1、大学英语六级 41 及答案解析(总分：448.02，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are. allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of apology. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 表达自己对晚交论文一事的歉意。 2说明未能按时交论文的原因。 3表示自己将尽快把论文补交上交表
2、示以后将按时交作业。 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)When people care enough about something to do it well, those who do it best tend to be far better than everyone else. Theres a huge gap between Leonardo and second-rate contemporaries. A top-ranked professional chess player could play ten thou
3、sand games against an ordinary club player without losing once. Like chess or painting or writing novels, making money is a very specialized skill. But for some reason we treat this skill differently. No one complains when a few people surpass all the rest at playing chess or writing novels, but whe
4、n a few people make more money than the rest, we get editorials saying this is wrong. Why? The pattern of variation seems no different than for any other skill. What causes people to react so strongly when the skill is making money? I think there are three reasons we treat making money as different:
5、 the misleading model of wealth we learn as children; the disreputable way in which, till recently, most fortunes were accumulated; and the worry that great variations in income are somehow bad for society. As far as I can tell, the first is mistaken, the second outdated, and the third empirically f
6、alse. Could it be that, in a modern democracy, variation in income is actually a sign of health? When I was five I thought electricity was created by electric sockets. I didnt realize there were power plants out there generating it. Likewise, it doesnt occur to most kids that wealth is something tha
7、t has to be generated. It seems to be something that flows from parents. Because of the circumstances in which they encounter it, children tend to misunderstand wealth. They confuse it with money. They think that there is a fixed amount of it. And they think of it as something thats distributed by a
8、uthorities (and so should be distributed equally), rather than something that has to be created (and might be created unequally). In fact, wealth is not money. Money is just a convenient way of trading one form of wealth for another. Wealth is the underlying stuffthe goods and services we buy. When
9、you travel to a rich or poor country, you dont have to look at peoples bank accounts to tell which kind you re in. You can see wealth in buildings and streets, in the clothes and the health of the people. Where does wealth come from? People make it. This was easier to grasp when most people lived on
10、 farms, and made many of the things they wanted with their own hands. Then you could see in the house, the herds, and the granary the wealth that each family created. It was obvious then too that the wealth of the world was not a fixed quantity that had to be shared out, like slices of a pie. If you
11、 wanted more wealth, you could make it. This is just as true today, though few of us create wealth directly for ourselves. Mostly we create wealth for other people in exchange for money, which we then trade for the forms of wealth we want. Because kids are unable to create wealth, whatever they have
12、 has to be given to them. And when wealth is something you re given, then of course it seems that it should be distributed equally. As in most families it is. The kids see to that. “Unfair,“ they cry, when one sibling (兄弟姐妹) gets more than another. In the real world, you cant keep living off your pa
13、rents. If you want something, you either have to make it, or do something of equivalent value for someone else, in order to get them to give you enough money to buy it. In the real world, wealth is (except for a few specialists like thieves and speculators) something you have to create, not somethin
14、g thats distributed by Daddy. And since the ability and desire to create it vary from person to person, its not made equally. You get paid by doing or making something people want, and those who make more money are often simply better at doing what people want. Top actors make a lot more money than
15、B-list actors. The B-list actors might be almost as charismatic, but when people go to the theater and look at the list of movies playing, they want that extra oomph (吸引力) that the big stars have. Doing what people want is not the only way to get money, of course. You could also rob banks, or solici
16、t bribes, or establish a monopoly. Such tricks account for some variation in wealth, and indeed for some of the biggest individual fortunes, but they are not the root cause of variation in income. The root cause of variation in income is the same as the root cause of variation in every other human s
17、kill. The second reason we tend to find great disparities of wealth alarming is that for most of human history the usual way to accumulate a fortune was to steal it: in pastoral societies by cattle raiding; in agricultural societies by appropriating others estates in times of war, and taxing them in
18、 times of peace. In conflicts, those on the winning side would receive the estates confiscated from the losers. In more organized societies, the ruler and his officials used taxation instead of confiscation. But here too we see the same principle: the way to get rich was not to create wealth, but to
19、 serve a ruler powerful enough to appropriate it. But it was not till the Industrial Revolution that wealth creation definitively replaced corruption as the best way to get rich. In England, at least, corruption only became unfashionable when there started to be other faster ways to get rich. Thirdl
20、y, one often hears a policy criticized on the grounds that it would increase the income gap between rich and poor. As if it were an axiom (公理) that this would be bad. It might be true that increased variation in income would be bad, but I dont see how we can say its axiomatic. Indeed, it may even be
21、 false, in industrial democracies. In a society of serfs (农奴) and warlords, certainly, variation in income is a sign of an underlying problem. But serfdom is not the only cause of variation in income. A 747 pilot doesnt make 40 times as much as a checkout clerk because he is a warlord. His skills ar
22、e simply much more valuable. Id like to propose an alternative idea: that in a modern society, increasing variation in income is a sign of health. Technology seems to increase the variation in productivity at faster than linear rates. If we dont see corresponding variation in income, there are three
23、 possible explanations: (a) that technical innovation has stopped, (b) that the people who would create the most wealth arent doing it, or (c) that they arent getting paid for it. If you suppress variations in income, whether by stealing private fortunes, as feudal rulers used to do, or by taxing th
24、em away, as some modern governments have done, the result always seems to be the same. Society as a whole ends up poorer. If I had a choice of living in a society where I was materially much better off than I am now, but was among the poorest, or in one where I was the richest, but much worse off th
25、an I am now, Id take the first option. If I had children, it would arguably be immoral not to. Its absolute poverty you want to avoid, not relative poverty. If, as the evidence so far implies, you have to have one or the other in your society, take relative poverty. You need rich people in your soci
26、ety not so much because in spending their money or they create jobs, but because of what they have to do to get rich. Im not talking about the trickle-down effect here. Im not saying that if you let Henry Ford get rich, hell hire you as a waiter at his next party. Im saying that hell make you a trac
27、tor to replace your horse. （分数：71.00）(1).Like chess or painting or writing novels, making money is a very specialized skill but is now treated not equally as playing chess or painting or writing novels.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Many parents tell their children that wealth is something that hasnt to be
28、generated. It is something that can flow from parents.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).In modern times, most of us create wealth directly for ourselves.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Such tricks as rob banks, or solicit bribes, or establish a monopoly account for the root cause of variation in income.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC
29、.NG(5).Peoples worry that_is empirically false.（分数：7.10）_(6).While Money is just a convenient way of trading one form of wealth for another, wealth is the underlying stuff_.（分数：7.10）_(7).When you travel abroad, you can judge whether the country is rich or poor by seeing wealth _instead of looking at
30、 people s account.（分数：7.10）_(8).In England, corruption only became unfashionable when_.（分数：7.10）_(9).If you suppress variations in income by whatever means, the result always seems to be the same _.（分数：7.10）_(10).You need rich people in your society basically because of_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Compre
31、hens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Pay Marsha for the bookshelf.B.Ask Marsha where the bookshelf is.C.Check for the book on Marshas shelf.D.Ask Marsha if she has an extra bookshelf.A.The car repair.B.A car order.C.An insurance claim.D.A bank loan.A.The man will easily find a good job in biochemistry.B.The man sh
32、ould choose another field with more opportunities.C.The man should try to get a job before he graduates.D.The man needs to study harder to be a biochemist.A.The woman always talks to other men.B.The woman wouldnt find the restaurant.C.The woman started a conversation with a stranger.D.The woman fini
33、shed talking to the men.A.The man will arrive at the hotel only fourteen minutes late.B.The man has a quarter to get to the hotel.C.The man will certainly miss his business.D.The woman does not think she will be able to drive quickly.A.The latest nurse is the best one.B.The latest nurse was ill for
34、two times last month.C.The latest nurse is the worst one.D.In the past five months, the man has introduced the woman quite a few nurses.A.Tiananmen Square.B.Leopard Hill.C.The Temple of Heaven.D.The Imperial Palace.A.They had better finish the project as soon as possible.B.They had better try their
35、luck to finish the project.C.They are so lucky to have the project being put off.D.They had better have a risk to extend the project.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The Bank of Ireland.B.The Bank of Irish.C.The Allied Irish Bank.D.The Allied Ireland Bank.A.Dunnes Stores.B.Dangling Stores.C.Dungling Sto
36、res.D.Dancing Stores.A.About ten minutes walk from here.B.About five minutes walk from here.C.About fifteen minutes walk from here.D.About half an hours walk from here.A.She will stay home.B.She will go the concert with Abruzzi.C.She will invite Abruzzi to a concert.D.She has not decided yet.A.She d
37、oesnt want to hurt Abruzzi by refusing again.B.She is afraid that she might lose Abruzzi.C.She wants to have a change after a busy week.D.She cant think of a reason not to accept Abruzzis invitation again.A.She has been studying late into night all week.B.She has made plans to work late all week.C.S
38、he has not been free to go out with Abruzzi all week.D.She has been busy tidying up her apartment all week.A.Abruzzi is very patient and determined.B.Lindas roommate does most of the cleaning in their apartment.C.Linda doesnt really care for Abruzzi.D.Linda likes concert better than shows.五、Section
39、B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.To find out whether they take music lessons in their spare time.B.To find out whether they can name four different musical instruments.C.To find out whether they enjoy playing musical instruments in school.D.To find out whether they differ in their preference for musical instrumen
40、ts.A.They find them too hard to play.B.They think it silly to play them.C.They find it not challenging enough to play them.D.They consider it important to be different from girls.A.Children who have private music tutors.B.Children who are 8 or older.C.Children who are between 5 and 7.D.Children who
41、are well-educated.A.Because he wanted to steal a violin and take it out with him.B.Because he was planning to commit a crime.C.Because he was going to earn money by playing his violin in the street.D.Because he was going to return home.A.He stood in the middle of the payment.B.He stood under a bridg
42、e near the station.C.He stood on a bridge near the station.D.He stood in front of the station.A.He was full of confidence at his success.B.He felt like a circus performer.C.He felt as if he had been performing all his life.D.He was determined to travel round the world.A.Replacing the native corn wit
43、h the hybrid corn.B.Replacing the hybrid corn with the native corn.C.Replacing the new type of corn with the traditional corn.D.Replacing the traditional corn with the native corn.A.Excellent quality.B.Large productivity.C.Good flavor.D.Both A and B.A.Because their wives didnt like it.B.Because it w
44、asnt good for cooking.C.Because their wives didnt like the flavor.D.All of the above.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When you have a dog it is necessary to care for it very carefully. In return, you will be loved by your dog; the most important part of dog-care is (36) 1. Not only does the dog have to be
45、 kept clean. His environment should also be clean. The bed he sleeps in can be made with anything like a rug or a dog mattress, as long as it is kept clean and put in a place where there are no drafts. (37) 2 is also important to your dogs health. Heavy aluminum (38) 3pans are best since they cannot
46、 (39) 4or break. A dog should be fed in the same place and on a regular (40) 5. During time it should be (41) 6. If your dog refuses to eat, dont (42) 7him. Remove his food and dont feed him again until his next regular . Food should never be left before a dog for more than thirty minutes under any
47、(43) 8. If he does not eat over a long period of time, your dog should be taken to a veterinarian. Another important thing is to keep fresh water available to the dog during hot weather. (44) 9. Vigorous exercise helps build strength and keeps the dog healthy. (45) 10. Large dogs, though, require a run in an open field. There are other things that are also impor
