1、大学英语六级 264及答案解析(总分：448.02，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an open letter to the major of the city based on the following situation: You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given below: 1近年来，
2、本市的空气污染情况越来越严重； 2你认为造成空气污染的主要污染源是哪些?应该采取哪些措施? 3呼吁所有市民积极行动起来，治理空气污染。 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)When people think about air pollution, they usually think about smog, acid rain, CFCs, and other forms of outdoor air pollution. But do you know that air pollution also can exist inside
3、homes and other buildings? It can, and every year, the health of many people is affected by chemical substances present in the air within buildings. A great deal of research on pollution is being conducted at laboratories and universities. The goals of the research are to find solutions and to educa
4、te the public about the problem. Two places where this type of work is being done are LBNL and the University of California, Berkeley. Lets take a closer look at the various types of air pollution, the effects that they have on people, and what is being (or not being) done to correct the problem. Wh
5、at is Air Pollution? Air is the ocean we breathe. Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Air is 99.9% nitrogen (氮气), oxygen, water vapor and inert(惰性的) gases. Human activities can release substance
6、s into the air, some of which can cause problems for humans, plants, and animals. There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution which are commonly discussed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and “holes“ in the ozone layer. Each of these problems h
7、as serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the whole environment. One type of air pollution is the release of particles (微粒) into the air from burning fuel for energy. Diesel smoke (柴油烟) is a good example of this particulate matter. The particles are very small pieces of ma
8、tter measuring about 2.5 microns or about .0001 inches. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as “black carbon“ pollution. The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air. Some authorities believe that even the burning of wood
9、and charcoal (木炭) in fireplaces and barbeques can release significant quantities of soot (油烟) into the air. Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and chemical vapors. These can take part in further chemical reactions once
10、 they are in the atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain. Pollution also needs to be considered inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some of these pollutants can be created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. In the United States, we spend about 80-90% of our time inside buildings, a
11、nd so our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can be serious. It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Outdoor Air Pollution Smog is a type of large-scale outdoor pollution. It is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, pr
12、imarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions. Cities are often centers of these types of activities, and many suffer from the effects of smog, especially during the warm months of the year. Additional information about smog and its effects are available from the Air Quality Management Distric
13、t (AQMD) in southern California. For each city, the exact causes of pollution may be different. Depending on the geographical location, temperature, wind and weather factors, pollution is dispersed differently. However, sometimes this does not happen and the pollution can build up to dangerous level
14、s. A temperature inversion occurs when air close to the earth is cooler is 99.9% nitrogen (氮气), oxygen, water vapor and inert(惰性的) gases. Human activities can release substances into the air, some of which can cause problems for humans, plants, and animals. There are several main types of pollution
15、and well-known effects of pollution which are commonly discussed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and “holes“ in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the whole environment. One type of air pollution is the
16、 release of particles (微粒) into the air from burning fuel for energy. Diesel smoke (柴油烟) is a good example of this particulate matter. The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or about .0001 inches. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as “black carbon“ po
17、llution. The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air. Some authorities believe that even the burning of wood and charcoal (木炭) in fireplaces and barbeques can release significant quantities of soot (油烟) into the air. Another type of
18、pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and chemical vapors. These can take part in further chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain. Pollution also needs to be considered inside our homes, offices, an
19、d schools. Some of these pollutants can be created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. In the United States, we spend about 80-90% of our time inside buildings, and so our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can be serious. It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoo
20、r air pollution. Outdoor Air Pollution Smog is a type of large-scale outdoor pollution. It is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions. Cities are often centers of these types of activities, and many suffer
21、from the effects of smog, especially during the warm months of the year. Additional information about smog and its effects are available from the Air Quality Management District (AQMD) in southern California. For each city, the exact causes of pollution may be different. Depending on the geographica
22、l location, temperature, wind and weather factors, pollution is dispersed differently. However, sometimes this does not happen and the pollution can build up to dangerous levels. A temperature inversion occurs when air close to the earth is cooler lives. We work, study, eat, drink and sleep in enclo
23、sed environments where air circulation may be restricted. For these reasons, some experts feel that more people suffer from the effects of indoor air pollution than outdoor pollution. There are many sources of indoor air pollution. Tobacco smoke, cooking and heating appliances, and vapors from build
24、ing materials, paints, furniture, etc. cause pollution inside buildings. Radon is a natural radioactive gas released from the earth, and it can be found concentrated in basements in some parts of the United States. Pollution exposure at home and work is often greater than outdoors. The California Ai
25、r Resources Board estimates that indoor air pollutant levels are 25-62% greater than outside levels and can pose serious health problems. Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-term and long-term effects. Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in diff
26、erent ways. Some individuals are much more sensitive to pollutants than are others. Young children and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution. People with health problems such as asthma, heart and lung disease may also suffer more when the air is polluted. The extent to w
27、hich an individual is harmed by air pollution usually depends on the total exposure to the damaging chemicals, i.e., the duration of exposure and the concentration of the chemicals must be taken into account. Research into the health effects of air pollution is ongoing. Medical conditions arising fr
28、om air pollution can be very expensive. Healthcare costs, lost productivity in the workplace, and human welfare impacts cost billions of dollars each year. In many countries in the world, steps are being taken to stop the damage to our environment from air pollution. Scientific groups study the dama
29、ging effects on plant, animal and human life. Legislative bodies write laws to control emissions. Educators in schools and universities teach students, beginning at very young ages, about the effects of air pollution. （分数：71.00）(1).Main types of pollution include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effe
30、ct, and “holes“ in the ozone layer.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Nitrogen is one of noxious gases.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).In the United States, people usually spend about 80-90% of our time inside buildings.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Smog is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different
31、 sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).The Greenhouse Effect is generally believed to come from the_ in the atmosphere.（分数：7.10）_(6).The water (or snow) can become acidified when a pollutant combines with_ in the air.（分数：7.10）_(7).Ultraviolet radiation
32、 is known to cause skin cancer and has damaging effects on（分数：7.10）_(8)._is called “black carbon“ pollution.（分数：7.10）_(9).A temperature inversion occurs when_.（分数：7.10）_(10).The ozone layer in the stratosphere_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The woman is the mans boss.B.The man is
33、 the womans husband.C.The woman is the headmaster of a school.D.The woman wants to know something about a student.A.It is not too late for the man to return the book.B.The man should have returned the book earlier.C.She will probably wont do well on the coming Mondays test.D.The man should have been
34、 more thoughtful.A.The islands are very different from the North.B.The islands are a great distance from the North.C.The islands are similar to the North.D.The islands make her cry for the North.A.People are expected to come at six.B.A formal party will be held.C.It will be a party for relaxation.D.
35、There is no need to prepare special clothes.A.Natalie already knows about the surprise party.B.Eugene and Natalie are not good friends.C.Eugene will probably tell Natalie about the party.D.Eugene wont tell Natalie about the party.A.Its time to urge him to study math.B.He himself should make the deci
36、sion.C.They should help him study math.D.They should leave right now.A.He fell during the soccer game.B.He did not study hard.C.He likes botany more than math.D.Martin wishes he had more time for his studies.A.She has to change the time for the trip.B.She hasnt decided where to go next month.C.She c
37、ant afford the time for the trip.D.She will manage to leave this month.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Art history.B.Elementary education.C.American literature.D.Psychology.A.They are the parents of young children.B.They are professional storytellers.C.The stories will help them improve their vocabular
38、y.D.The stories are required for a course.A.The same personauthor of The Cat in the Hat.B.Friends of the speakers.C.Psychology professors.D.Fictional characters.A.Its author is unknown.B.Its useful as a teaching tool.C.It uses an extensive vocabulary.D.Children find it repetitive and boring.A.In the
39、 late morning.B.Immediately after lunch.C.In the mid-afternoon.D.After the evening meal.A.Controversial.B.Impersonal.C.Patronizing.D.Cooperative.A.They make him feel good.B.They make no impact on him.C.They bore him.D.They make him angry.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.Because many people dont know how
40、 to behave in social situations.B.Because nobody will laugh at you for being shy.C.Because shyness is difficult to overcome.D.Because many people are shy by nature.A.By prediction.B.By recording.C.Through observation.D.Through interviewing.A.To find out how shy people are.B.To change peoples behavio
41、r in social life.C.To observe peoples attitude towards strangers.D.To see how people get along with their friends.A.Through food.B.Through airC.Through insects.D.Through body fluids.A.They ran a high fever.B.They died from excessive bleeding.C.Their nervous system was damaged.D.They suffered from he
42、art attack.A.To see what happened to the survivors of the outbreak.B.To study animals that can also get infected with the disease.C.To find out where the virus originates.D.To look for the plants that could cure the disease.A.Their business hours are limited.B.Their safety measures are inadequate.C.
43、Their banking procedures are complicated.D.They dont have enough service windows.A.People who are in the habit of switching from one bank to another.B.Young people who are fond of modern technology.C.Young people who are wealthy and well-educated.D.People who have computers at home.A.To compete for
44、customers.B.To reduce the size of their staff.C.To provide services for distant clients.D.To expand their operations at a lower cost.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Current studies show that what goes on labels is an important consideration for manufacturers, since more than seventy percent of (36) 1read
45、 food labels when considering whether to buy a product. A recent controversy as to whether labels on (37) 2foods should educate or merely (38) 3the is over, and a group got its way. The group had (39) 4that product labels should do more than simply list how many grams of nutrients a food (40) 5. The
46、ir contention was that labels should also list the percentage of a days (41) 6nutrients that the product will supply to the , because this ation is (42) 7in planning a healthy diet. A government agency disagreed strongly, favoring a label that merely s the (43) 8, in other words, (44) 9. The agency
47、that s could decide for themselves if the food is nutritious and is meeting their daily needs. (45) 10, and were then asked if they would need more or less of a certain nutrient after eating a serving of this product. (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七
