1、大学英语六级 284 及答案解析(总分：448.04，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Deal with Job Burnout? You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese； 1. 在充满市场竞争的现代社会中，工作倦怠(Job Burnou
2、t)已经成为世界范围内的普遍现象。据调查统计，?0%的中国职场人士出现了不同程度的工作倦怠。 2为什么会出现工作倦怠? 3政府、企业和所有职场人士如何防止工作倦怠的出现。 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Generation X Who are we? Why are we called “Generation X“? Where did we come from? Where are we going? Whats going on here? Wheres the Beef? This passage offers some (b
3、ut only some) of the answers, and points you to other internet sources that can help you find the rest of the answers. Heres a brief “FAQ“ (Frequently Asked Questions) on Generation X: How did we get this name, “Generation X“ anyway? Blame Douglas Coupland of British Columbia, Canada, for one. It wa
4、s also the name of a British Punk group in the 1970s featuring 1980s soloist Billy Idol. In a 1995 interview, Coupland denied any connection, saying: “The books title came not from Billy Idols band, as many supposed, but from the final chapter of a funny sociological book on American class structure
5、 titled Class, by Paul Fussell. In his final chapter, Fussell named an “X“ category of people who wanted to hop off the merry-go-round of status, money, and social climbing that so often frames modern existence.“ Whatever you say, Doug. When Coupland wrote his book in 1991, the phrase was picked up
6、by marketers desperately seeking a name for the “generation without a name“. Of course theres been much discussion about “slackers“ (懒惰的人) comes to mind. Other popular terms are “Thirteeners“ or “13th Generation“, which came from a book by Neil Howe and William Strauss called “Generations“, in which
7、 we are listed as the 13th generation of the USA since 1620. Who exactly is Gen-X? This question is in hot dispute. In the mid-1980s the Gen-Xers had been labeled “Baby Busters“ (生育低谷期出生的人), due to the low birthrates of the 1965-1975 age bracket. Demographers (人口统计学家) noticed as early as 1966 that t
8、he “boom“ (婴儿潮) was over, and began planning and budgeting downward for this massive change from the “boom“ in birth between 1946-1964. (These “Boomer“ dates, by the way, have never been in doubt nor have they been doubted or tampered with by the media.) Today, however, many people lump (将.看作一体) tho
9、se born in the years 1961-1981 together. Why 1961? Despite being Doug Couplands birthyear, it more likely began with the Howe performance counts a mere 10%, image, 30%, and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that (44) 9, it wont secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often
10、 depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are. Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, (45) 10. “Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs,“ says Kaleen Jamison, a New York-based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. “The
11、y think that if you work hard, youll get aheadthat someone in authority will reach down and give you promotion.“ She adds, “Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think theyve gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility.“ Her advice to those folk
12、s: (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：177.00)Americans smoke six thousand million cigarettes every year (1970 figures). This is roughly the equivalent of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the count
13、ry of 18 years of age or more. It is estimated that 51% of American men smoke compared with 340,6 of American women. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consisted and indicates that there is a
14、 serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking particularly cigarette smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy. Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the
15、development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of the bladder and the oral cavity. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non- smoking males. (Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not brea
16、the in the smoke so deeply. ) The majority of physicians and researchers consider these relationships proved to their satisfaction and say, give up smoking. If you dont smoke - dont start! Some competent physicians and research workers-though their small number is dwindling even further-are less sur
17、e of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They consider the increase in respiratory diseases and various forms of cancer may possibly be explained by other factors in the complex human environment-atmospheric pollution, increased nervous stress, chemical substances in processed food, or chemic
18、al pesticides that are now being used by farmers in vast quantities to destroy insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases, they say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas, or eat more canned food. Gradually, however, research is isolating all other possible f
19、actors and proving them to be statistically irrelevant. Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco actually does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash, and other solid, there is an also nicotine, which is powerful
20、 poison, and black tar. As the smoke is breathed in, all these components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube, or bronchus, divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point. Smoking also affects the heart and blood vessels. It is known to be re
21、lated to Beurgers disease, a narrowing of the small veins in the hands and feet that can cause great pain and lead even to amputation of limbs. Smokers also much more often suffer from heart disease. While all tobacco smoking affects life expectancy and health, cigarette smoking appears to have a mu
22、ch greater effect than health, that cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine consumption is not diminished by the latter forms, and current research indicates a causal relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smokin
23、g to some extent safer, but they can only marginally reduce, not eliminate the hazards. （分数：88.50）(1).According to 1970 figures in the U.S. men smokers are _.（分数：17.70）A.twice as many as women smokersB.two times as many as women smokersC.1.5 times as many as women smokersD.seventeen percent less tha
24、n women smokers(2).Since 1939, numerous scientific studies _.（分数：17.70）A.proved smoking causes fatal diseasesB.proved smoking causes life-shorting diseasesC.proved smoking is a health riskD.had been made to prove whether smoking causes life shorting(3).One of the major difficulties of research into
25、human health problems is the difficulty of _.（分数：17.70）A.knowing how many factors there areB.isolating particular, individual factors from the complex human environmentC.knowing the complex human environmentD.increasing the number of the competent physicians(4).“Amputation of limbs“ (Para. 6 ) means
26、 _.（分数：17.70）A.cutting off legs or armsB.disease of legs or armsC.curing of legs or armsD.discomfort of legs or arms(5).Cigar and pipe smokers consume _.（分数：17.70）A.slightly less nicotine than cigarette smokersB.less nicotine than cigarette smokersC.no less nicotine than cigarette smokersD.much less
27、 nicotine than cigarette smokersHe built a hut on a piece of rough land near a rock fall. In the wet season there was a plentiful stream, and over the years he encouraged the dry forest to surround him with a thick screen. The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside. In the end Mel
28、io (not without some terrible mistakes) learnt how to live in spite of the difficulties up on that mountain shelf. His only neighbours were a family group of Parakanas Indians who for reasons known only to themselves, took a liking to Melio. Their chief never looked closely at Melio and said to hims
29、elf that this white man was as mad as a snake which chews off its own tail. The Parakanas taught Melio to catch fish with the help of a wild plant which made them senseless in the stream. It gave off a powerful drug when shaken violently through the water. They showed him how to hunt by laying traps
30、 and digging. In the end Melios piece of land became a regular farm. He had wild birds, far long-legged ones and thin nearly featherless chickens, and his corn and salted fish was enough to keep him stocked up through the wet season. The Parakanas were always around him. Hed never admit it but he co
31、uld feel that the trees were like the bars of a prison; they were watching him. It was as if he were there by courtesy of the Chief. When they came to him, the Indians never entered his house, with its steeply sloping roof of dried grass and leaves. They had a delicate way of behaving. They showed t
32、hemselves by standing in the shade of the trees at the clearings (林中空旷地) edge. He was expected to cross the chicken strip towards them. Then they had a curious but charming habit of taking a pace back from him, just one odd step backwards into their green corridors. Melio could never persuade them t
33、o come any closer. The group guessed at Melios hatred for his civilized brothers in the towns far away. They knew Melio would never invite any more white man up here. This pleased the Parakanas. It meant that traders looking for rubber and jewels would never reach them. Their Melio would see to that
34、. They were safe with this man and his hatred. （分数：88.50）(1).Why did Melio encourage the forest around him to grow thicker and greener?（分数：17.70）A.Because he and the forest were friends.B.Because he wanted to fell the trees to make more money.C.Because the dense leaves could protect him from the rai
35、n.D.Because the dense leaves could help him forget the world he hated.(2).The chief of the family group of Parakanas Indians thought Melio was_.（分数：17.70）A.a snakeB.a spy sent to their tribeC.out of his mindD.an enemy of his tribe(3).Melio was taught by the Indians to do the following things except
36、for_.（分数：17.70）A.to catch fishB.to plant a wild plantC.to raise wild birdsD.to hunt(4).From the passage, we know that_.（分数：17.70）A.the Indians had a closer contact distance than the white manB.Melio wanted to talk with the Indians at a closer distanceC.the Indians had built a corridor circling aroun
37、d Melios houseD.Melio had a delicate house(5).From the last paragraph, we can infer that_.（分数：17.70）A.Melio was insane (患有精神病的)B.Melio was divorcedC.the Indians liked secluded (退隐的) lifeD.the Indians hated MelioIn 1999, John Wood, then 35 and Microsofts No. 2 in China, journeyed to Nepal with some 3
38、,000 books in tow-not to read on vacation but to give to a school that could not afford any. The project was a joint venture between Wood and Dinesh Prasad Shrestha, a rural-aid worker in Kathmandu whom the IT executive had met earlier. It planted an idea. “We should get serious about this,“ Shresth
39、a told Wood. “We should be more organized and do this properly. “ The rest of Room to Reads story may not yet be a corporate legend, but “the business“ , as Wood calls it, has certainly broken plenty of new ground since he quit his job and launched a new career. “ Microsoft didnt need me,“ he explai
40、ns, “ the children of Nepal did.“ In just five years, the charity has built more than 100 schools, assembled some 1,000 libraries, stocked them with almost half a million new books, put more than 500 girls on long-term scholarships, and opened 45 computer and language rooms. And not just in Nepal; R
41、oom to Read now operates in Cambodia, India and Vietnam. “Wood has brought to the charity world the best practices of the corporate world,“ says Marc Andreessen, Netscapes founder and one of Room to Reads biggest donors. “He tracks results like Microsoft tracks results. Its a pragmatic (注重成效的) chari
42、ty. “ Much of that pragmatism Room to Read owes to the 38-year-old Shrestha. It was the Nepali, Wood says, who decided he didnt want to work for a charity that “ dropped into town, built a bridge and left it to fall down. “ From the start, Room to Read asked for community participation -either muscl
43、e or money, usually 50% of the total cost. During a recent visit to Cambodia, Wood received a phone call from a school headmaster complaining that his new computer center was adding $ 100 to his monthly power bill. Wood was delighted. “When they feel a little bit of pain, they feel more involved, a
44、bigger sense of ownership of the project,“ he says. Back in San Francisco, Wood works the phones and e-mail to raise funds. Money has flooded in, most of it from the titans (巨人) of tech in the U. S. “ Bill Gates and Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer taught me not to rest on my laurels. I want to be the Mi
45、crosoft of the charity world, a trusted global brand. “ （分数：-1.00）(1).John Wood, who traveled to Nepal to help poor school children, used to work _.（分数：-0.20）_(2).What has Wood found by helping the children of Nepal? （分数：-0.20）_(3).What has made Marc Andreessen, Netscapes founder and one of Room to
46、Reads biggest donors, appreciate Room to Read most?.（分数：-0.20）_(4).Room to Read owes much of its pragmatism to the 38-year-old Shrestha, because he has a good notion of _.（分数：-0.20）_(5).By saying “I want to be the Microsoft of the charity world“, Wood means that he wants to _.（分数：-0.20）_九、Cloze (15
47、minutes)(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much has happened 【B1】 As was discussed before, it was not 【B2】 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 【B3】 , followin
