1、大学英语六级 54及答案解析(总分：448.03，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Technology, a Blessing or a Curse? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1科学技术使人们的生活变得更加便利 2科学技术造成的负面影响 3我们应该怎样面对这种矛盾 （
2、分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Most Important Secret About Trust What Is Trust? You know when you have trust; you know when you dont have trust. Yet, what is trust and how is trust usefully defined for the workplace? Can you build trust when it doesnt exist? How do you maintain and
3、 build upon the trust you may currently have in your workplace? These are important questions for todays rapidly changing world. Trust forms the foundation for effective communication, employee retention, and employee motivation and contribution of discretionary (自由决定的) energy, the extra effort that
4、 people voluntarily invest in work. When trust exists in an organization or in a relationship, almost everything is easier to achieve. According to Dr. Duane C. Tway, Jr. in his 1993 dissertation, A Construct of Trust, “There exists today, no practical construct of Trust that allows us to design and
5、 implement organizational interventions to significantly increase trust levels between people. We all think we know what Trust is from our own experience, but we dont know much about how to improve it. Why? I believe it is because we have been taught to look at Trust as if it were a single entity.“
6、The Three Constructs of Trust Tway defines trust as “the state of readiness for unguarded interaction with someone or something“. He developed a model of trust that includes three components. He calls trust a construct because it is “constructed“ of these three components: the capacity for trusting,
7、 the perception of competence, and the perception of intentions. Thinking about trust as made up of the interaction and existence of these three components makes “trust“ easier to understand. The capacity for trusting means that your life experiences have developed your current capacity and willingn
8、ess to risk trusting others. The perception of competence is made up of your perception of your ability and the ability of others with whom you work in your current situation. The perception of intentions, as defined by Tway, is your perception that the actions, words, missions, or decisions are mot
9、ivated by mutually-serving rather than self-serving motives. Why Trust Is Critical in a Healthy Organization? How important is building a trusting work environment? According to Tway, people have been interested in trust since Aristotle. Tway states, “Aristotle (384BC-322BC), writing in the Rhetoric
10、, suggested that Ethos, the Trust of a speaker by the listener, was based on the listeners perception of three characteristics of the speaker. Aristotle believed these three characteristics to be the intelligence of the speaker (correctness of opinions, or competence), the character of the speaker (
11、reliabilitya competence factor, and honestmeasure of intentions), and the goodwill of the speaker (favorable intentions toward the listener). I dont think this has changed much even today.“ Additional research by Tway and others shows that trust is the basis for much of the environment you want to c
12、reate in your workplace. Trust is the necessary precursor (先兆) for: -feeling able to rely upon a person, -cooperating with and experiencing teamwork with a group, -taking thoughtful risks, and -experiencing believable communication. How to Maintain Trust? The best way to maintain a trusting work env
13、ironment is to keep from injuring trust in the first place. The integrity of the leadership of the organization is critical. The truthfulness and transparency of the communication with staff is also a critical factor. The presence of a strong, unifying mission and vision can also promote a trusting
14、environment. Providing information about the rationale, background, and thought processes behind decisions is also an important aspect of maintaining trust. Another is organizational success; people are more apt to trust their competence, contribution, and direction when part of a successful project
15、 or organization. What Injures the Trust Relationship? Yet, even in an organization in which trust is a priority, things that can injure trust happen daily. A communication is misunderstood; a customer order is misdirected and no one questions an obvious mistake. The owner of a company that went thr
16、ough a bankruptcy, even though trusted on the “intentions“ side of Tways trust model, was severely injured in the eyes of the workforce, in the “perceived competence“ aspects of the model. In the first aspect of the construct, the capacity for trust, even when organizations do their best, many peopl
17、e are unwilling to trust because of their life experiences. In many workplaces, people are taught to mistrust as they are repeatedly misinformed and misled. The Critical Role of the Leader or Supervisor in Trust Relationships Simon Fraser University assistant Professor Kurt Dicks studied the impact
18、of trust in college basketball team success. After surveying the players on 30 teams, he determined that players on successful teams were more likely to trust their coach. He found these players were more likely to believe that their coach knew what was required for them to win. They believed the co
19、ach had their best interests at heart; they believed the coach came through on what he promised. (Something to think about: Trust in their teammates was hardly deemed important in the study.) Del Jones of the Gannett News Service reports that in a March, 2001 Wirthlin Worldwide study of employees, 6
20、7 percent said they were committed to their employers. Only 38 percent felt their employers were committed to them. In another study, by C. Ken Weidner, an assistant professor at the Center for Organization Development at Loyola University Chicago, findings suggest several implications for organizat
21、ional performance and change. Weidner found that a managers skills in developing relationships that reduce or eliminate distrust have a positive impact on employee turnover (人员流动率). He feels that turnover may be a result of organizations failing to “draw people in“. He also found that trust in the s
22、upervisor is associated with better individual performance. Specific Trust Relationship Building and Maintaining Steps You cannot always control the trust you experience in your large organization, but you can act in ways that promote trust within your immediate work environment. The following are w
23、ays to create and preserve a trusting work environment. -Hire and promote people, who are capable of forming positive, trusting interpersonal relationships with people who report to them, to supervisory positions. -Develop the skills of all employees and especially those of current supervisors and p
24、eople desiring promotion, in interpersonal relationship building and effectiveness. -Keep staff members truthfully informed. Provide as much information as you can comfortably divulge as soon as possible in any situation. -Expect supervisors to act with integrity and keep commitments. If you cannot
25、keep a commitment, explain what is happening in the situation without delay. Current behavior and actions are perceived by employees as the basis for predicting future behavior. Supervisors who act as if they are worthy of trust will more likely be followed with fewer complaints. -Confront hard issu
26、es in a timely fashion. If an employee has excessive absences or spends work time wandering around, it is important to confront the employee about these issues. Other employees will watch and trust you more. -Protect the interest of all employees in a work group. Do not talk about absent employees,
27、nor allow others to place blame, call names, or point fingers. -Display competence in supervisory and other work tasks. Know what you are talking about, and if you dont knowadmit it. -Listen with respect and full attention. Exhibit empathy and sensitivity to the needs of staff members. -Take thought
28、ful risks to improve service and products for the customer. -If you are a supervisor or a team member, set high expectations and act as if you believe staff members are capable of living up to them. Build a Trust Relationship Over Time Trust is built and maintained by many small actions over time. M
29、arsha Sinetar, the author, said, “Trust is not a matter of technique, but of character; we are trusted because of our way of being, not because of our polished exteriors or our expertly crafted communications.“ So fundamentally, trust, and here is the secret I promised in the tide of this article, i
30、s the cornerstone, me foundation, for everything youd like your organization to be now and for everything youd like it to become in the future. Lay this groundwork well. Trust is telling the truth, even when it is difficult, and being truthful, authentic, and trustworthy in your dealings with custom
31、ers and staff. Can profoundly-rewarding, mission-serving, life- and work-enhancing actions get any simpler than this? Not likely. （分数：71.00）(1).When people trust each other in an organization, all things will be easier to complete.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Competence perception is about your understand
32、ing of your own potentials and abilities.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).People usually place their trust in famous people.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).The integrity of the leadership of the organization is the best method for promoting a trusting work environment.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Trust is composed of three
33、elements: the capacity for trusting, the perception of competence, and_.（分数：7.10）_(6).Owing to some life experiences, people often lack_ in many workplaces.（分数：7.10）_(7).When managers are skilful in_ distrust, employee turnover is usually improved.（分数：7.10）_(8).It is easier to control the trust in_
34、than in a large organization.（分数：7.10）_(9).If employees trust their supervisors, they seldom make_.（分数：7.10）_(10).Trust is a matter of_ rather than of technique.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He should relax for a while.B.The man should see a doctor in the library.C.It shouldnt ta
35、ke long to write the proposal.D.He should wrap up his books as quickly as possible.A.She doesnt really know what to buy.B.She doesnt like going shopping in big stores.C.She has too many choices of the same product.D.She is regretting not having taken enough money.A.He is not equal to the job.B.He is
36、 not well paid for his work.C.He doesnt think the job is challenging enough.D.He cannot keep his mind on his work.A.The man thinks traveling by air is quite safe.B.The woman never travels by plane.C.Both speakers feel nervous when flying.D.The speakers feel sad about the serious loss of life.A.The t
37、rees are what make the campus beautiful.B.The trees help cool down the air.C.She doesnt need to turn on her air conditioner anymore.D.She would like the air conditioner on.A.Stop thinking about the matter.B.Talk the drug user out of the habit.C.Be more friendly to his schoolmate.D.Keep his distance
38、from drug addicts.A.He is not used to big cities.B.He is very tall and thin.C.He will be hard to find.D.He should watch what he does.A.It will take about one month to repair the watch.B.The woman should have saved more money.C.It is a good idea to keep the old watch.D.The watch is no longer worth re
39、pairing.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.George and his wife travel abroad for the holiday this year.B.George asked a friend for advice about a trip abroad.C.George gets some advice from a friend about his possible trip abroad.D.George and his wife would like to travel abroad this holiday but they are s
40、till hesitating to do so.A.George always hesitates at everything.B.Georges wife is much too concerned about things at home.C.George cant really decide anything at home.D.George and his wife hardly go anywhere for holiday year after year because they cant decided where to go.A.Whether they can afford
41、 the cost of the trip.B.Whether someone will take care of their house, garden and pets while they are away.C.Whether they should go by air or by sea.D.Whether the trip will keep them away from home for too long.A.$15,000.B.$10,500.C.$14,000.D.$16,000.A.Four.B.Five.C.Three.D.Seven.A.Next month.B.Next
42、 week.C.Two days later.D.Ten days later.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.A box.B.A young tree.C.A book.D.Apples.A.Because the farmer planted the tree near the road.B.Because the farmer planted the tree on one of his field.C.Because the farmer planted the tree near his house.D.Because the farmer planted
43、the tree in his woods.A.The Farmer and An Apple Tree.B.How to Plant an Apple Tree.C.A Friends Gift.D.An Apple Tree.A.To explain why people fail to act in emergencies.B.To explain when people will act in emergencies.C.To explain what people will do in emergencies.D.To explain how people feel in emerg
44、enciesA.They are afraid of emergencies.B.They are reluctant to get themselves involved.C.Others will act if they themselves hesitate.D.They do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help.A.We shouldnt blame a person if he fails to act in emergencies.B.A person must feel guilty if he f
45、ails to help.C.People should be responsible for themselves in emergencies.D.When you are in trouble, people will help you anyway. Passage ThreeA.The weakness of the price system.B.The complexities of the price system.C.Credit terms in transactions.D.Resource allocation and the public serviceA.Labour
46、 and education.B.Transportation and insurance.C.Utilities and repairs.D.Products and services.A.Instructions that come with a product.B.The quantity of a product.C.The quality of a product.D.Warranties that cover a product.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Lets look (36) 1history to an earlier way of life.
47、 At one time, children didnt have to learn any more than how to cope with their (37) 2environment. They had to learn to be careful about around moving objects, to draw back when they got too close to something (38) 3. They didnt need any special schools to learn these things, other than the school of experience. (39) 4the school is necessary for them to learn how to (40) 5. Because their parents taught them all they need to know about
