1、大学英语六级 45及答案解析(总分：448.05，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Deal with Job Burnout? You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese； 1. 在充满市场竞争的现代社会中，工作倦怠(Job Burnout)
2、已经成为世界范围内的普遍现象。据调查统计，?0%的中国职场人士出现了不同程度的工作倦怠。 2为什么会出现工作倦怠? 3政府、企业和所有职场人士如何防止工作倦怠的出现。 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)By the mid-1990s, banks and investment organizations had realized that academics skilled in mathematical modelling could help them to devise winning strategies with which
3、 to play the worlds financial markets. George Sugihara, who had built a formidable reputation among ecologists by analyzing the population dynamics of fish and plankton (浮游生物), was a prize catch. Deutsche Bank wanted him to apply those talents to its “black-box project“, a secret endeavour designed
4、to predict the prices of various financial instruments. Sugihara struck a hard bargain. In addition to providing an ample salary, Deutsche Bank agreed to let him stay in San Diego where the Frankfurt-based firm provided a large luxurious office overlooking the harbour. There, it gave him all the res
5、ources he needed to devise models to interpret price trends from masses of financial data. In 1995, when Sugihara took leave of absence from the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), his colleagues thought it unlikely that he would ever return few scientists who have been seduced by the world
6、of finance have later resumed their academic careers. But Sugihara has changed that trend, and is now applying his experience in finance to marine conservation. He wants to harness market forces to prevent over-fishing which governments and the scientists who advise them have mostly so far failed to
7、 achieve. In reality, Sugihara never gave up his studies of biological oceanography. During his four years with Deutsche Bank, he taught part-time at UCSD, and published more than a dozen scientific articles on complex biological systems. When his leave period was up, he says, hard science was alway
8、s going to win over high finance. “No, it wasnt hard to leave that world,“ he says. “I really wanted to do science.“ But Sugiharas experience of the markets has changed the way he thinks about managing the oceans natural resources. For decades, investors have traded on markets for the future prices
9、of virtually every commodity, from grain crops, through orange juice, to oil. Yet despite worldwide sales of at least US$80 billion a year, there is no futures market for fish. Sugihara hopes to change that. By providing people with the means to make money, and offering a structured financial enviro
10、nment for the worldwide catch and sale of fish, he argues, it should be possible to prevent stock depletion. Trading places To this end, Sugihara and a number of scientific colleagues are now seeking start-up finance for a company called the Ocean Resource Exchange. This would trade and lease financ
11、ial instruments or derivatives associated with fish catches, on an electronic commodities exchange. Perhaps trading is in Sugiharas genes. His Japanese father was a trader in wood products, who settled in California in 1951 with his Indonesian wife and young son, seeking new opportunities away from
12、the turmoil of post-war Asia. But the young Sugihara didnt follow his father into business. After graduating from the University of Michigan in 1973, he embarked on an academic career, initially studying lake cores in Africa. First he worked in Zambia, where he identified pollens and diatoms for pal
13、aeoclimate (古气候) studies. Later, he moved to Tunisia to study algal productivity and the origins of hydrogen sulphide emissions from Lake Tunis. Sugiharas analytical mind found this fieldwork unsatisfying, so he returned to Michigan to bone up (突击钻研) on mathematics. “I took 26 courses in two years,“
14、 he says. And with his growing mathematical sophistication, he developed a theory to explain an observed regularity in the distribution of species abundance. When he approached Robert May, then conducting pioneering analyses of biodiversity at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jerse
15、y, with the theory, May immediately recognized Sugiharas potential and signed him up as a doctoral student. By the time Sugihara completed his PhD in 1982, he already had his eyes on UCSDs Scripps Institution of Oceanography, which hosted a largely untapped repository of oceano-graphic and fisheries
16、 data. “This was a gold mine,“ says Sugihara. “And no one was looking at it intensively.“ At Scripps, Sugihara used these data to develop and test mathematical models designed to probe the dynamics of complex biological systems. Among the results was an influential article published with May, which
17、showed how to use nonlinear equations formulas where output isnt proportional to input to make short-term predictions about the behaviour of chaotic systems such as the population dynamics of marine plankton. Financial Trend setter Among those who recognized the equations power was former behavioura
18、l ecologist Steven Schulman, who knew Sugihara from Princeton. By 1990, Schulman was in the New York office of the financial firm Merrill Lynch, conducting quantitative analyses to reduce investment risk. In Sugiharas equations, Schulman saw the possibility of predicting prices in market derivatives
19、. So he brokered a consulting deal: Merrill Lynch provided Sugihara with financial data, which he mined for price trends. For Sugihara, it was a dream. First, the arrangement allowed him to put his own finances on a sounder footing. “I couldnt afford to send my children to college, back then,“ he sa
20、ys. Analysing the markets also presented him with fresh intellectual challenges. “Im driven by access to data,“ he says. And at the time, Sugihara was even more discreet, telling acquaintances who asked about his work: “Im a teacher.“ Former colleagues who visited didnt know what to make of his new
21、life as a financial predictor. Sugihara recalls the first time that May dropped by at his harbour-side office and assumed he was the victim of an elaborate practical joke. “He opened a desk drawer to look for something with my name on it,“ Sugihara says. Sugiharas earnings in the world of finance ha
22、ve provided a home with an enviable sea view, plus a vintage Porsche (保时捷汽车) parked in the garage. But by the standards of banking highfliers, these are limited extravagances. For Sugihara, acquiring wealth was never the main goal, so he had few doubts about getting back on the treadmill of winning
23、grants for his research. Thats not always easy for someone who cuts across disciplines, and whose ideas are often ahead of their time. “Its too far out of the box“ is a common comment from reviewers, Sugihara says. But unlike his colleagues, whose grant applications get tossed aside, Sugihara has th
24、e luxury of being able to support some of his own research, using a trust fund set up during his Deutsche Bank days. In part, that was how he funded his latest work, an analysis of environmental fluctuations and ecological catastrophes in the North Pacific. This suggests that fishing quotas may need
25、 to be set more conservatively, and adjusted more frequently to compensate for environmental conditions, than is typically the case. “The way fish quotas are set is wrong,“ says Sugihara. “It doesnt fit nature or reality.“ Net gains The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), which sets quotas in
26、US waters, is at least prepared to listen to this message. When Sugihara gave a lecture in June to a NMFS scientific panel on quota methodology in the North Pacific, his talk went on for two hours three times as long as scheduled as agency staff quizzed him on the details. “It was really interesting
27、,“ says Jeffrey Polovina, a NMFS biological oceanographer. “But it was pretty complicated stuff. Most of us dont have the background in chaos theory.“ Sugihara hopes that the Ocean Resource Exchange will provide an incentive to preserve fish stocks that doesnt rely on a detailed understanding of com
28、plex biological systems, and instead taps into peoples baser instincts(直觉). “Show them how to make more money,“ he says. The first derivative is likely to be a futures contract for a certain percentage of a fishermans catch at an agreed price at a specified time. “Essentially, these are tradable opt
29、ions for fishing rights,“ Sugihara says. Fishermen and investors could hedge their bets, which should reduce the tendency for catches to swing between boom and bust(萧条期), and give all stakeholders a tangible financial incentive not to cheat and plunder the ecosystem for the maximum short-term return
30、. As a test of the idea, Sugihara is modeling the concept using data from a Californian squid fishery where about 200 vessels bring in a haul worth up to US$36 million per year. But both catches and prices can fluctuate widely, making it a prime candidate for a market in derivatives(即时变化率). “The mot
31、ive here is public service,“ he says. “I think we can use market forces for conservation.“ （分数：71.00）(1).George Sugihara was an ecologist when he was employed with high pay by Deutsche Bank.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Sugihara wants to harness market forces to prevent over-fishing which governments and t
32、he scientists could not often achieve so far.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).There are many futures markets for fish now.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Ocean Resource Exchange is a company to carry its trade and lease activities through electronic commodities exchange.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Sugihara graduated from_
33、in 1973.（分数：7.10）_(6).Sugihara used the untapped data provided by_ to develop and test mathematical models designed to probe the dynamics of complex biological systems.（分数：7.10）_(7).Sugiharas equations power was recognized by the former ecologist_.（分数：7.10）_(8).Sugiharas main goal was not_.（分数：7.10）
34、_(9).Why did Sugiharas lecture to a NMFS scientific panel prolong so much?（分数：7.10）_(10).Sugihara proposes to rely on_ rather than a detailed understanding of complex biological systems to preserve fish stocks.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.In a park.B.In a museum.C.In a zoo.D.In
35、the pet store.A.Get directions to the bus station.B.Get to the grocery store.C.Give the man directions to the bus station.D.Find out where the stoplight is.A.Shes a maid.B.She sells stoves and refrigerators.C.Shes an apartment manager.D.Shes a real estate agent.A.$400.B.A little less than $400.C.No
36、money at all.D.A great deal less than $400.A.A bus station.B.An airport.C.A super highway.D.A train station.A.He got angry with his boss.B.He always got to work late.C.He was frequently sick and absent from work.D.He prepared a financial report incorrectly.A.In a department store.B.In a bank.C.At a
37、tourist bureau.D.At a hotel.A.Eat before seeing the movie.B.See the movie immediately.C.Get the first theater seat.D.Stay in town for a while.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.How she is able to look younger and more energetic than her age.B.What is the best age of ones life and how she feels about her a
38、ge.C.How people in their 20s and 30s differ in their attitudes toward what to do with their lives.D.Why people buy expensive face creams and if they really work.A.People between 25 and 30 dont want to talk about the consequences of what they do.B.People between 25 and 30 often fail to do anything be
39、cause of lack of experience.C.People who are a bit older are more mature and are more likely to succeed.D.People who are a bit older tend to hesitate before deciding what to do.A.She is very vain.B.She tries very hard to hide her real age from others.C.She had a good life when she was younger and st
40、ill feels young at heart.D.She is no longer young but she manages to look younger by using expensive face creams.A.How different kinds of pepper are produced.B.Why white pepper is superior to dishes.C.How the pepper plant is grown.D.How various peppers are used in cooking.A.He read about it in a coo
41、kbook.B.He grows his own herbs and spices.C.He heard about it from a friend.D.He studied it in cooking school.A.Its preserved in liquid.B.The skin is removed.C.Its dried in the sun.D.Its freeze-dried.A.He answered all her questions correctly.B.He received a good grade in cooking class.C.She likes wh
42、at he has just cooked.D.Shes impressed with his knowledge.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.The colonists preferred corn bread.B.Corn was more abundant.C.The colonists did not know how to make wheat bread.D.Corn bread did not spoil as rapidly as wheat bread did.A.It was easy to ship from England.B.Horses
43、 occasionally ate it if there was no grain available.C.People took it with them when they traveled.D.It was easy to prepare over an open fire in the forests.A.It tends to vary geographically.B.It corresponds to an individuals social class.C.It changes over a period of time.D.It depends on whether or
44、 not the individual is a gourmet.A.Because it was more nutritious than other type of bread.B.Because it did not require yeast.C.Because it stayed fresh for a long time.D.Because it took less time to brake.A.A delicate art.B.A religion.C.An exact science.D.A way of life.A.His general health will bene
45、fit greatly.B.He will begin to breathe more regularly.C.His flexibility will decrease.D.He will lose weight readily.A.Begin breathing through the nostrils.B.Slow down somewhat, but continue straining.C.Stop the particular exercise at once.D.Close his mouth immediately.A.The students in Open Universi
46、ty must have left school 20 years ago.B.The students in Open University are at least 21 years old.C.The students in Open University are only housewives.D.The students in Open University have to pass the entrance examination.A.At the airport.B.By plane.C.Taking the air.D.On radio and TV.A.36B.283C.3D
47、.4 to 5.A.In 4 or 5 years.B.In one year.C.In 3 or 4 years.D.In 36 weeks.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In controlling your dreams the key words are (36) 1, practice, effort, and (37) 2. In the beginning you may be able to (38) 3some control in your dreams, such as changing the scene or situation, or controlling your own actions, but it will likely take you a while to gain (39) control of your dreams. This is due to the fact that it can be difficu
