1、大学英语六级 278及答案解析(总分：428.03，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Write an English Diary. You should write at least 150 words.（分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Suggestions for Improving Reading Speed Impro
2、vement of Reading Rate It is safe to say that almost anyone can double his or her speed of reading while maintaining equal or even better comprehension. In other words, you can improve the speed with which you get what you want from your reading. The average college student reads between 250 and 350
3、 words per minute on fiction and non-technical materials. A “good“ reading speed is around 500 to 700 words per minute, but some people can read 1000 words per minute or more on these materials. What makes the difference? There are three main factors involved in improving reading speed: (1) the desi
4、re to improve, (2) the willingness to try new techniques and (3) the motivation to practice. Learning to read rapidly and well presupposes that you have the necessary vocabulary and comprehension skills. When you have advanced on the reading comprehension materials to a level at which you can unders
5、tand college-level materials, you will be ready to practice speed reading in earnest. The Role of Speed in the Reading Process Understanding the role of speed in the reading process is essential. Research shows a close relation between speed and understanding although it is the opposite of what you
6、might expect! Among thousands of individuals taking reading training, in most cases an increase in rate was accompanied by an increase in comprehension, and a decrease in rate brought decreased comprehension with it. It appears that plodding (单调乏味的), word-by-word analysis inhibits rather than increa
7、ses understanding. Most adults are able to increase their reading rate considerably and rather quickly without lowering their comprehension. These same individuals usually show a decrease in comprehension when they reduce their rate. Such results, of course, are heavily dependent upon the method use
8、d to gain the increased rate. Simply reading more rapidly without actual improvement in basic reading habits usually results in lowered comprehension. Factors that Reduce Reading Rate The factors which reduce reading rate are : -Limited perceptual span (word-by-word reading) -Slow perceptual reactio
9、n time (slow recognition and response to the material) -Vocalization (reading aloud) -Faulty eye movements (including inaccuracy in placement of the page, in return sweep, in rhythm and regularity of movement, etc.) -Regression (needless or unconscious rereading) -Faulty habits of attention and conc
10、entration (including simple inattention during the reading act and faulty processes of retention) -Lack of practice in reading use it or lose it! -Fear of losing comprehension, causing the person to deliberately read more slowly -Habitual slow reading, in which the person cannot read faster because
11、he or she has always read slowly -Poor evaluation of which aspects are important and which are unimportant -The effort to remember everything rather than to remember selectively Since these conditions also tend to reduce comprehension, increasing the reading rate by eliminating them is likely to pro
12、duce increased comprehension, too. This is entirely different from simply speeding up the rate of readingwhich may actually make the real reading problem more severe. In addition, forced acceleration may destroy confidence in ones ability to read. The obvious solution, then, is to increase rate as a
13、 part of a total improvement of the whole reading process, as special training programs in reading do. Basic Conditions for Increased Reading Rate A well-planned program prepares for maximum increase in rate by establishing the necessary conditions. Three basic conditions include: -Eliminate the hab
14、it of pronouncing words as you read. If you sound out words in your throat or whisper them, your reading rate is slowed considerably. You should be able to read most materials at least two or three times faster silently than orally, because you can get meaning from phrases without reading each word
15、individually. If you are aware of sounding or “hearing“ words as you read, try to concentrate on key words and meaningful ideas as you force yourself to read faster. -Avoid regressing (rereading). The average student reading at 250 words per minute regresses or rereads about 20 times per page. Rerea
16、ding words and phrases is a habit which will slow your reading speed down to a snails pace. Usually, it is unnecessary to reread words, for the ideas you want are explained and elaborated more fully later. Furthermore, the slowest reader usually regresses most frequently. Because he reads slowly, hi
17、s mind has time to wander and his rereading reflects both his inability to concentrate and his lack of confidence in his comprehension skills. -Develop a wider eye-span. This will help you read more than one word at a glance. Since written material is less meaningful if read word by word, this will
18、help you learn to read by phrases or thought units. Rate Adjustment Poor results are inevitable if the reader attempts to use the same rate for all types of material and for all reading purposes. He must learn to adjust his rate to his purpose in reading and to the difficulty of the material. The fa
19、stest rate works on easy, familiar, interesting material or in reading to gather information on a particular point. A slower rate is better for material which is unfamiliar in content and language structure or which must be thoroughly digested. The effective reader adjusts his rate; the ineffective
20、reader always uses the same rate. Rate may be adjusted overall for an entire article, or internally for parts of an article. As an analogy, imagine that you plan to take a 100-mile mountain trip. Since this trip will include hills, curves, and a mountain pass, you estimate it will take three hours f
21、or the total trip, averaging about 35 miles an hour. This is your overall rate adjustment. In actual driving, however, you may slow down to no more than 15 miles per hour on some curves and hills, while speeding up to 50 miles per hour or more on relatively straight and level sections. This is your
22、internal rate adjustment. Similarly, there is no set rate which the good reader follows inflexibly in reading a particular selection, even though he has set himself an overall rate for the total job. Reading rate should vary according to your reading purpose. To understand information, for example,
23、skim or scan at a rapid rate. To determine the value of material or to read for enjoyment, read rapidly or slowly according to your feeling. To read analytically, read at a moderate pace to permit you to interrelate ideas. The nature and difficulty of the material also calls for adjustments in rate.
24、 Obviously, the level of difficulty depends greatly on the particular readers knowledge. While Einsteins theories may be extremely difficult for most laymen, they would be very simple and clear to a professor of physics. Hence, the layman and the physics professor will read the same material at diff
25、erent rates. Generally, difficult material will entail a slower rate; simpler material will permit a faster rate. Conclusion In general, decrease speed when you find the following: -Unfamiliar terminology. Try to understand it in context at that point; otherwise, read on and return to it later. -Dif
26、ficult sentence and paragraph structure. Slow down enough to enable you to untangle them and get accurate context for the passage. -Unfamiliar or abstract concepts. Look for applications or examples of your own concepts as well as studying those of the writer. Take enough time to get them clearly in
27、 mind. -Detailed, technical material. This includes complicated directions, statements of difficult principles, and materials on which you have scant background. -Material on which you want detailed retention. Increase speed when you meet the following; -Simple material with few ideas which are new
28、to you. Move rapidly over the familiar ones; spend most of your time on the unfamiliar ideas. -Unnecessary examples and illustrations. Since these are included to clarify ideas, move over them rapidly when they are not needed. -Detailed explanation and idea elaboration which you do not need. -Broad,
29、 generalized ideas and ideas which are restatements of previous ones. These can be readily grasped, even with scan techniques. （分数：71.00）(1).You can improve your reading rate even if you dont have enough grammar knowledge.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).An increase in reading rate usually results in an incre
30、ase in reading comprehension.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).People usually reread the materials when losing their interest.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).To improve reading speed, people can scan some unnecessary explanations and examples.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Peoples confidence in reading might be destroyed by 1.
31、（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(6).People can increase their reading speed if they read silently rather than 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(7).When you sound or “hear“ words as you read, you should force yourself to focus on important words and 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(8).A wider eye-span allows readers to read by phrases or 1.（分数：
32、7.10）填空项 1:_(9).An efficient reader always changes his rate according to his 1 and the difficulty of the reading material.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).It is necessary to make frequent 1 reading rate adjustment.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He will not be in this office at all this
33、week.B.He will be here on Tuesday only.C.Hell be here on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.D.Hell be at this office on Tuesday and Thursday.A.France.B.BritainC.Germany.D.Spain.A.The two speakers are classmates.B.The man is majoring in elementary education.C.The woman is majoring in elementary education.D
34、.The two speakers got to know each other in a class.A.He doesnt enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B.He doesnt think he is capable of doing the job.C.He thinks the pay is too low to support his family,D.He wants to spend more time with his family.A.The man tends to repeat himself a lot.B.The
35、 room was fixed at the mans request.C.She also finds it easier to work there now.D.The man talks about working instead of doing it.A.He Ml miss the meeting that afternoon.B.Hell have an appointment with the host.C.He wont miss the meeting.D.He is very hardworking.A.The man should spend time polishin
36、g his furniture.B.The man should leave her a good impression.C.The man should make the effort to impress her.D.The man should spend time on his application letter.A.He always talks on the phone for that long if its toll free.B.They have so much free time to talk on the phone for that long.C.They tal
37、ked on the phone for too long.D.He wants to know what they talked about.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.In the late morning.B.Immediately after lunch.C.In the mid-afternoon.D.After the evening meal.A.Controversial.B.Impersonal.C.Patronizing.D.Cooperative.A.They make him feel good.B.They make no impact
38、on him.C.They bore him.D.They make him angry.A.In the student recreation center.B.In the campus dining hall.C.In the university bookstore.D.In a classroom.A.Watch her partner.B.Play her cards in cooperation with her partner.C.Quit the game.D.Teach the man how to play bridge.A.Miss her card game.B.St
39、ay up too late.C.Take too heavy a work load next semester.D.Neglect her studies to play bridge.A.He already knows how to play.B.He doesnt like to play games.C.He doesnt have a partner.D.He doesnt have enough free time.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)A.By judging to what extent they can eliminate the risk
40、s.B.By estimating the possible loss of lives and property.C.By estimating the frequency of volcanic eruptions.D.By judging the possible risks against the likely benefits.A.One of Etnas recent eruptions made many people move away.B.Etnas frequent eruptions have ruined most of the local farmland.C.Etn
41、as eruptions are frequent but usually mild.D.There are signs that Etna will erupt again in the near future.A.They will remain where they are.B.They will leave this area for ever.C.They will turn to experts for advice.D.They will seek shelter in nearby regions.A.Because many people dont know how to b
42、ehave in social situations.B.Because nobody will laugh at you for being shy.C.Because shyness is difficult to overcome.D.Because many people are shy by nature.A.By prediction.B.By recording.C.Through observation.D.Through interviewing.A.To find out how shy people are.B.To change peoples behavior in
43、social life.C.To observe peoples attitude towards strangers.D.To see how people get along with their friends.A.Government funded.B.Private.C.Political.D.None of the above.A.Wars or natural disasters make them lose their families.B.They want to help their families earn enough money to survive.C.They
44、are poor.D.All the above.A.The Philippines.B.Mexico.C.Brazil.D.Guatemala.A.Most of the children in developing countries do not receive education or health care.B.The chief goal of Child Hope U. S. A is to halt the spread of AIDS and the use of illegal drugs among children.C.Child Hope U. S. A cooper
45、ates with international childrens groups, government agencies and other national and local groups.D.No children work in Pakistan after the new laws to control child labor was approved.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In addition to exercising regularly, eating a good breakfast is considered by many health
46、 experts to be a (36) 1part of a successful way of reduction plan. After a night of (37) 2the body needs to be replenished with nutrient in order to maintain a high level of energy (38) 3. Several nutritionists suggest that s should (39) 4to one-third of their daily calories at breakfast time. These
47、 calories should be in the form of balanced meal of (40) 5food. A balanced meal consists of five key elements: Proteins, Carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and (41) 6, people who re dieting need a variety of foods to assure a (42) 7 supply of nutrients their bodies need. If a well-balanced diet is not fo
48、llowed, the (43) 8may become sleepy, nervous, or (44) 9. If a poor diet is (45) 10for a long period of time, the s may become vitamin deficient. . For these reasons, many doctors (46) 11that everyone, especially those on diet, starts the day with up to one-third of the daily requirement of nutrients in the form of a well-balanced breakfast.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Compr
