1、大学英语六级 276 及答案解析(总分：428.00，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Write an English Diary. You should write at least 150 words.（分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)I was talking recently to a friend who teach
2、es at MIT. His field is hot now and every year he is inundated(淹没) by applications from would-be graduate students. “A lot of them seem smart,“ he said. “What I cant tell is whether they have any kind of taste.“ You dont hear that word much now. And yet we still need the underlying concept, whatever
3、 we call it. What my friend meant was that he wanted students who were not just good technicians, but who could use their technical knowledge to design beautiful things. For those of us who design things, these are not just theoretical questions. If there is such a thing as beauty, we need to be abl
4、e to recognize it. We need good taste to make good things. Instead of treating beauty as an airy abstraction, to be either blathered about or avoided depending on how one feels about airy abstractions, lets try considering it as a practical question: how do you make good stuff? If you mention taste
5、nowadays, a lot of people will tell you that “taste is subjective.“ They believe this because it really feels that way to them. When they like something, they have no idea why. It could be because its beautiful, or because their mother had one, or because they saw a movie star with one in a magazine
6、, or because they know its expensive. Their thoughts are a tangle of unexamined impulses. Like many of the half-truths adults tell us, this one contradicts other things they tell us. After dinning into you that taste is merely a matter of personal preference, they take you to the museum and tell you
7、 that you should pay attention because Leonardo is a great artist. What goes through the kids head at this point? What does he think “great artist“ means? After having been told for years that everyone just likes to do things their own way, he is unlikely to head straight for the conclusion that a g
8、reat artist is someone whose work is better than the others. A far more likely theory, in his Ptolemaic (托勒密) model of the universe, is that a great artist is something thats good for you, like broccoli, because someone said so in a book. Saying that taste is just a personal preference is a good way
9、 to prevent disputes. The trouble is, its not true. You feel this when you start to design things. Whatever job people do, they naturally want to do better. Football players like to win games. CEOs like to increase earnings. Its a matter of pride, and a real pleasure, to get better at your job. But
10、if your job is to design things, and there is no such thing as beauty, then there is no way to get better at your job. If taste is just personal preference, then everyones is already perfect: you like whatever you like, and thats it. As in any job, as you continue to design things, youll get better
11、at it. Your tastes will change. And, like anyone who gets better at their job, youll know youre getting better. If so, your old tastes were not merely different, but worse. Poof goes the axiom that taste cant be wrong. Relativism is fashionable at the moment, and that may hamper you from thinking ab
12、out taste, even as yours grows. But if you come out of the closet and admit, at least to yourself, that there is such a thing as good and bad design, then you can start to study good design in detail. How has your taste changed? When you made mistakes, what caused you to make them? What have other p
13、eople learned about design? Once you start to examine the question, its surprising how much different fields ideas of beauty have in common. The same principles of good design crop up again and again. Good design is simple. You hear this from math to painting. In math it means that a shorter proof t
14、ends to be a better one. Where axioms are concerned, especially, less is more. It means much the same thing in programming. For architects and designers it means that beauty should depend on a few carefully chosen structural elements rather than a profusion of superficial ornament. (Ornament is not
15、in itself bad, only when its camouflage on insipid form.) Similarly, in painting, a still life of a few carefully observed and solidly modelled objects will tend to be more interesting than a stretch of flashy but mindlessly repetitive painting of, say, a lace collar. In writing it means: say what y
16、ou mean and say it briefly. Good design is timeless. Aiming at timelessness is a way to make yourself find the best answer: if you can imagine someone surpassing you, you should do it yourself. Some of the greatest masters did this so well that they left little room for those who came after. Every e
17、ngraver since Durer has had to live in his shadow. Aiming at timelessness is also a way to evade the grip of fashion. Fashions almost by definition change with time, so if you can make something that will still look good far into the future, then its appeal must derive more from merit and less from
18、fashion. Good design is suggestive. In architecture and design, this principle means that a building or object should let you use it how you want: a good building, for example, will serve as a backdrop for whatever life people want to lead in it, instead of making them live as if they were executing
19、 a program written by the architect. In software, it means you should give users a few basic elements that they can combine as they wish. In math it means a proof that becomes the basis for a lot of new work is preferable to a proof that was difficult, but doesnt lead to future discoveries; in the s
20、ciences generally, citation is considered a rough indicator of merit. Good design is hard. Hard problems call for great efforts. In math, difficult proofs require ingenious solutions, and those tend to be interesting. Ditto in engineering. When you have to climb a mountain you toss everything unnece
21、ssary out of your pack. And so an architect who has to build on a difficult site, or a small budget, will find that he is forced to produce an elegant design. Fashions and flourishes get knocked aside by the difficult business of solving the problem at all. Good design looks easy. In most fields the
22、 appearance of ease seems to come with practice. Perhaps what practice does is to train your unconscious mind to handle tasks that used to require conscious thought. In some cases you literally train your body. An expert pianist can play notes faster than the brain can send signals to his hand. Like
23、wise an artist, after a while, can make visual perception flow in through his eye and out through his hand as automatically as someone tapping his foot to a beat. When people talk about being in “the zone,“ I think what they mean is that the spinal cord has the situation under control. Your spinal c
24、ord is less hesitant, and it frees conscious thought for the hard problems. Good design uses symmetry. I think symmetry may just be one way to achieve simplicity, but its important enough to be mentioned on its own. Nature uses it a lot, which is a good sign. There are two kinds of symmetry, repetit
25、ion and recursion. Recursion means repetition in subelements, like the pattern of veins in a leaf. The danger of symmetry, and repetition especially, is that it can be used as a substitute for thought. Good design resembles nature. Its not so much that resembling nature is intrinsically good as that
26、 nature has had a long time to work on the problem. Its a good sign when your answer resembles natures. Its not cheating to copy. Working from life is a valuable tool in painting. The aim is not simply to make a record. The point of painting from life is that it gives your mind something to chew on:
27、 when your eyes are looking at something, your hands will do more interesting work. （分数：71.00）(1).By taste, my friend meant that he wanted students who were not good technicians, but who could use their technical knowledge to design beautiful things.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).In math, simplicity means t
28、hat a detailed proof tends to be a better one.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).If you can make something that is timeless, then its appeal must derive more from merit and less from fashion.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).I think symmetry may be the only way to achieve simplicity, so its important enough to be mentione
29、d on its own.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Many people today believe that taste is subjective because their thoughts tend to be a tangle of_.（分数：7.10）_(6).Simplicity means_ in writing.（分数：7.10）_(7).A good building, will serve as_, instead of making them live as if they were executing a program written by t
30、he architect.（分数：7.10）_(8).Perhaps what practice does is to train your unconscious mind to_.（分数：7.10）_(9).The danger of symmetry, and repetition especially, is that it can be used as_ for thought.（分数：7.10）_(10).The point of painting from life is that it gives your mind_: when your eyes are looking a
31、t something, your hands will do more interesting work.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.It will reduce government revenues.B.It will stimulate business activities.C.It will mainly benefit the wealthy.D.It will cut the stockholders dividends.A.She will do her best if the job is worth
32、doing.B.She prefers a life of continued exploration.C.She will stick to the job if the pay is good.D.She doesnt think much of job-hopping.A.Stop thinking about the matter.B.Talk the drug user out of the habit.C.Be more friendly to his schoolmate.D.Keep his distance from drug addicts.A.The son.B.The
33、father.C.The mother.D.Aunt Louise.A.Stay away for a couple of weeks.B.Check the locks every two weeks.C.Look after the Johnsons house.D.Move to another place.A.He would like to warm up for the game.B.He didnt want to be held up in traffic.C.He didnt want to miss the game.D.He wanted to catch as many
34、 game birds as possible.A.It was burned down.B.It was robbed.C.It was blown up.D.It was closed down.A.She isnt going to change her major.B.She plans to major in tax law.C.She studies in the same school as her brother.D.She isnt going to work in her brothers firm.A.The man should phone the hotel for
35、directions.B.The man can ask the department store for help.C.She doesnt have the hotels phone number.D.The hotel is just around the comer.A.She doesnt expect to finish all her work in thirty minutes.B.She has to do a lot of things within a short time.C.She has been overworking for a long time.D.She
36、doesnt know why there are so many things to do.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.To tell her that he cant attend her class today.B.To make an appointment with her for his roommate.C.To tell her that his roommate is unable to attend her class today.D.To discuss with her about his term paper.A.He almost fo
37、rgets to hand in the term paper.B.He almost forgets to ask the location of Dr. Bauers office.C.He almost forgets to ask for the information of a course in next semester.D.He almost forgets to make an appointment with Dr. Bauer.A.They have to take final exam.B.They have to give presentation.C.They ha
38、ve to read numerous books.D.They have to hand in a term paper of 2,000 words.A.The presence of life-forms far below the Earths surface.B.The risk of infection from rare strains of bacteria.C.Fictional representations of a hidden underground world.D.The reliability of evidence collected by new drilli
39、ng methods.A.Its texture.B.Its size.C.Its preservation.D.Its shape.A.The bacteria would be killed by the human immune system.B.The bacteria would die if brought to the surface.C.Many antidotes and remedies are available.D.Drilling operations are always closely monitored.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)A.
40、His father caught a serious disease.B.His mother passed away.C.His mother left him to marry a rich businessman.D.His father took to drinking.A.He disliked being disciplined.B.He was expelled by the university.C.He couldnt pay his gambling debts.D.He enjoyed working for a magazine.A.His poems are hea
41、vily influenced by French writers.B.His stories are mainly set in the State of Virginia.C.His work is difficult to read.D.His language is not refined.A.He grieved to death over the loss of his wife.B.He committed suicide for unknown reasons.C.He was shot dead at the age of 40.D.He died of heavy drin
42、king.A.Probing into the privacy of famous people.B.Short articles about less important events.C.Colorful pictures and smaller size.D.All above.A.The Daily Star.B.The Daily telegraph.C.The Times.D.The Daily Mirror.A.The Independent.B.The Daily Mirror.C.The Financial Times.D.The Daily Telegraph.A.They
43、 help to cure anxiety.B.They help patients to gain insight into the cause of anxiety.C.They help to control anxiety.D.They help patients to work efficiently.A.They reduce a persons appetite.B.They make a person less persistent in face of trouble.C.They make a persons nervous system weak.D.They make
44、a person more vulnerable to disease.A.Prejudiced.B.Enthusiastic.C.Indifferent.D.Objective.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The oldest and simplest method, then, of describing differences in personality was to (36) 1 people according to (37) 2. Such a system is called a Typology. A famous example of this m
45、ethod was (38) 3forth in Greece about the year 400B.C. A (39) 4 named Hippocrates theorized that there were four (40) 5, or humors, in the body: blood, yellow bile(胆汁), black bile, and phlegm (粘液). (41) 6to each humor, there (42) 7a definite type of personality. A person in whom all four humors were
46、 in perfect balance had a (43) 8personality. (44) 9. Someone with too much yellow bile was irritable and easily angered. (45) 10. An oversupply of phlegm caused a human being to be slow and unfeeling. (46) 11. Today, however, personality theories and classifications may also include factors such as heredity, the environment, intelligence, and emotional needs. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：177.00)Insurance is almost as important to business as banking. It works quite
