1、大学英语六级 259 及答案解析(总分：448.01，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Long Holidays. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese: 1.长假给大学生带来的好处 2.长假可能给大学生带来问题 3.我应当怎术过好长假 （分数：3
2、0.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)A Brief History of American Anti-Smoking Campaigns The First Anti-Smoking Treatise Tobacco is a native American plant that was first used as a smoking substance in the religious ceremonies of Indian medicine men in coastal regions of North and South America.
3、Its use had become widespread in Europe by the late 1500s, but was not well received by all. King James I of England published what may be considered the first anti-smoking treatise in 1604, which described tobacco smoking as “a custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain,
4、 dangerous to the lungs“. Despite King James effort, tobacco use, in the form of snuff dipping and pipe smoking spread in England and then quickly throughout the world. The English colonial companies, working against the wishes of the royal family, promoted the use of tobacco. Tobacco became a profi
5、table export for the newly formed American colonies. It was not until the 20th century that large numbers of people began to use tobacco in a much more deadly form: cigarette. Cancers of the mouth, lips, throat and nose had already been linked with the use of snuff, cigars and pipes by a few astute
6、(敏锐的) physicians. With the development of the blended cigarette, smokers had the “advantage“ of being able to inhale smoke into their lungs, more efficiently exposing the entire body to many of tobaccos harmful substances. The epidemic of cigarette-related diseases soon followed. The Great Cigarette
7、 Advertising Campaign Before 1915, cigarettes were not particularly popular. However, beginning in World War I cigarette sales rose sharply, boosted by distribution to soldiers and sailors, the invention of match packs and an unprecedented postwar cigarette advertising campaign. During the war, Gene
8、ral John J. Pershing stated “you ask me what we need to win this war. I answer tobacco as much as bullets.“ Cigarettes were sent overseas to American troops. They were so much more convenient to smoke in the trenches than pipes or cigars. Millions of soldiers thus took up cigarette smoking during th
9、e war and continued their habit once they returned home. The great 20th century cigarette advertising campaign began right after World War I, capitalizing on the patriotism that accompanied the war effort. The ads often featured testimonials (证明) by movie stars, athletes and even doctors, who went s
10、o far as to suggest that good health and good looks were the rewards of smoking. Some cigarette manufacturers made particularly bold health claims for their products, advertising that their brand could steady the nerves or even prevent smokers cough. The advertising campaigns were so effective that
11、by 1939, a Fortune magazine survey showed that 53 percent of all adult American men smoked cigarettes (as did 66 percent of those under 40). The widespread use of cigarettes among women lagged some 25 to 30 years behind that of men. Although a few daring women had smoked cigarettes even before World
12、 War I, women did not take up smoking in large numbers until the 1940s. During World War II, cigarettes were again sent free to American military. At home, cigarette advertising was targeted at females, who had taken over traditional male jobs. First Clues Unknown to the smoking public, an impressiv
13、e amount of speculationand some hard scientific evidencewhich linked smoking with disease had emerged between 1920 and 1940. Tobacco companies chose to ignore this evidence and continued to promote cigarettes heavily. By todays standards, the medical evidence gathered against cigarettes by 1940 woul
14、d have been enough to stimulate a thorough investigation of the matter and the extensive coverage in the popular press. Unfortunately, this was not the case at the time. Few people were aware of the evidence, and those were did not appear to be overly alarmed by it. This may have been due partially
15、to the fact that cigarettes had become as common and as all-American as apple pies. People found it difficult to be suspicious of them. Also, the majority of American men were physically and psychologically dependent upon cigarettes. They did not want to believe bad news about something that would h
16、ave been hard to give up. Finally, the nation had developed a large economic stake in tobacco and thus was resistant to any information which could have endangered the success of both the industry and southern agriculture. Mounting Evidence During the 1950s, the evidence became increasingly difficul
17、t to ignore. In 1954, a landmark study of smoking habits and mortality among physicians appeared in the British Medical Journal. Health professionals considered it the most impressive evidence to date of the life-shortening effects of smoking. By the middle of the decade there was a significant amou
18、nt of solid medical evidence which indicated that cigarette smoking increased the risk of lung cancer and other diseases. The data continued to accumulate throughout the decade. In 1957 and 1959 U.S. Surgeon General Leroy Burney issued statements indicating that the evidence was sufficient to implic
19、ate smoking as a causal factor in lung cancer. As the data came in, not only was its consistency undeniable, but the list of specific adverse effects of cigarette smoking continued to grow. What had started out as just a “lung cancer scare“ had become a more broadly based “health threat“. By 1960, t
20、he distribution of free cigarettes at annual medical and public health meetings stopped. The tobacco industry (and articles in the popular press) continued to assert that there was still “controversy“ over the health effects of smoking. Still, it rushed to develop a cigarette that consumers would pe
21、rceive as “less harmful“. In 1950, only about two percent of cigarettes manufactured in the U.S. were filtered. Over the next several years the percentage of filtered cigarettes continued to grow. By the end of the decade it had reached 50 percent. Regulatory Action in the 1960s By the early 1960s,
22、the scientific evidence against cigarette smoking was overwhelming. Thus, when the first report of the Surgeon Generals advisory committee was released in 1964, it merely made official what the scientific community had known for some time. Surrounded by “No Smoking“ signs, reporters heard the grim w
23、arnings of the nations chief physician, Surgeon General Luther Terry, and his ten-member panel of experts. One week after the release of Surgeon Generals report, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed that all cigarette packages and advertising be required to carry a strong warning of the hazar
24、ds of smoking. Although a weaker version of the health warning did appear on cigarette packages beginning in 1966, it represented more of a victory for the tobacco industry than for public health. Instead of the explicit warning on cigarette packages and advertising called for by the FTC, the indust
25、ry orchestrated (周密策划) a Congressional mandate (授权) for a vague “may be hazardous to your health“ statement on cigarette packages only. (The warning did not appear in cigarette advertising until several years later.) The anti-smoking ads were apparently effective in encouraging many to quitso effect
26、ive, in fact, that the cigarette industry announced its eagerness to withdraw all television and radio advertising. (Manufacturers knew that if cigarette ads were taken from the air, the free anti-smoking messages would have to go also.) A bill emerged from Congress in 1969, which banned all cigaret
27、te ads from the air as of midnight January 1, 1971. On New Years Day of that year, the “Marlboro Man“ rode across the screen for the last time in a U.S. commercial. Cigarettes in the 1970s and 1980s In contrast to previous years, the remainder of the 1970s and the 1980s saw less federal regulatory a
28、nd legislative action concerning cigarettes. The FTC finally succeeded in ordering cigarette manufacturers to carry a health warning in all print advertising. (As expected, there had been a rapid proliferation in magazines, and newspapers of the cigarette ads which had been removed from the airwaves
29、.) In 1984, Congress required that the single warning label be replaced with four labels, rotating every three months, and later banned smoking on virtually all domestic flights. Surgeon General led the nation in the fight against tobacco-related disease. Regulation of smoking was more active below
30、the federal level. Many states and cities passed legislation banning cigarette smoking in certain public places, such as trains, buses and subway stations. The efforts of grassroots non-smokers rights groups encouraged localities to aggressively pass and enforce new laws prohibiting sales of cigaret
31、tes to minors and requiring non-smoking areas in restaurants, stores, theaters, sports schools and universities and government buildings. （分数：71.00）(1).Cigarettes became popular in Europe by the late 1500s.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).During World War II, more younger people took up smoking.（分数：7.10）A.YB.
32、NC.NG(3).Cigarettes manufacturers were eager to quit television and radio advertising because the cost of advertising was getting much higher.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).The primary purpose of the text is to discuss dangers of smoking.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).During the World War I, millions of American so
33、ldiers formed the habit of 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(6).The number of women smokers started to increase greatly during 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(7).Between 1920 and 1940, some people were aware of the link between 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(8).To ensure their sales, some tobacco companies stated that there was still“ 1“
34、over the effects of cigarettes on health.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).During the 1960s, FTC required all cigarette packages and advertising to print an explicit warning of 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Smoking was banned on almost all 1 in 1984.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Riding a horse.
35、B.Taking a photo.C.Shooting a movie.D.Playing a game.A.Shell teach the man to operate the computer.B.She doesnt think his sister is a good typist.C.She thinks the man should buy a computer.D.Shell type the letter for the man.A.She wants to borrow Johns card.B.Shell let John use the journal first.C.J
36、ohn can share the magazine with her.D.John should find another copy for himself.A.She suggested a way out of the difficulty for the man.B.She took the man to where he wanted to go.C.She came a long way to meet the man.D.She promised to help the man.A.The company has trouble printing a schedule.B.The
37、 speakers arrived at the station late.C.The train seldom arrives on time.D.The schedule has been misprinted.A.Not to subscribe to the journal.B.To buy the latest issue of the magazine.C.To find a better science journal in the library.D.Not to miss any chance to collect useful information.A.She wants
38、 to borrow the mans student ID card.B.The performance turl0ed out to be disappointing.C.The tickets are Ness expensive than she expected.D.She wont be able to get any discount for the ticket.A.Take courses with a lighter workload.B.Drop one course and do it next semester.C.Do the assignments towards
39、 the end of the semester.D.Quit the history course and choose another one instead.A.The organization of a conference.B.The decoration of the conference room.C.The job of cleaning up the dining-room.D.The cost of renting a conference room.A.Fix his car.B.Prepare the dinner.C.Meet his client.D.Work at
40、 his office.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Shes waiting for her father.B.Shes having her bicycle repaired.C.She wanted to surprise John.D.She works there.A.To replace his stolen bicycle.B.To begin bicycling to work.C.To join a bicycle club.D.To train for a bicycle race.A.It must be the right height.B.
41、It must have several gears.C.It must have good tires.D.It must be the right weight.A.Her kids will arrive home after school.B.She is too exhausted to work.C.She has finished her work.D.The man does not ask her to go back to the office.A.It is produced by weird people.B.The woman does not like it.C.O
42、ne can see a lot of strange things in it.D.The man is determined to watch it tonight.A.The woman will record tonights program.B.He will be having a meeting with his boss at that time.C.His boss might ask him to stay up late.D.He may have to prepare for tomorrows business trip.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30
43、.00)A.A victim.B.A police detective.C.A robber.D.A pet bird.A.She recognized the robbers.B.She knew the robbers names.C.She found the stolen property.D.She reported the robbery.A.Two.B.Twenty-six.C.Twenty-eight.D.Thirty.A.Babythe Parrot Detective.B.An Amazon Parrot.C.Rising Crime Rates in American S
44、ociety.D.How to Protect Your House.A.Whether global warming will speed up in the future.B.Whether it will lead to widespread food shortage.C.Whether it can be detected and checked.D.Whether it will affect their own lives.A.Many species have developed a habit of migration.B.Many species have become l
45、ess sensitive to climate.C.Many new species have come into existence.D.Many species have moved further north.A.Storms and floods.B.Disease and fire.C.Rapid increase of the animal population.D.Less space for their growth.A.They will face extinction without artificial reproduction.B.They will have to
46、migrate to find new homes.C.They will be able to survive in the preserves.D.They will gradually die out.A.Nurse.B.Visitor.C.PatientD.Cleaner.A.To clean the floor.B.To please the nurse.C.To see a patient.D.To surprise the story-teller.A.Polite.B.Patient.C.Changeable.D.Clever.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.0
47、0)Sixteen-year-old Michael Viscardi of San Diego won first (36) 1 in the Siemens Westinghouse Competition in Math, Science and Technology. He showed (37) 2 to a nineteen-century math problem. Michael has been (38) 3by his mother, who has a doctorate in neuroscience (神经学). He also worked on his (39)
48、4with a professor at a university. The National Center for Education Statistics did its (40) 5research on home-schooling in 2003. Researchers found that more than one million American students learned at home. That was more than two percent of the school-age (41) 6. Michael Viscardsi, for example, h
49、as been taught mostly at home, but with (42) 7math classes at a (43) 8university. The researchers asked parents why they home- their children. Thirty-one percent said the most important reason was concern about the environment of the schools. Thirty percent said it was to provide religious instruction. Sixteen percent said they were not satisfied with the quali
