1、大学英语六级 283 及答案解析(总分：428.03，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Students Union, Associations and Personal Development. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1大学里学生会和各种社团的现状 2参加学生会和各
2、种社团对个人发展的作用 3我的观念中大学生对待学生会和社团活动的正确态度 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Will the World Remember Disney or Plato? Significant Worldwide Influence of American Culture LONDONDown in the mall, between the fast-food joint and the bagel shop, a group of young people huddles in a flurry of baggy
3、 combat pants, skateboards, and slang. They size up a woman teetering past wearing DKNY, carrying Time magazine in one hand and a latte in the other. She brushes past a guy in a Yankees baseball cap who is talking on his Motorola cellphone about the Martin Scorsese film he saw last night. Its a stan
4、dard American sceneonly this isnt America, its Britain. U.S. culture is so pervasive that the scene could be played out in any one of dozens of cities. As a global superpower, America exports its culture on an unprecedented scale. From music to media, film to fast food, language to literature and sp
5、ort, the American idea is spreading inexorably (不可阻挡地), not unlike the influence of empires that preceded it. The difference is that todays technology flings culture to every corner of the globe with blinding speed. If it took two millenniums for Platos “Republic“ to reach North America, the latest
6、hit from Justin Timberlake can be found in Greek (and Japanese) stores within days. Sometimes, U.S. ideals get transmittedsuch as individual rights, freedom of speech, and respect for womenand local cultures are enriched. At other times, materialism or worse becomes the message and local traditions
7、get crushed. “The U.S. has become the most powerful, significant world force in terms of cultural imperialism and expansion,“ says Ian Ralston, American studies director at Liverpool John Moores University. “The areas that particularly spring to mind are Hollywood, popular music, and even literature
8、.“ But what some call “McDomination“ has created a backlash (强烈反应) in certain cultures. And its not clear whether fast food, Disney, or rocknroll will change the world the way Homer or Shakespeare has. Hollywood rules the global movie market, with up to 90 percent of audiences in some European count
9、ries. Even in Africa, two of three films shown are American. Few countries have yet to be touched by McDonalds and Coca-Cola. Starbucks recently opened up a new front in South America, and everyones got a Hard Rock Caf T-shirt from somewhere exotic. West Indian sports enthusiasts increasingly watch
10、basketball, not cricket. Baseball has long since taken root in Asia and Cuba. And Chinese young people are becoming more captivated by American football and basketball, some even printing the names of NBA stars on their school sweatsuits. American English is the language of choice for would-be pop s
11、tars in Europe, software programmers in India, and Internet surfers everywhere. Americas preeminence is hardly surprising. Superpowers have throughout the ages sought to perpetuate their way of life: from the philosophy and mythology of the ancient Greeks to the law and language of the Romans; from
12、the art and architecture of the Tang Dynasty and Renaissance Italy to the sports and systems of government of the British. “Most empires think their own point of view is the only correct point of view,“ says Robert Young, an expert in postcolonial cultural theory at Oxford University. “Its the certa
13、inty they get because of the power they have, and they expect to impose it on everyone else.“ Threats of American Cultural Domination Detractors of cultural imperialism argue, however, that cultural domination poses a totalitarian threat to diversity. In the American case, “McDomination“ poses sever
14、al dangers. First, local industries are truly at risk of extinction because of U.S. oligopolies (寡头卖主垄断), such as Hollywood. For instance in 2000, the European Union handed out one billion euros to subsidise (资助) Europes film industry. Even the relatively successful British movie industry has no con
15、trol over distribution, which is almost entirely in the hands of the Hollywood majors. Second, political cultures are being transformed by the personality-driven American model in countries as far-reaching as Japan and the Philippines. Finally, U.S. domination of technologies such as the Internet an
16、d satellite TV means that, increasingly, America monopolizes the view people get of the world. According to a recent report for the U.N. Conference on Trade and Development, 13 of the top 14 Internet firms are American. No. 14 is British. “You have to know English if you want to use the Internet,“ s
17、ays Andre Kaspi, a professor at the Sorbonne in Paris. A main problem is that culture is no longer a protected species, but subject to the inexorable drive for free trade, says Joost Smiers, a political science professor at the Utrecht School of the Arts. This means that it is increasingly difficult
18、 for countries to protect their own industries. France tries to do so with subsidies, while South Korea has tried quotas. Such “protectionist“ tactics meet with considerable U.S. muscle, Dr. Smiers says. “Americas aggressive cultural policy. hinders national states from regulating their own cultural
19、 markets,“ he says. “We should take culture out of the WTO.“ Resistance to American Cultural Influence A backlash is being felt in certain places. In Japan, locals have taken U.S. ideas like hip-hop and fast food, and given them a Japanese twist, says Dominic Al-Badri, editor of Kansai Time Out. In
20、Germany, there is still strong resistance to aspects of U.S. pop culture, though there is an appetite for its intellectual culture, says Gary Smith, director of the American Academy in Berlin. In France, resistance is growing partly because of frustrations over the Iraq warbut partly because America
21、nization is already so advanced in the country, says Mr. Kaspi. France has repeatedly tried to mandate the use of French language in official capacities to check the advance of English. “But most of the time, the law is impossible to apply, because if you want to be understood around the world you h
22、ave to speak English,“ Kaspi says. In the Philippines, even the best U.S. ideals have caused complications. “The pervasive American influence has saddled us with two legacies,“ notes respected local commentator Antonio C. Abaya. “American-style elections, which require the commitment of massive fina
23、ncial resources, which have to be recouped (偿还) and rolled over many times, which is the main source of corruption in government; and American-style free press in which media feel free to attack and criticize everything that the government does or says, which adds to disunity and loss of confidence
24、in government.“ Meanwhile, for all the strength of the U.S. movie industry, sometimes a foreign film resonates more with a local audience than a Hollywood productionand outperforms it. For instance, Japans “Spirited Away“ (2001) remains the top-grossing film in that country, surpassing global Hollyw
25、ood hits like Titanic“. In addition, British TV has influenced and served up competition to U.S. shows, spawning such hits as “Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?“, “The Weakest Link“, and “American Idol“. 4,000 Years from Now So how much good does American culture bring to the world? And how long will i
26、t last? Ian Ralston cautions against sweeping dismissals of U.S. pop culture. British television may be saturated (充满) with American sitcoms and movies, but while some are poor, others are quite good, he says. “British culture has always been enriched by foreign influences. In some ways American cul
27、ture and media have added to that enrichment.“ Others note that it is not all one-way traffic. America may feast largely on a diet of homegrown culture, but it imports modestly as well: soccer, international cuisine, Italian fashion, and, increasingly, British television. As to the question of durab
28、ility, some experts believe U.S. domination of communication channels makes it inevitable that its messages will become far more entrenched than those of previous empires. “The main difference now in favor of American culture is the importance of technologytelephone, Internet, films, all that did no
29、t exist in ancient Greece,“ Kaspi says. “American influence is growing. Its so easy to get access to U.S. culture; there are no barriers.“ “Disney is known worldwide now,“ he adds. “Plato is more and more unknown, even in Greece.“ But not everyone thinks American culture will stand the test of time.
30、 “It remains to be seen whether the Monkees and Bee Gees are as durable as Plato,“ says Professor Young, with a dab of irony. “Lets have another look in 4,000 years time.“ （分数：71.00）(1).As a superpower, America spreads its culture to nearly every corner of the world.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Fast food,
31、 Disney, and pop music will change the world in the same way as Plato and Shakespeare have.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).When the American model goes into other countries, people always welcome the changes.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).American culture and media, in some ways, have helped to enrich German culture
32、.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Detractors of cultural imperialism think that cultural domination endangers 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(6).A main problem with culture is that it is subject to free trade and is no longer a 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(7).The growing resistance to American culture in France results from the fru
33、strations over Iraq war and 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(8).America also borrows culture from other countries therefore its influence is not a 1 traffic.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).The key that U.S. holds to spread its culture across the world is its domination of 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Not all people think American
34、culture will be durable enough to meet 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Playing the piano.B.Typing.C.Making a photocopy.D.Taking a picture.A.Students with a library card can check any book out.B.Reference books are not allowed to be checked out.C.Only students with a library
35、 card can check out reference books.D.The number of books a student can check out it unlimited.A.Fifty students.B.Forty students.C.Twenty-five students.D.Fifteen students.A.It was interesting.B.It was funny.C.It was boring.D.It was terrible.A.Boss-Secretary.B.Client-Lawyer.C.Student-Teacher.D.Patien
36、t-Nurse.A.Hes unable to appear in court.B.He wishes he could be a better student.C.He plays tennis better than she does.D.Hes not so enthusiastic about academics.A.Tom is unable to hear well.B.Tom didnt say anything at the meeting.C.Tom doesnt listen to him.D.Tom went out before the meeting was over
37、.A.To cancel his trip.B.To catch a later flight.C.To go to bed early.D.To ask for a wake-up call.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Because he didnt hear any noise at all.B.Because he thought all this was caused by the flu.C.Because he thought he was dreaming.D.Because he was deaf and fainted.A.Shes unabl
38、e to attend the study session.B.She has seen a doctor recently.C.Shes concerned about medical care.D.She mentions the need for some medical tests.A.To improve the study skills of university students.B.To suggest changes in the student government.C.To give people the opportunity to speak with a polit
39、ician.D.To discuss graduation requirements for political science majors.A.Graduate school application procedures.B.Funding for university education.C.Winning the confidence of voters.D.Preparing for an important test.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)A.How to suffer pain.B.How to avoid pain.C.How to handle
40、 pain.D.How to stop pain.A.How we look at pain.B.To feel pain as much as possible.C.To show an interest in pain.D.To accept the pain reluctantly.A.Pessimistic.B.Optimistic.C.Radical.D.Practical.A.Because they are motivated by feminism.B.Because they have to own money to support their family.C.Becaus
41、e they dont have to take care their babies.D.Because their husband want them to work.A.A third.B.Two thirds.C.Half of the total.D.Almost all.A.The growing work force provides it with more workers.B.The government taxes it lighter than before.C.Many people no longer cook at home.D.Highly educated wor
42、k force improves its work efficiency.A.1,000B.23,000C.20,000D.2,000A.Because it is difficult to maintain a marriage.B.Because people like watching TV programs.C.Because people prefer freedom to self-discipline.D.Because our society is permissive towards divorces.A.The freedom to have other sexual re
43、lations.B.The desire to follow every of ones impulse.C.The will to keep his or her own income.D.The wish to be his or her true self.A.A man and a woman should follow every of their own impulse respectively.B.A good-marriage takes some level of compromise between the husband and the wife.C.A man and
44、a woman should both have to endure dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul.D.A woman should stop growing or changing.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The early European settlement is along one of our well-known riverswhich (36) 1into the Atlantic to form New York bay. The Hudson river has a (37) 2of interesti
45、ng physical features that made it very attractive for settlement by the Europeans. The first is that the river (38) 3inland from the Atlantic Ocean for more than 150 mile with no waterfalls or (39) 4. Its surface is (40) 5flat for that entire distance, with no tides. Second, the whole 150-mile stret
46、ch is influenced by tides from the Atlantic Ocean. (41) 6every six hours, the river (42) 7direction, flowing north when the tide is (43) 8and south toward the ocean when the tide is going down. (44) 9, and this explains why the Dutch penetrated so far inland. There were the first Europeans to settle
47、 in the Hudson valley. Of course, to go upstream, the Dutch settlers needed the right kind of boat, and so to navigate the river, they design a sloop with only one mast but with two sails, one rigged in front of the mast and one behind. (45) 10. Hudson river sloops carried passengers and cargo. The
48、cargo ranging form coal, lumber and hay to fruit, vegetables and livestock. Traveling only ten miles an hour in a good wind, the sloop was not too speedy by modern standards, but it was ideally suited to the Dutch settlement, (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：177.00)The common cold is the worlds most widespread illness, which is probably why there ar
