1、大学英语六级 60及答案解析(总分：447.98，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline ( given in Chinese) below:
2、1目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品，为什么会有这种现象? 2举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Most Important Secret About Trust What Is Trust? You know when you have trust; you know when you dont have trust. Yet, what is trust and how is trust usefully defined for the workplace? Can you bui
3、ld trust when it doesnt exist? How do you maintain and build upon the trust you may currently have in your workplace? These are important questions for todays rapidly changing world. Trust forms the foundation for effective communication, employee retention, and employee motivation and contribution
4、of discretionary (自由决定的) energy, the extra effort that people voluntarily invest in work. When trust exists in an organization or in a relationship, almost everything is easier to achieve. According to Dr. Duane C. Tway, Jr. in his 1993 dissertation, A Construct of Trust, “There exists today, no pra
5、ctical construct of Trust that allows us to design and implement organizational interventions to significantly increase trust levels between people. We all think we know what Trust is from our own experience, but we dont know much about how to improve it. Why? I believe it is because we have been ta
6、ught to look at Trust as if it were a single entity.“ The Three Constructs of Trust Tway defines trust as “the state of readiness for unguarded interaction with someone or something“. He developed a model of trust that includes three components. He calls trust a construct because it is “constructed“
7、 of these three components: the capacity for trusting, the perception of competence, and the perception of intentions. Thinking about trust as made up of the interaction and existence of these three components makes “trust“ easier to understand. The capacity for trusting means that your life experie
8、nces have developed your current capacity and willingness to risk trusting others. The perception of competence is made up of your perception of your ability and the ability of others with whom you work in your current situation. The perception of intentions, as defined by Tway, is your perception t
9、hat the actions, words, missions, or decisions are motivated by mutually-serving rather than self-serving motives. Why Trust Is Critical in a Healthy Organization? How important is building a trusting work environment? According to Tway, people have been interested in trust since Aristotle. Tway sta
10、tes, “Aristotle (384BC-322BC), writing in the Rhetoric, suggested that Ethos, the Trust of a speaker by the listener, was based on the listeners perception of three characteristics of the speaker. Aristotle believed these three characteristics to be the intelligence of the speaker (correctness of op
11、inions, or competence), the character of the speaker (reliabilitya competence factor, and honestmeasure of intentions), and the goodwill of the speaker (favorable intentions toward the listener). I dont think this has changed much even today.“ Additional research by Tway and others shows that trust
12、is the basis for much of the environment you want to create in your workplace. Trust is the necessary precursor (先兆) for: -feeling able to rely upon a person, -cooperating with and experiencing teamwork with a group, -taking thoughtful risks, and -experiencing believable communication. How to Mainta
13、in Trust? The best way to maintain a trusting work environment is to keep from injuring trust in the first place. The integrity of the leadership of the organization is critical. The truthfulness and transparency of the communication with staff is also a critical factor. The presence of a strong, un
14、ifying mission and vision can also promote a trusting environment. Providing information about the rationale, background, and thought processes behind decisions is also an important aspect of maintaining trust. Another is organizational success; people are more apt to trust their competence, contrib
15、ution, and direction when part of a successful project or organization. What Injures the Trust Relationship? Yet, even in an organization in which trust is a priority, things that can injure trust happen daily. A communication is misunderstood; a customer order is misdirected and no one questions an
16、 obvious mistake. The owner of a company that went through a bankruptcy, even though trusted on the “intentions“ side of Tways trust model, was severely injured in the eyes of the workforce, in the “perceived competence“ aspects of the model. In the first aspect of the construct, the capacity for tr
17、ust, even when organizations do their best, many people are unwilling to trust because of their life experiences. In many workplaces, people are taught to mistrust as they are repeatedly misinformed and misled. The Critical Role of the Leader or Supervisor in Trust Relationships Simon Fraser Univers
18、ity assistant Professor Kurt Dicks studied the impact of trust in college basketball team success. After surveying the players on 30 teams, he determined that players on successful teams were more likely to trust their coach. He found these players were more likely to believe that their coach knew w
19、hat was required for them to win. They believed the coach had their best interests at heart; they believed the coach came through on what he promised. (Something to think about: Trust in their teammates was hardly deemed important in the study.) Del Jones of the Gannett News Service reports that in
20、a March, 2001 Wirthlin Worldwide study of employees, 67 percent said they were committed to their employers. Only 38 percent felt their employers were committed to them. In another study, by C. Ken Weidner, an assistant professor at the Center for Organization Development at Loyola University Chicag
21、o, findings suggest several implications for organizational performance and change. Weidner found that a managers skills in developing relationships that reduce or eliminate distrust have a positive impact on employee turnover (人员流动率). He feels that turnover may be a result of organizations failing
22、to “draw people in“. He also found that trust in the supervisor is associated with better individual performance. Specific Trust Relationship Building and Maintaining Steps You cannot always control the trust you experience in your large organization, but you can act in ways that promote trust withi
23、n your immediate work environment. The following are ways to create and preserve a trusting work environment. -Hire and promote people, who are capable of forming positive, trusting interpersonal relationships with people who report to them, to supervisory positions. -Develop the skills of all emplo
24、yees and especially those of current supervisors and people desiring promotion, in interpersonal relationship building and effectiveness. -Keep staff members truthfully informed. Provide as much information as you can comfortably divulge as soon as possible in any situation. -Expect supervisors to a
25、ct with integrity and keep commitments. If you cannot keep a commitment, explain what is happening in the situation without delay. Current behavior and actions are perceived by employees as the basis for predicting future behavior. Supervisors who act as if they are worthy of trust will more likely
26、be followed with fewer complaints. -Confront hard issues in a timely fashion. If an employee has excessive absences or spends work time wandering around, it is important to confront the employee about these issues. Other employees will watch and trust you more. -Protect the interest of all employees
27、 in a work group. Do not talk about absent employees, nor allow others to place blame, call names, or point fingers. -Display competence in supervisory and other work tasks. Know what you are talking about, and if you dont knowadmit it. -Listen with respect and full attention. Exhibit empathy and se
28、nsitivity to the needs of staff members. -Take thoughtful risks to improve service and products for the customer. -If you are a supervisor or a team member, set high expectations and act as if you believe staff members are capable of living up to them. Build a Trust Relationship Over Time Trust is b
29、uilt and maintained by many small actions over time. Marsha Sinetar, the author, said, “Trust is not a matter of technique, but of character; we are trusted because of our way of being, not because of our polished exteriors or our expertly crafted communications.“ So fundamentally, trust, and here i
30、s the secret I promised in the tide of this article, is the cornerstone, me foundation, for everything youd like your organization to be now and for everything youd like it to become in the future. Lay this groundwork well. Trust is telling the truth, even when it is difficult, and being truthful, a
31、uthentic, and trustworthy in your dealings with customers and staff. Can profoundly-rewarding, mission-serving, life- and work-enhancing actions get any simpler than this? Not likely. （分数：71.00）(1).When people trust each other in an organization, all things will be easier to complete.（分数：7.10）A.YB.N
32、C.NG(2).Competence perception is about your understanding of your own potentials and abilities.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).People usually place their trust in famous people.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).The integrity of the leadership of the organization is the best method for promoting a trusting work environm
33、ent.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Trust is composed of three elements: the capacity for trusting, the perception of competence, and_.（分数：7.10）_(6).Owing to some life experiences, people often lack_ in many workplaces.（分数：7.10）_(7).When managers are skilful in_ distrust, employee turnover is usually improve
34、d.（分数：7.10）_(8).It is easier to control the trust in_ than in a large organization.（分数：7.10）_(9).If employees trust their supervisors, they seldom make_.（分数：7.10）_(10).Trust is a matter of_ rather than of technique.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He thinks that there wont be enough
35、 seats for everybody.B.He thinks that the speaker wont show up.C.He thinks the seminar wont be open to the public.D.He thinks that there might not be any more tickets available.A.Their father is unable to keep his promise.B.Their father is going on a vacation without her.C.Their father isnt telling
36、her the truth.D.Their father doesnt want to travel abroad.A.John didnt pass, although he had tried his best.B.John did better than he thought he was able to.C.John got an excellent score, which was unexpected.D.John was disappointed at his math score.A.The roof of the womans house needs to be repair
37、ed.B.The roof of the mans house has several bad leaks.C.The womans bathroom was badly damaged.D.The man works for a roofing company.A.Mr. Smith will be replaced if he makes another mistake.B.Mr. Smith is an admirable chief of the Asian Department.C.Mr. Smiths department is more successful than all t
38、he others.D.Mr. Smith is seldom in his office.A.She doesnt have a fax machine.B.She may quit her present job soon.C.She is tired of her present job.D.Her phone number has changed.A.Someone has taken away her luggage.B.Her flight is 50 minutes late.C.Her luggage has been delayed.D.She cant find the m
39、an shes been waiting for.A.To do whatever the committee asks him to.B.To make decisions in agreement with the committee.C.To run the committee his way.D.To make himself the committee chairman.A.The woman found the mail box empty.B.The man is waiting for some important mail.C.The man has just sent ou
40、t his application.D.The woman will write a postcard to her daughter.A.Read the operation manual.B.Try the buttons one by one.C.Ask the shop assistant for advice.D.Make the machine run slowly.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.He picked up some apples in his yard.B.He cut some branches off the apple tree.C
41、.He quarreled with his neighbor over the fence.D.He cleaned up all the garbage in the womans yard.A.Trim the apple trees in her yard.B.Pick up the apples that fell in her yard.C.Take the garbage to the curb for her.D.Remove the branches from her yard.A.File a lawsuit against the man.B.Ask the man fo
42、r compensation.C.Have the mans apple tree cut down.D.Throw garbage into the mans yard.A.He was ready to make a concession.B.He was not prepared to go to court.C.He was not intimidated.D.He was a bit concerned.A.Headache.B.Earache.C.Toothache.D.Stomachache.A.Seafood.B.Roast beef.C.Ice-cream.D.Pancake
43、.A.Dont eat any food for dinner.B.Dont be worry.C.Avoid oily food for the next few days.D.Should stay in hospital.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.Food is no longer a basic need for us, while it was for primitive people.B.We eat a wide variety of food.C.We no longer eat fruit that primitive people ever
44、ate.D.We eat more food than primitive people do.A.The climate.B.Ones social position.C.The materials available.D.Family size.A.Human Basic Needs.B.Material Comfort.C.Food: Human Basic Need.D.Basic Necessities of Life.A.A big noiseB.A strange noiseC.A strangers noiseD.A childs noiseA.The well.B.The w
45、heels.C.The ears.D.His ears.A.A hurricanes right after his car.B.A queen bees hidden in his car.C.A policemans cars running after his car.D.His mum is going to pass away.A.It conserves battery power.B.It lets your laptop rest.C.It makes your laptop easy to control.D.It replaces screen saver.A.Let th
46、e computer to rest.B.Save power.C.Save time for re-launch.D.Leave projects in progress like they are.A.It may easily go wrong and any unsaved work disappears.B.It crashes the computer easily.C.It may attract the thunder.D.It consumes more power.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)As recently as thirty years
47、ago, many Americans believed that using credit was an unwise and (36) 1 way to pay for what they bought. Some even thought that owing money to a store or a credit company was something to be (37) 2 of. Good citizens, they believed, always bought what they wanted with real money and they paid the full price (38) 3. Today, however, all that has changed. Credit, as some (39) 4 have noted, has become a way of life i
