1、大学英语六级 277及答案解析(总分：428.04，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Fighting Corruption. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 腐败产生的原因和危害。 2. 反腐败应采取的措施。 3. 腐败问题是可以解决的。 （分数：
2、30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The most obvious difference between real essays and the things one has to write in school is that real essays are not exclusively about English literature. Certainly schools should teach students how to write. But due to a series of historical accidents the
3、teaching of writing has gotten mixed together with the study of literature. And so all over the country students are writing not about how a baseball team with a small budget might compete with the Yankees, or the role of color in fashion, or what constitutes a good dessert, but about symbolism in D
4、ickens. How did things get this way? To answer that we have to go back almost a thousand years. Around 1100, Europe at last began to catch its breath after centuries of chaos, and once they had the luxury of curiosity they rediscovered what we call “the classics.“ The effect was rather as if we were
5、 visited by beings from another solar system. These earlier civilizations were so much more sophisticated that for the next several centuries the main work of European scholars, in almost every field, was to assimilate what they knew. During this period the study of ancient texts acquired great pres
6、tige. It seemed the essence of what scholars did. As European scholarship gained momentum it became less and less important; by 1350 someone who wanted to learn about science could find better teachers than Aristotle in his own era. But schools change slower than scholarship. In the 19th century the
7、 study of ancient texts was still the backbone of the curriculum. What tipped the scales, at least in the US, seems to have been the idea that professors should do research as well as teach. This idea was imported from Germany in the late 19th century. Beginning at Johns Hopkins in 1876, the new mod
8、el spread rapidly. Writing was one of the casualties. Colleges had long taught English composition. But how do you do research on composition? The professors who taught math could be required to do original math, the professors who taught history could be required to write scholarly articles about h
9、istory, but what about the professors who taught rhetoric or composition? What should they do research on? The closest thing seemed to be English literature. And so in the late 19th century the teaching of writing was inherited by English professors. This had two drawbacks: (a) an expert on literatu
10、re need not himself be a good writer, any more than an art historian has to be a good painter, and (b) the subject of writing now tends to be literature, since thats what the professor is interested in. Its no wonder if this seems to the student a pointless exercise, because we re now three steps re
11、moved from real work: the students are imitating English professors, who are imitating classical scholars, who are merely the inheritors of a tradition growing out of what was, 700 years ago, fascinating and urgently needed work. The other big difference between a real essay and the things they make
12、 you write in school is that a real essay doesnt take a position and then defend it. That principle, like the idea that we ought to be writing about literature, turns out to be another intellectual hangover of long forgotten origins. Its often mistakenly believed that medieval universities were most
13、ly seminaries. In fact they were more law schools. And at least in our tradition lawyers are advocates, trained to take either side of an argument and make as good a case for it as they can. Whether cause or effect, this spirit pervaded early universities. The study of rhetoric, the art of arguing p
14、ersuasively, was a third of the undergraduate curriculum. And after the lecture the most common form of discussion was the disputation. This is at least nominally preserved in our present-day thesis defense: most people treat the words thesis and dissertation as interchangeable, but originally, at l
15、east, a thesis was a position one took and the dissertation was the argument by which one defended it. Defending a position may be a necessary evil in a legal dispute, but its not the best way to get at the truth, as I think lawyers would be the first to admit. Its not just that you miss subtleties
16、this way. The real problem is that you cant change the question. And yet this principle is built into the very structure of the things they teach you to write in high school. The topic sentence is your thesis, chosen in advance, the supporting paragraphs the blows you strike in the conflict, and the
17、 conclusion uh, what is the conclusion? I was never sure about that in high school. It seemed as if we were just supposed to restate what we said in the first paragraph, but in different enough words that no one could tell. Why bother? But when you understand the origins of this sort of “essay,“ you
18、 can see where the conclusion comes from. Its the concluding remarks to the jury. Good writing should be convincing, certainly, but it should be convincing because you got the right answers, not because you did a good job of arguing. When I give a draft of an essay to friends, there are two things I
19、 want to know: which parts bore them, and which seem unconvincing. The boring bits can usually be fixed by cutting. But I dont try to fix the unconvincing bits by arguing more cleverly. The sort of writing that attempts to persuade may be a valid (or at least inevitable) form, but its historically i
20、naccurate to call it an essay. An essay is something you write to try to figure something out. Figure out what? You dont know yet. And so you cant begin with a thesis, because you dont have one, and may never have one. An essay doesnt begin with a statement, but with a question. In a real essay, you
21、 dont take a position and defend it. You notice a door thats ajar, and you open it and walk in to see whats inside. In the things you write in school you are, in theory, merely explaining yourself to the reader. In a real essay you re writing for yourself. You re thinking out loud. Questions arent e
22、nough. An essay has to come up with answers. They dont always, of course. Sometimes you start with a promising question and get nowhere. But those you dont publish. Those are like experiments that get inconclusive results. An essay you publish ought to tell the reader something he didnt already know
23、. But what you tell him doesnt matter, so long as its interesting. I m sometimes accused of meandering. In defend-a-position writing that would be a flaw. There you re not concerned with truth. You already know where you re going, and you want to go straight there, blustering through obstacles, and
24、hand-waving your way across swampy ground (沼泽地). But that* s not what you re trying to do in an essay. An essay is supposed to be a search for truth. It would be suspicious if it didnt meander. Like a river that must flow down at each step, for the essayist this translates to: flow interesting. Of a
25、ll the places to go next, choose the most interesting. Of course, this doesnt always work. Sometimes, like a river, one runs up against a wall. Then I do the same thing the river does: backtrack. At one point in this essay I found that after following a certain thread I ran out of ideas. I had to go
26、 back seven paragraphs and start over in another direction. Fundamentally an essay is a train of thought but a cleaned-up train of thought, as dialogue is cleaned-up conversation. Real thought, like real conversation, is full of false starts. It would be exhausting to read. You need to cut and fill
27、to emphasize the central thread, like an illustrator inking over a pencil drawing. But dont change so much that you lose the spontaneity of the original. Err on the side of the river. An essay is not a reference work. Its not something you read looking for a specific answer, and feel cheated if you
28、dont find it. I d much rather read an essay that went off in an unexpected but interesting direction than one that plodded dutifully along a prescribed course. （分数：71.00）(1).Real essay is confined to only English literature.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).The idea that professors should do research as well a
29、s teach was imported from Germany in the late 19th century.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).An expert on literature himself must be a good writer, just as an art historian has to be a good painter.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Good writing should be convincing, certainly, but it should be convincing because you did
30、a good job of arguing, not because you got the right answers.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).The teaching of writing has gotten mixed together with the study of literature because of_.（分数：7.10）_(6).As schools change slower than scholarship, in the 19th century_was still the backbone of the curriculum.（分数：7.1
31、0）_(7).English professors are imitating Classical scholars, who are merely the inheritors of a tradition growing out of what was, 700 years ago, fascinating and urgently needed work.（分数：7.10）_(8).Medieval universities were more law schools rather than_as we mistakenly believed.（分数：7.10）_(9).When the
32、 author gives a draft of an essay to his friends, he wants to make sure two things:_.（分数：7.10）_(10).The indication of a river that must flow down at each step for the essayist is_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.On Thursday night.B.On Monday night.C.On Friday morning.D.On Thursday
33、morning.A.Try to help him find rooms in another hotel.B.Check to see if there are any vacancies in here hotel.C.Let him move to a room with two single beds.D.Show him the way Imperial Hotel.A.Robust.B.Brave.C.Generous.D.Dangerous.A.He loves his present job.B.He is to open a store.C.He is about to re
34、tire.D.He works in a repair shop.A.She has confidence in him.B.She has also won a scholarship.C.She is surprised at the news.D.She is not interested in the news.A.His only son is dying.B.His mother died some time ago.C.He didnt look after his sick wife.D.He hasnt taken good care of his son.A.At the
35、airport.B.In a travel agency.C.In a hotel.D.At the reception desk.A.He is not equal to the job.B.He doesnt think the job is challenging enough.C.He is not well paid for his work.D.He cannot keep his mind on his work.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Beat up half a dozen eggs.B.Add five spoons of sugar.C.
36、Add half a pint of cream.D.Buy some candles.A.A cake tin.B.A microwave oven.C.A rolling pin.D.Flour.A.The idea occurred to him when he went shopping yesterday.B.He got the idea when he was on his way back yesterday.C.He had the idea when he was lying in bed last night.D.He got the idea on his way to
37、 work yesterday.A.She felt embarrassed in class.B.Her presentation received a poor grade.C.She had not completed her assignment.D.She was unable to attend her psychology class.A.Shed be able to leave quickly.B.Shed be less nervous.C.Shed be able to locate where the man was seated.D.Shed know when he
38、r professor arrived.A.To introduce the woman to someone who has researched blushing.B.To illustrate the benefits of a public speaking class.C.To give an example of an adult who blushes easily.D.To explain a way to overcome blushing.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)A.Because many people dont know how to be
39、have in social situations.B.Because nobody will laugh at you for being shy.C.Because shyness is difficult to overcome.D.Because many people are shy by nature.A.By prediction.B.By recording.C.Through observation.D.Through interviewing.A.To find out how shy people are.B.To change peoples behavior in s
40、ocial life.C.To observe peoples attitude towards strangers.D.To see how people get along with their friends.A.An investigation into how Americans spend their vacations.B.An opinion poll of how people should spend their leisure time.C.A poll of how employed Americans spend their leisure time.D.A repo
41、rt on the vacation plans of college graduates in America.A.Sightseeing.B.Visiting friends or relatives.C.Going to the beach.D.Playing sports.A.College students are more interested in sightseeing.B.Those with a high school degree only do not like playing sports.C.High school graduates enjoy being wit
42、h their friends.D.People with lower incomes are more likely to spend their leisure time watching television.A.Going to college in the past was more stressful than it is today.B.Going to college in the past was less stressful than it is today.C.Going to college in the past was as stressful as it is t
43、oday.D.Going to college was not stressful in the past, neither is it today.A.She wants to earn more money.B.She has to pay for her college education.C.She feels lonely sometimes.D.She needs more experience.A.Headache.B.Fear.C.Depression.D.Homesickness.A.Fifty percent higher than that of the non-stud
44、ents of the same age.B.One-quarter of that of the non-students of the same age.C.Half million.D.Less than that in the past.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Lets look (36) 1history to an earlier way of life. At one time, children didnt have to learn any more than how to cope with their (37) 2environment. T
45、hey had to learn to be careful about around moving objects, to draw back when they got too close to something (38) 3. They didnt need any special schools to learn these things, other than the school of experience. (39) 4the school is necessary for them to learn how to (40) 5. Because their parents t
46、aught them all they need to know about how to hunt and to (41) 6. But as the society became more (42) 7, people (43) 8 more on others who were living (44) 9. So, it became important for children to learn to read and write. When money was created, they needed to learn to (45) 10. Children have to know these things in order to (46) 11this new expanded environment. Because , schools became necessary, so that children could be taught what we now called the three Rs: reading, writing and arithmetic.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项
