.The Englishmens teaching styles.A.Receptive.B.Just.C.Impulsive.D.Trustful.A.France.B.Italy.C.Germany
36、.D.Spain.A.Reading.B.Writing.C.Speaking.D.Listening.A.How to care for precious metals.B.A standard unit for measuring weight.C.The value of precious metals.D.Using the metric system.A.To check the accuracy of scales.B.To calculate the density of other metals.C.To observe changes in the atmosphere.D.
37、To measure amounts of rainfall.A.Someone spilled water on it.B.Someone lost it.C.It was made of low quality metal.D.The standard for measuring had changed.A.It is a small amount to pay for so much precious metal.B.It is difficult to judge the value of such an object.C.It is reasonable for an object
38、with such an important function.D.It is too high for such a light weight.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.Through his hard work at training.B.Through his reputation as preacher.C.Through his training as a preacher.D.Through his attention to medicine.A.His ability to play the organ.B.His interest in medi
39、cine.C.His doctoral degrees in philosophy and music.D.His talents in preaching.A.His suggestions and help.B.The cruel reality and unpleasant life.C.The responsibility of helping others.D.The protection of others from being injured.A.He was a man full of responsibility.B.He was a man of great strengt
40、h.C.He was a man of talents and idealism.D.He was an eccentric man.A.Sewage and industrial waste.B.Oil pollution on the beach.C.Oil discharged at sea when people cleaning oil tanks.D.The oil that leaks out after ship collisions.A.200, 000 tons.B.2 million tons.C.20 million tons.D.2,000 tons.A.How to
41、 find the way to exam polluted sea fish.B.Sea fish will be polluted when you eat it next time.C.More and more sea fish will be polluted soon.D.Sea fish will be free from oil pollution.A.Because they are motivated by feminism.B.Because they have to own money to support their family.C.Because they don
42、t have to take care their babies.D.Because their husband want them to work.A.A third.B.Two thirds.C.Half of the total.D.Almost all.A.The growing work force provides it with more workers.B.The government taxes it lighter than before.C.Many people no longer cook at home.D.Highly educated work force im
43、proves its work efficiency.A.1,000B.23,000C.20,000D.2,000六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Dogs were first domesticated from wolves at least 17,000 years ago, but perhaps as early as 150,000 years ago based upon recent genetic fossil and DNA (36) 1. In this time, the dog has developed into hundreds of bree
44、ds with a great degree of (37) 2. For example, heights at the shoulder range from just a few inches to roughly three feet, and colors range from white to black, with reds, grays, and browns (38) 3in tremendous (39) 4. Dogs are highly social animals and this (40) 5in their overall behavioral system (
45、41) 6 for their trainability, playfulness, and ability to fit into human (42) 7and social situations. This has earned dogs a (43) 8position in the realm of interspecies relationships. (44) 9 are thought to be reflections of the human idea of love and friendship, leading many dog owners to view their
46、 pets as full fledged family members. Dogs seem to view their human companions as members of their pack, and make few, if any, distinctions between their owners and fellow canines. (45) 10. For dogs that do not have traditional jobs, a wide range of dog sports provide the opportunity to exhibit their natural dog skills. In many countries, the most common and perhaps most important role of dogs is as companions. Dogs have lived with and worked with humans in so many roles that (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
