1、大学英语六级 286及答案解析(总分：448.03，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Fighting Corruption. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 腐败产生的原因和危害。 2. 反腐败应采取的措施。 3. 腐败问题是可以解决的。 （分数：
2、30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Coping with Climate Change What we have learned so far about how climate changes is affecting our global environment. Studies show that it adversely affects human and natural systems by reducing biodiversity, impairing biological and chemical cycles and maki
3、ng it more difficult to restore degraded ecosystems. Climate is not the only factor in the deterioration of natural systems. We are making big changes to the landscape, altering land use and land cover in major ways. These changes combined present a challenge to environmental management. Adaptive ma
4、nagement is a scientific approach to managing the adverse impacts of climate and landscape change. Nature and Impacts of Climate Change Every week it seems there is an article about global warming in the news media. It may be difficult for some to grasp the big picture of the issue, but in general,
5、climate change has already or is expected to -increase temperatures, particularly in the interior of continents, toward the poles and in winter -boost precipitation (降水量) in wetter areas and suppress precipitation in drier areas -increase rain and decrease snow -lessen peak spring runoff and cause m
6、ore even year-round flows of water, thereby reducing water availability during summer irrigation and navigation seasons -increase evaporation of water during the summer -enhance the likelihood of lower mean lake levels, drier wetlands, and water shortages, particularly in mountain regions -raise the
7、 frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods -raise global sea levels, causing some populated coastal areas to become inundated (被淹没的) -reduce the extent and duration of Arctic sea ice with adverse consequences for marine mammals -increase the loss of
8、 glaciers in middle and equatorial latitudes, including premier mountain ecosystems such as Glacier National Park in Montana Global average temperature has increased by about 0.6 over the past 100 years, with a major warming upswing in the 1970s. Warming is the result, in part, of rapid increases in
9、 emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a byproduct of the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, used for power generation and transportation. When global temperatures rise and precipitation patterns change, it is expected there wil
10、l be consequences on ecosystems, such as an increase in the spread of exotic species; redistribution of plants, animals, energy, water, and nutrients; alteration of natural processes and the structure and function of ecosystems. Northerly latitudes are particularly vulnerable to climate change. The
11、Arctic Council, an intergovernmental forum for Arctic nations and indigenous people, reported that the northern ice cap is warming at twice the global rate and the Arctic region is expected to warm at two to three times the rate for the rest of the world. Arctic warming will have serious consequence
12、s on human and ecology. Nature and Impacts of Landscape Change Landscape change results from natural disturbances and human activities. Natural disturbances include fire, windstorms, avalanches, landslides, tree fall, floods, and insect epidemics. Human activities causing landscape change include co
13、nversion of forestland to agriculture, drainage of wetlands, and forest fragmentation from road construction and timber harvesting. Human activities often have a more significant effect on landscapes than natural disturbances because they alter the availability of energy, water, and nutrients to eco
14、systems; increase the spread of exotic species; accelerate natural processes of ecosystem change; and adversely affect the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Human-induced landscape change has accelerated during the past several decades because of rapid population and economic growth, particul
15、arly in countries such as China, India, and Brazil. Landscape change has contributed to a dramatic 1,000-fold increase in species extinction over the past 400 years. On a global basis, nearly 1.2 million km2 of forest and woodland and 5.6 million km2 of grassland and pastureland have been converted
16、to other uses. During the last three centuries, 12 million km2 of cropland were lost. Between 1982 and 1997, 121,000 km2 of non-federal land were urbanized in the United States. More than 90 percent of the land in the lower 48 states has been logged, plowed, mined, grazed, paved, or otherwise modifi
17、ed from previous conditions. Human-induced landscape change significantly affects wildlife. For example, between 1970 and 2000, rural residential development in the Montana and Wyoming portions of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem increased 400 percent. Consequently, current and potential grizzly be
18、ar habitat on private lands in the ecosystem has been degraded and fragmented. Double-digit growth in residential subdivisions adjacent to the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming, has diminished winter range for the 10,000 elk that use the refuge and displaced corridors that elk use to reach sum
19、mer range in Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. Another example of significant impacts from landscape change is the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem. This ecosystem covers the Rocky Mountains in British Columbia and Alberta, Canada, and western Montana, United States. Here are some specific
20、s: -Most old-growth forests that once existed outside of protected parks and wilderness areas have been harvested. -Many rivers in the region have been altered by hydroelectric power development. -Significant farm, ranch, and forest acreage has been converted to homes and commercial developments. -L
21、akes and streams have been polluted by agricultural and urban runoff. -Fish and wildlife habitats have been degraded. -Active and proposed energy developments threaten protected areas. -Large areas have been invaded by nonnative species. The desire to preserve the outstanding wildlife (especially la
22、rge carnivores) and environmental amenities (舒适|) from the negative effects of rapid economic growth and development in the northern Rocky Mountain region prompted creation of the Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative. The initiative involves 300 conservation organizations and covers an area
23、larger than the states of California and Texas combined, including the Greater Yellowstone and Crown of the Continent Ecosystems. Coping with Climate and Landscape Change Although climate and landscape change has positive effects on human and natural systems, it is expected to have many adverse impa
24、cts that deserve attention. Ecosystems have an inherent capacity to resist climate and landscape change, known as ecological resilience (复原能) When this capacity is exceeded, the ecosystem can change in ways that may not be socially and ecologically acceptable. So what can be done? Mitigation strateg
25、ies can reduce ecosystem vulnerability. Mitigation strategies are actions to prevent, reduce, or slow climate and/or landscape change. The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which took effect in February 2005, is a prime example of a climate change mitigatio
26、n strategy. The protocol commits 36 industrialized countries to curb GHG emissions, especially CO2. Limiting increases in global temperature by 2 would require keeping atmospheric concentrations of CO2 below 400 parts per million (ppm). Current concentrations are about 375 ppm. Benefits of the Kyoto
27、 Protocol may be limited because it does not include some developed countries, which emit substantial GHGs, and developing countries where rapid population and economic growth is expected to dramatically increase GHG emissions. Other mitigation strategies include increasing the use of alternative en
28、ergy sources and technologies (clean coal, renewable energy, ethanol, hybrid vehicles, and nuclear power). Although the United States did not sign the Kyoto Protocol, 28 states have programs to curb CO2 emissions, and at least 166 U.S. cities have agreed to apply the Kyoto emission reduction standar
29、ds to their communities. Other initiatives, like the Apollo Alliance, bring together labor unions, environmental and business groups, and activist organizations with the mission of sharply reducing U.S. dependence on fossil fuels. The alliance is seeking ways to do the following: -power the economy
30、with hydrogen produced from renewable energy resources -implement green construction codes -revitalize urban centers to reduce urban sprawl -determine how industry can store rather than emit carbon into the atmosphere The Apollo Alliance expects to invest $300 billion in new energy technologies and
31、energy conservation over 10 years as a way to eliminate U.S. dependence on foreign oil and create millions of good-paying jobs. These funds would be raised using tax incentives, public bonds, capital strategies, and other mechanisms. （分数：71.00）(1).The article tells us that climate and landscape chan
32、ge adversely affects our global environment.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Global warming only results from rapid increases in emissions of greenhouse gases.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The Arctic is warming faster than the rest of the world.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Global warming leads to many new diseases.（分数：7.1
33、0）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Compared with human activities,_ have a less important impact on landscapes.（分数：7.10）_(6).Wildlife is significantly affected by_.（分数：7.10）_(7).Most old-growth forests that are outside of protected parks and_ have been harvested.（分数：7.10）_(8).When ecological resilience is exceeded, th
34、e ecosystem becomes_ unacceptable.（分数：7.10）_(9).There are mitigative ways to help reduce_.（分数：7.10）_(10).The Kyoto Protocol requires_ to curb GHG emissions, especially CO2.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The quiz is canceled.B.The quiz will be held after next weeks class.C.The quiz
35、 will be postponed until further notice.D.The quiz will be held in next weeks class.A.He refuses to check in the other suitcase.B.He only has one suitcase, and one of the suitcases hes carrying isnt his.C.He thinks the woman up ahead should check in the suitcase.D.Hes helping the woman up ahead to c
36、heck in the suitcase.A.She fell asleep when watching the programme.B.She didnt watch the programme at all.C.She enjoyed the programme very much.D.She didnt understand the theme of the programme.A.He has finished the paper.B.He put his paper somewhere else.C.He forgot to begin researching his paper.D
37、.He postponed the research.A.He finds its difficult to deal with the data.B.He can submit the report on time.C.He needs several days to complete another report.D.He doesnt know the report is due today.A.She will go with the man to the airport after class.B.She thinks its too early and Palmer hasnt a
38、rrived yet.C.She decides not to pick up Palmer as her class will finish late.D.She has told Palmer that she will meet him at the airport.A.Cash his cheque received from the new cafeteria.B.Go to the cafeteria in the evening.C.Open a new cafeteria.D.Ask the new cafeteria to see if they have any vacan
39、cies.A.They should take the train instead.B.They have to drive to Shanghai for economic reason.C.Theyd better driver faster.D.Their watches are too expensive.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Teacher and student.B.Employer and employee.C.Friends.D.Classmates.A.In a hospital.B.In Jerrys office.C.In Ms. Sh
40、erwins office.D.In Jerrys home.A.To ask for a few days off.B.To talk about his daughter.C.To send his wife to hospital.D.To talk about his job.A.Next Friday.B.Next Saturday.C.The first Monday after next Friday.D.Sunday.A.He cant find his office key.B.He has misplaced some exams.C.He is unable to tal
41、k.D.He doesnt like his classroom.A.Mark the latest homework assignment.B.Put a cancellation notice on the classroom door.C.Make an appointment with the doctor.D.Return some exams to his students.A.Teach Dons class while hes absent.B.Give Professor Webster the key to Dons office.C.Leave a message on
42、the board in Dons classroom.D.Bring Don the homework that was due today.A.To put the homework on Dons desk.B.To leave the master key for Don.C.To give Dons students the next assignment.D.To call Don at the end of the afternoon.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.Oral instructions recorded on a tape.B.A bri
43、ef letter sealed in an envelope.C.A written document of several pages.D.A short note to their lawyer.A.Refrain from going out with men for five years.B.Stop wearing any kind of fashionable clothes.C.Bury the dentist with his favorite car.D.Visit his grave regularly for five years,A.He was angry with
44、 his selfish relatives.B.He was just being humorous.C.He was not a wealthy man.D.He wanted to leave his body for medical purposes.A.He is a commercial diver.B.He is an independent photographer.C.He is a camera manufacturer.D.Both A and B.A.Michael has been diving for nine years.B.Michael dives on ho
45、lidays with his parents.C.Michael loves diving ever since he first tried it.D.Michael has never taken any diving courses.A.Taking pictures under water.B.Connecting pipelines.C.Planting sea weeds.D.Placing explosives under the water.A.Because he was never afraid of anything.B.Because he was protected
46、 by a special medium.C.Because he had enough experience.D.Because it was his job.A.On April 26, 1611.B.On April 23, 1611.C.On April 26, 1616.D.On April 23, 1616.A.In 1585.B.In 1584.C.In 1583.D.In 1586.A.People know almost nothing about Shakespeares early life.B.Shakespeare was already well known bef
47、ore he went to London.C.People know a lot about Shakespeares life in London.D.People know only a little about Shakespeares life in London.A.Shakespeare was not interested in making a profit.B.Shakespeare could get one-tenth of the profits of the Globe Theater.C.Shakespeare, like his fellow writers, had no business sense.D.Shakespeares fellow writers shared the same profits as he did.六、Section C(总题数：1，
