1、大学英语六级 46及答案解析(总分：447.97，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a LetterYou should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese； 假设你是你们学校的学生会主席，请代表学生会起草一份倡议书，号召全校同学行动起来，为环保运动做出自己的努力。同时下周六学校将组织同学在全市进行环保宣传活动，征召志愿者到
2、校学生会报名。 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)“The global employment situation is gloomy (惨淡) and will become still gloomier“. General Director Michel Hansenne of the International Labour Organisation said in September 1998. The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) repres
3、ents 125 million organised workers in 145 countries. While women make up 39 per cent of this rank and file, only ten per cent of the board (董事会) members are women. In April 2000 the ICFTU Congress changed its statutes so that women are expected to increase their representation at the next Congress i
4、n 2004. The global labour force includes half of the worlds population, numbering about three billion people. -Half of all jobs are in agriculture. A significant proportion of these jobs are seasonal in the developing countries. -Almost one third of those employed work in the service industries. -40
5、 per cent of working people are women. Women are in the majority in subcontracting (转包合同) and temporary jobs, part-time and temporary employment and in the informal sector. 250 million children are involved in working life. Of these, 110 million are girls aged 5 to 14 years. A majority of the labour
6、 force in the developing countries work in the informal or grey sector (灰色行业,指不正当行业) of the economy, in which employment is not regulated by collective agreements and even legislation has little impact. One billion people suffer from lack of work. The labour supply greatly exceeds its demand. There
7、are 150 million unemployed and about 750 to 900 million underemployed worldwide. A situation in which roughly one third of the global labour force suffer from lack of work perpetuates (使继续) a serious imbalance in the labour market. For the employers this offers an effective means to pressure employe
8、es to accept substandard working conditions. The lack of work is greatest in the developing countries. Very high unemployment rates are common all over the third world. In the European Union the general unemployment rate was just under ten per cent at the beginning of the year 2000, while in the USA
9、 and Japan it was four to five per cent. Of the unemployed 60 million are aged 15 to 24 years. Highly skilled jobs are concentrated in the industrialised countries, while those demanding fewer skills are in the developing countries. This gap is not narrowing. The demand for unskilled labour is conti
10、nuously decreasing in the affluent countries as the emphasis moves ever more towards production demanding highly skilled labour. In the 1980s and 1990s the parallel change in the developing countries was slower than in the economically developed countries. In some developing countries vocational ski
11、lls barely developed at all. People in working life have noticed the increased competition in the form of growing demands made by employers. Often these demands are inordinate. According to a report published in Helsingin Sanomat in June 2000, Finnish President Tarja Halonen described the consequenc
12、es of excessive demands made by employers at a seminar organised by the Social Insurance Institution KELA in the following terms: “There are rather many burned out or overburdened people at workplaces nowadays, and in many ways work exceeds its frame of reference to affect leisure time and family li
13、fe so that people lose the ability to cope with working life“. This stress has been augmented by a loss of job security and, especially in the public sector, by the increased prevalence of temporary jobs. Employers apply pressure on their employees by threatening to transfer their work to subcontrac
14、tors or to other corporations offering services for hire. Efforts to protect individual employment in Finland have led to uncompensated overtime work in many industries. In the 1990s this phenomena also became more common in the municipal sector. It represents an exacerbated (加剧的) example of how fie
15、rcer competition increases the pressure to undermine working conditions. The more employee groups concede (让步) in the face of such pressure, the more difficult it is for others to defend their working conditions, and the race to the bottom accelerates (加速). The system of collective bargaining gives
16、the best protection to wage and salary earners. Collective agreements offer the most effective means of preventing “the race to the bottom“. The Finnish public is well aware of this, as was clear from a survey made by the SAK organisation in late winter 2000. 73 per cent of those interviewed conside
17、red that employees are in a weak position when wages, salaries and other working conditions are entirely negotiated at the workplace. 79 per cent of wage earners and 78 per cent of salaried employees concur with this view. 63 per cent of those in managerial positions are of a similar opinion. 54 per
18、 cent of entrepreneurs consider it important to settle working conditions by collective bargaining. However, one third of the Finns are of the opinion that employers must have the right to employ people at whatever conditions job applicants agree to. There are no collective agreements of generally b
19、inding character in the municipal sector. In school cleaning, for example, two different agreements may be applied if part of the work is commissioned from a private company. The pay and the other benefits for the same work may differ substantially, which tempts employers to choose the cheaper alter
20、native regardless of the outcome of the work. This is a hard challenge for municipal staff. The arrangement has been exacerbated by an increase in the number of bids made by unorganised employers and of those who hire out labour in competitive tendering for public services. This limits the prospects
21、 for defending appropriate pay levels and decent working conditions. The European Union trade union movement is calling for the inclusion of the basic rights of wage and salary earners in the EU charter. In the first half of the year 2000 the trade union organisations stepped up their lobbying of EU
22、 policymakers in this area. The Core standards for working life must be the starting point everywhere. Defending core labour standards is a fundamental principle in the strategy of the international trade union movement. In 1998 the Member States of the International Labour Organisation ILO specifie
23、d what they meant by core labour standards. Their goal is: - to secure the right to organise and the right to collective bargaining, -to prevent discrimination based on gender, race or religion in recruiting (征召) and pay, -to limit the participation in working life of minors and completely stop chil
24、d labour in the worst jobs, and -to bring an end to forced labour. There is no country where women are not victims of discriminated in the labour market. The extreme case is Afghanistan. Appealing to the Koran, its hard-line Islamic leadership has forbidden women from participating in working life.
25、As far as business enterprises are concerned, discrimination in recruiting and promotion is an oddity, as it means under-utilisation of the skills and know-how of women. As such, this also hampers the development of society as a whole. In all cases discrimination against women has been inherited fro
26、m the past when women were responsible for work in the home, while men worked outside the home. In the last decades of the 20th century, however, female participation in working life increased at an accelerating pace so that by the beginning of the new millennium 40 per cent of the global labour for
27、ce was female. Many growth industries have a female majority in the labour force. By increasing the proportion of women in its leading bodies the trade union movement will become stronger and its ability to promote organisation will improve. This has been stressed in several official decisions of tr
28、ade union committees. The trade union movement in Finland believes that it can solve this problem by analysing the consequences of the alternatives for the position of women when it prepares its decisions. Trade union organisations in several other countries have adopted a similar approach. However
29、this method of mainstreaming has not been fully applied in any country. （分数：71.00）(1).Women make up 39% of the total number of members in The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), and only 10% of women enter the board before 2004.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Men make up 60% of global l
30、abour force.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Women are more inclined to be engaged in subcontracting and temporary jobs, part-time and temporary employment and in the informal sector than men.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).The developing countries suffer more greatly from unemployment than the developed countries.（分数
31、：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).A situation in which roughly one third of the global labour force suffer from lack of work perpetuates_.（分数：7.10）_(6).The demand for unskilled labour is continuously decreasing in the affluent countries as the emphasis moves ever more towards_.（分数：7.10）_(7).Employers put pressure
32、 on their employees by threatening to_ or to other corporations offering services for hire.（分数：7.10）_(8).The system of collective bargaining gives the best protection to_.（分数：7.10）_(9).The European Union trade union movement is calling to write the basic rights of wage and salary earners into the_.（
33、分数：7.10）_(10).By increasing _the trade union movement will become stronger and its ability to promote organisation will improve.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.To ask for a wake-up call.B.To catch a later flight.C.To go to bed early.D.To cancel his trip.A.The mans attitude is more
34、sensible than the womans.B.They have different opinions as to what to do next.C.They have to pay for the house by installments.D.They will fix a telephone in the bathroom.A.She will no longer get letters from Canada.B.She cant give the stamps to the mans sister.C.She will save the stamps for the man
35、s sister.D.She has given the stamps to the mans roommates.A.Looking for a postcard.B.Visiting the Brownings.C.Filling in a form.D.Writing a postcard.A.They should find a better lab for the project.B.The man should meet his partners needs.C.They should come to a compromise.D.The man should work with
36、somebody else.A.She cant afford a computer right now.B.She cant finish her assignment, either.C.The man should buy a computer right away.D.The man can use her computer.A.The visiting economist has given several lectures.B.Dr. Johnson and the guest speaker were schoolmates.C.Dr. Johnson invited the e
37、conomist to visit their college.D.The guest lecturers opinion is different from Dr. Johnsons.A.Football is her favorite pastime.B.The game has been canceled.C.Their team played very badly.D.Shes never watched a better game.A.The man should take up a new hobby.B.The man should stop playing tennis.C.T
38、he man should stick to what hes doing.D.The man should find the cause for his failure.A.A terrible nightmare.B.An imaginary situation.C.A real life experience.D.An invented story.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.She attended one of its meetings.B.Her roommate is a member of it.C.She saw the members prot
39、esting.D.She read about it in the newspaper.A.Secure more student parking spaces.B.Preserve an open space on campus.C.Get more funding for their group.D.Schedule a meeting with college administrators.A.Go to class.B.Go on a picnic.C.Attend a meeting.D.Attend the rally.A.Help the man plan a student r
40、ally.B.Use the student parking lot.C.Make a donation to support the group.D.Sign a petition.A.She doesnt know where all her money has gone.B.She has no time to study.C.She has to take more part-time work.D.She is short of money.A.190 dollars.B.760 dollars.C.250 dollars.D.1010 dollars.A.He is Janes b
41、oyfriend.B.He is Janes financial consultant.C.He and Jane are schoolmates.D.He works in the loan section of a bank.A.She wants Harry to be her financial consultant.B.She earns little but spends far too much money for a student.C.She has a poor head for economics.D.She wants to ask for a loan from Ha
42、rrys bank.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.They are delighted because they can enjoy the scenery while driving.B.They are frightened because traffic accidents are frequent.C.They are irritated because the bridge is jammed with cars.D.They are pleased because it saves them much time.A.They dont have thei
43、r own cars to drive to work.B.Many of them are romantic by temperament.C.Most of them enjoy the drinks on the boat.D.They tend to be more friendly to each other.A.Many welcome the idea of having more bars on board.B.Many prefer the ferry to maintain its present speed.C.Some suggest improving the des
44、ign of the deck.D.Some object to using larger luxury boats.A.The crops blooming period is delayed.B.The roots of crops are cut off.C.The topsoil is seriously damaged.D.The growth of weeds is accelerated.A.Its a new way of applying chemical fertilizer.B.Its an improved method of harvesting crops.C.It
45、s a creative technique for saving labor.D.Its a farming process limiting the use of ploughs.A.In areas with few weeds and unwanted plants.B.In areas with a severe shortage of water.C.In areas lacking in chemical fertilizer.D.In areas dependent on imported food.A.Scholarship.B.Language talent.C.Scree
46、ning system.D.Scholastic ability.A.Learn the important aspect of American life.B.Bring returns back to his native land.C.Improve his language ability.D.Earn enough money to support his study.A.Become a member of the Committee for the Exchange of Foreign Students.B.Find the organization sponsoring hi
47、m.C.Learn how to get accustomed to the life in the United States.D.Stay in a foreign country for six months.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Lets proceed to the main exhibit hall and look at some of the actual vehicles that have played a prominent role in speeding up mail delivery. Consider how long it used to take to send a letter across a relatively short (36) 1. Back in the 1600s it took two weeks on (37) 2to get a letter from Boston to New York, a of about 260 miles. C
