1、大学英语六级 42及答案解析(总分：427.98，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic A Letter to a Schoolmate. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. 假设你是李明，你有一校友玩网络游戏成瘾，请给他写封信，劝告他戒掉这种游戏。
2、 你的信应包括以下内容： 1你得知他玩网络游戏成瘾的渠道及你的感受； 2过分玩网络游戏的危害； 3你对他的建议或忠告。 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Most Important Secret About Trust What Is Trust? You know when you have trust; you know when you dont have trust. Yet, what is trust and how is trust usefully defined for the workplace? Can
3、you build trust when it doesnt exist? How do you maintain and build upon the trust you may currently have in your workplace? These are important questions for todays rapidly changing world. Trust forms the foundation for effective communication, employee retention, and employee motivation and contri
4、bution of discretionary (自由决定的) energy, the extra effort that people voluntarily invest in work. When trust exists in an organization or in a relationship, almost everything is easier to achieve. According to Dr. Duane C. Tway, Jr. in his 1993 dissertation, A Construct of Trust, “There exists today,
5、 no practical construct of Trust that allows us to design and implement organizational interventions to significantly increase trust levels between people. We all think we know what Trust is from our own experience, but we dont know much about how to improve it. Why? I believe it is because we have
6、been taught to look at Trust as if it were a single entity.“ The Three Constructs of Trust Tway defines trust as “the state of readiness for unguarded interaction with someone or something“. He developed a model of trust that includes three components. He calls trust a construct because it is “const
7、ructed“ of these three components: the capacity for trusting, the perception of competence, and the perception of intentions. Thinking about trust as made up of the interaction and existence of these three components makes “trust“ easier to understand. The capacity for trusting means that your life
8、experiences have developed your current capacity and willingness to risk trusting others. The perception of competence is made up of your perception of your ability and the ability of others with whom you work in your current situation. The perception of intentions, as defined by Tway, is your perce
9、ption that the actions, words, missions, or decisions are motivated by mutually-serving rather than self-serving motives. Why Trust Is Critical in a Healthy Organization? How important is building a trusting work environment? According to Tway, people have been interested in trust since Aristotle. T
10、way states, “Aristotle (384BC-322BC), writing in the Rhetoric, suggested that Ethos, the Trust of a speaker by the listener, was based on the listeners perception of three characteristics of the speaker. Aristotle believed these three characteristics to be the intelligence of the speaker (correctnes
11、s of opinions, or competence), the character of the speaker (reliabilitya competence factor, and honestmeasure of intentions), and the goodwill of the speaker (favorable intentions toward the listener). I dont think this has changed much even today.“ Additional research by Tway and others shows that
12、 trust is the basis for much of the environment you want to create in your workplace. Trust is the necessary precursor (先兆) for: -feeling able to rely upon a person, -cooperating with and experiencing teamwork with a group, -taking thoughtful risks, and -experiencing believable communication. How to
13、 Maintain Trust? The best way to maintain a trusting work environment is to keep from injuring trust in the first place. The integrity of the leadership of the organization is critical. The truthfulness and transparency of the communication with staff is also a critical factor. The presence of a str
14、ong, unifying mission and vision can also promote a trusting environment. Providing information about the rationale, background, and thought processes behind decisions is also an important aspect of maintaining trust. Another is organizational success; people are more apt to trust their competence,
15、contribution, and direction when part of a successful project or organization. What Injures the Trust Relationship? Yet, even in an organization in which trust is a priority, things that can injure trust happen daily. A communication is misunderstood; a customer order is misdirected and no one quest
16、ions an obvious mistake. The owner of a company that went through a bankruptcy, even though trusted on the “intentions“ side of Tways trust model, was severely injured in the eyes of the workforce, in the “perceived competence“ aspects of the model. In the first aspect of the construct, the capacity
17、 for trust, even when organizations do their best, many people are unwilling to trust because of their life experiences. In many workplaces, people are taught to mistrust as they are repeatedly misinformed and misled. The Critical Role of the Leader or Supervisor in Trust Relationships Simon Fraser
18、University assistant Professor Kurt Dicks studied the impact of trust in college basketball team success. After surveying the players on 30 teams, he determined that players on successful teams were more likely to trust their coach. He found these players were more likely to believe that their coach
19、 knew what was required for them to win. They believed the coach had their best interests at heart; they believed the coach came through on what he promised. (Something to think about: Trust in their teammates was hardly deemed important in the study.) Del Jones of the Gannett News Service reports t
20、hat in a March, 2001 Wirthlin Worldwide study of employees, 67 percent said they were committed to their employers. Only 38 percent felt their employers were committed to them. In another study, by C. Ken Weidner, an assistant professor at the Center for Organization Development at Loyola University
21、 Chicago, findings suggest several implications for organizational performance and change. Weidner found that a managers skills in developing relationships that reduce or eliminate distrust have a positive impact on employee turnover (人员流动率). He feels that turnover may be a result of organizations f
22、ailing to “draw people in“. He also found that trust in the supervisor is associated with better individual performance. Specific Trust Relationship Building and Maintaining Steps You cannot always control the trust you experience in your large organization, but you can act in ways that promote trus
23、t within your immediate work environment. The following are ways to create and preserve a trusting work environment. -Hire and promote people, who are capable of forming positive, trusting interpersonal relationships with people who report to them, to supervisory positions. -Develop the skills of al
24、l employees and especially those of current supervisors and people desiring promotion, in interpersonal relationship building and effectiveness. -Keep staff members truthfully informed. Provide as much information as you can comfortably divulge as soon as possible in any situation. -Expect superviso
25、rs to act with integrity and keep commitments. If you cannot keep a commitment, explain what is happening in the situation without delay. Current behavior and actions are perceived by employees as the basis for predicting future behavior. Supervisors who act as if they are worthy of trust will more
26、likely be followed with fewer complaints. -Confront hard issues in a timely fashion. If an employee has excessive absences or spends work time wandering around, it is important to confront the employee about these issues. Other employees will watch and trust you more. -Protect the interest of all em
27、ployees in a work group. Do not talk about absent employees, nor allow others to place blame, call names, or point fingers. -Display competence in supervisory and other work tasks. Know what you are talking about, and if you dont knowadmit it. -Listen with respect and full attention. Exhibit empathy
28、 and sensitivity to the needs of staff members. -Take thoughtful risks to improve service and products for the customer. -If you are a supervisor or a team member, set high expectations and act as if you believe staff members are capable of living up to them. Build a Trust Relationship Over Time Tru
29、st is built and maintained by many small actions over time. Marsha Sinetar, the author, said, “Trust is not a matter of technique, but of character; we are trusted because of our way of being, not because of our polished exteriors or our expertly crafted communications.“ So fundamentally, trust, and
30、 here is the secret I promised in the tide of this article, is the cornerstone, me foundation, for everything youd like your organization to be now and for everything youd like it to become in the future. Lay this groundwork well. Trust is telling the truth, even when it is difficult, and being trut
31、hful, authentic, and trustworthy in your dealings with customers and staff. Can profoundly-rewarding, mission-serving, life- and work-enhancing actions get any simpler than this? Not likely. （分数：71.00）(1).When people trust each other in an organization, all things will be easier to complete.（分数：7.10
32、）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Competence perception is about your understanding of your own potentials and abilities.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).People usually place their trust in famous people.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).The integrity of the leadership of the organization is the best method for promoting a trusting work e
33、nvironment.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Trust is composed of three elements: the capacity for trusting, the perception of competence, and_.（分数：7.10）_(6).Owing to some life experiences, people often lack_ in many workplaces.（分数：7.10）_(7).When managers are skilful in_ distrust, employee turnover is usually
34、improved.（分数：7.10）_(8).It is easier to control the trust in_ than in a large organization.（分数：7.10）_(9).If employees trust their supervisors, they seldom make_.（分数：7.10）_(10).Trust is a matter of_ rather than of technique.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Shes going away for a while.
35、B.She did well on the test.C.She worked hard and earned a lot of money.D.She didnt have to. work hard for the exam.A.Susan is a fast worker.B.Susan did Jacks homework.C.Susan didnt do the homework on her own.D.Susan has not finished her homework.A.He read the cabinet report.B.He read the newspaper.C
36、.He listened to a radio report.D.Hes secretary telephoned him.A.Hurry to the conference.B.Skip the conference.C.Take the subway.D.Take a bus.A.He is confident.B.He is worried.C.He is bored.D.He is angry.A.He used to be a workman himself.B.He likes to do repairs and make things himself.C.He is a prof
37、essional builder.D.He paid workmen to decorate the house.A.The woman doesnt like jam.B.The woman forgot where she had left the jar.C.The man had an accident.D.The man broke the jar.A.Opinions about the book are varied.B.The man thinks the book is excellent.C.You shouldnt believe everything you read.
38、D.The woman wonders which newspaper the man is reading.A.Its quite normal.B.Its too high.C.Its cheap indeed.D.It could be cheaper.A.The admission of a patient.B.Diagnosis of an illness.C.The old mans serious condition.D.Sending for a doctor.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.How to care for precious metal
39、s.B.A standard unit for measuring weight.C.The value of precious metals.D.Using the metric system.A.To check the accuracy of scales.B.To calculate the density of other metals.C.To observe changes in the atmosphere.D.To measure amounts of rainfall.A.Someone spilled water on it.B.Someone lost it.C.It
40、was made of low quality metal.D.The standard for measuring had changed.A.It is a small amount to pay for so much precious metal.B.It is difficult to judge the value of such an object.C.It is reasonable for an object with such an important function.D.It is too high for such a light weight.A.He was il
41、l for more than a month.B.He was ill but had a happy holiday.C.His holiday was ruined because of his illness.D.He was in bed for a week.A.His bodys resistance was low and he went to big department store.B.He was overtired and didnt eat nutritious food.C.He was stressed out because he had to decide w
42、hich gift to buy.D.He had to run around all day.A.Avoid big crowds where lots of people are coughing and sneezing.B.Have medicine.C.Go and see a doctor.D.Have rest and eat well.A.Because she thinks the man is seriously ill.B.Because the man can get immunized there for free.C.Because all the service
43、is free of charge in the university health center.D.Because the vaccine has been invented there recently.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)A.As much as 93%.B.As much as 80%.C.As much as 75%.D.As much as 60%.A.Food will go bad.B.Food will be checked.C.The bacteria will be found on food.D.Food will not go ba
44、d so soon.A.Hot water.B.Ice.C.Hot air.D.Cold water.A.The removal of water in food helps prevent it from going rotten.B.The open-air method of drying food has been known for hundreds of years.C.In the course of dehydration, the temperature of hot current coming from entry to exit is gradually going u
45、p.D.The process of drying liquids is much more complex than that of drying solid food.A.People are basketball fans.B.People think this game is too violent.C.People didnt know this game well.D.People didnt have enough money to see football games.A.When it is a guest team.B.When it is a home team.C.Wh
46、en it has more money than others.D.When it has more fans than others.A.Mexico wasnt among the 4 final teams.B.Mexico was among the 4 final teams.C.Mexico wasnt among the 2 final teams.D.Mexico was among the 2 final teams.A.Kings and queens, princes and princesses, and lords and ladies built castles
47、in order to get more land.B.Around the outside of a castle, a moat was dug, which was often filled with water.C.A castle was built behind a thick and high stonewall, which was strong enough to stand the possible attack of enemies.D.If a drawbridge was pulled up, there was no way for people to enter the castle.A.They lived a luxurious life and their diet was very delicate.B.They lived a highly civilized court life.C.They lived
