1、大学英语六级 202及答案解析(总分：427.99，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Students Union, Associations and Personal Development. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1大学里学生会和各种社团的现状 2参加学生会和各种
2、社团对个人发展的作用 3我的观念中大学生对待学生会和社团活动的正确态度 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Air Pollution When people think about air pollution, they usually think about smog, acid rain, CFCs, and other forms of outdoor air pollution. But did you know that air pollution also can exist inside homes and other b
3、uildings? It can, and every year, the health of many people is affected by chemical substances present in the air within buildings. A great deal of research on pollution is being conducted at laboratories and universities. The goals of the research are to find solutions and to educate the public abo
4、ut the problem. Two places where this type of work is being done are LBNL and the University of California, Berkeley. Lets take a closer look at the various types of air pollution, the effects that they have on people, and what is being (or not being) done to correct the problem. What Is Air Polluti
5、on? Air is the ocean we breathe. Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Air is 99.9% nitrogen (氮气), oxygen, water vapor and inert(惰性的) gases. Human activities can release substances into the air, s
6、ome of which can cause problems for humans, plants, and animals. There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution which are commonly discussed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and “holes“ in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implic
7、ations for our health and well-being as well as for the whole environment. One type of air pollution is the release of particles (微粒) into the air from burning fuel for energy. Diesel smoke (柴油烟) is a good example of this particulate matter. The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring ab
8、out 2.5 microns or about .0001 inches. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as “black carbon“ pollution. The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air. Some authorities believe that even the burning of wood and charcoal (木炭)
9、 in fireplaces and barbeques can release significant quantities of soot (油烟) into the air. Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and chemical vapors. These can take part in further chemical reactions once they are in the
10、atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain. Pollution also needs to be considered inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some of these pollutants can be created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. In the United States, we spend about 80-90% of our time inside buildings, and so our exposur
11、e to harmful indoor pollutants can be serious. It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Outdoor Air Pollution Smog is a type of large-scale outdoor pollution. It is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobil
12、e exhaust and industrial emissions. Cities are often centers of these types of activities, and many suffer from the effects of smog, especially during the warm months of the year. Additional information about smog and its effects are available from the Air Quality Management District (AQMD) in south
13、ern California. For each city, the exact causes of pollution may be different. Depending on the geographical location, temperature, wind and weather factors, pollution is dispersed differently. However, sometimes this does not happen and the pollution can build up to dangerous levels. A temperature
14、inversion occurs when air close to the earth is cooler than the air above it. Under these conditions the pollution cannot rise and be dispersed. Cities surrounded by mountains also experience trapping of pollution. Inversion can happen in any season. Winter inversions are likely to cause particulate
15、 and carbon monoxide pollution. Summer inversions are more likely to create smog. Another consequence of outdoor air pollution is acid rain. When a pollutant, such as sulfuric acid combines with droplets of water in the air, the water (or snow) can become acidified. The effects of acid rain on the e
16、nvironment can be very serious. It damages plants by destroying their leaves, it poisons the soil, and it changes the chemistry of lakes and streams. Damage due to acid rain kills trees and harms animals, fish, and other wildlife. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Environmental Protection Agenc
17、y (EPA), and Environment Canada are among the organizations that are actively studying the acid rain problem. The Greenhouse Effect, also referred to as global warming, is generally believed to come from the buildup of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is produced when fuels are b
18、urned. Plants convert carbon dioxide back to oxygen, but the release of carbon dioxide from human activities is higher than the worlds plants can process. The situation is made worse since many of the earths forests are being removed, and plant life is being damaged by acid rain. Thus, the amount of
19、 carbon dioxide in the air is continuing to increase. This buildup acts like a blanket and traps heat close to the surface of our earth. Changes of even a few degrees will affect us all through changes in the climate and even the possibility that the polar ice caps may melt. (One of the consequences
20、 of polar ice cap melting would be a rise in global sea level, resulting in widespread coastal flooding.) Ozone depletion is another result of pollution. Chemicals released by our activities affect the stratosphere, one of the atmospheric layers surrounding earth. The ozone layer in the stratosphere
21、 protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) from aerosol cans, cooling systems and refrigerator equipment removes some of the ozone, causing “holes“, to open up in this layer and allowing the radiation to reach the earth. Ultraviolet rad
22、iation is known to cause skin cancer and has damaging effects on plants and wildlife. Additional resources and information about the ozone depletion problem are available from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Indoor Air Pollution Many people spend large portion of time ind
23、oors - as much as 80-90% of their lives. We work, study, eat, drink and sleep in enclosed environments where air circulation may be restricted. For these reasons, some experts feel that more people suffer from the effects of indoor air pollution than outdoor pollution. There are many sources of indo
24、or air pollution. Tobacco smoke, cooking and heating appliances, and vapors from building materials, paints, furniture, etc. cause pollution inside buildings. Radon is a natural radioactive gas released from the earth, and it can be found concentrated in basements in some parts of the United States.
25、 Pollution exposure at home and work is often greater than outdoors. The California Air Resources Board estimates that indoor air pollutant levels are 25-62% greater than outside levels and can pose serious health problems. Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-term and lo
26、ng-term effects. Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in different ways. Some individuals are much more sensitive to pollutants than are others. Young children and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution. People with health problems such as asthma,
27、 heart and lung disease may also suffer more when the air is polluted. The extent to which an individual is harmed by air pollution usually depends on the total exposure to the damaging chemicals, i.e., the duration of exposure and the concentration of the chemicals must be taken into account. Resea
28、rch into the health effects of air pollution is ongoing. Medical conditions arising from air pollution can be very expensive. Healthcare costs, lost productivity in the workplace, and human welfare impacts cost billions of dollars each year. In many countries in the world, steps are being taken to s
29、top the damage to our environment from air pollution. Scientific groups study the damaging effects on plant, animal and human life. Legislative bodies write laws to control emissions. Educators in schools and universities teach students, beginning at very young ages, about the effects of air polluti
30、on. （分数：71.00）(1).Main types of pollution include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and “holes“ in the ozone layer.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Nitrogen is one of noxious gases.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).In the United States, people usually spend about 80-90% of our time inside buildings.（分数：7.10）A.YB.N
31、C.NG(4).Smog is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).The Greenhouse Effect is generally believed to come from the_in the atmosphere.（分数：7.10）_(6).The water (or snow) can become aci
32、dified when a pollutant combines with_in the air.（分数：7.10）_(7).Ultraviolet radiation is known to cause skin cancer and has damaging effects on_.（分数：7.10）_(8)._is called “black carbon“ pollution.（分数：7.10）_(9).A temperature inversion occurs when_.（分数：7.10）_(10).The ozone layer in the stratosphere_.（分数
33、：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Dicks trousers dont match his jacket.B.Dick looks funny in that yellow jacket.C.The color of Dicks jacket is too dark.D.Dick has bad taste in clothes.A.Call the police station.B.Get the wallet for the man.C.Show the man her family pictures.D.Ask to see
34、the mans drivers license.A.The temperature is not as high as the man claims.B.The room will get cool if the man opens the windows.C.She is following instructions not to use the air-conditioning.D.She is afraid the new epidemic SARS will soon spread all over town.A.She lost a lot of weight in two yea
35、rs.B.She stopped exercising two years ago.C.She had a unique way of staying healthy.D.She was never persistent in anything she did.A.The man is not suitable for the position.B.The job has been given to someone else.C.She had received only one application letter.D.The application arrived a week earli
36、er than expected.A.Hes unwilling to fetch the laundry.B.He has already picked up the laundry.C.He will go before the laundry is closed.D.He thinks his mother should get the clothes back.A.At a shopping center.B.At an electronics company.C.At an international trade fair.D.At a DVD counter in a music
37、store.A.The woman hated the man talking throughout the movie.B.The woman saw a comedy instead of a horror movie.C.The woman prefers light movies before sleep.D.The woman regrets going to the movie.A.He is the right man to get the job done.B.He is a man with professional expertise.C.He is not easy to
38、 get along with.D.He is not likely to get the job.A.It is being forced out of the entertainment industry.B.It should change its concept of operation.C.It should revolutionize its technology.D.It is a very good place to relax.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Shed like to take her book back.B.Shed like to
39、 borrow a book.C.Shed like to know whether she could order a book that has come in.D.Shed like to know whether a book that shed ordered has come in.A.A psychology book.B.A physical book.C.An architecture book.D.Not mentioned yet.A.A library.B.A publishing house.C.A museum.D.A bookstore.A.Shes got go
40、od results in all subjects.B.She has no clear idea about all the results.“C.She hasnt got very good results in some subjects.D.She doesnt care about them at all.A.He doesnt have enough money.B.He wants to earn some money.C.He wants to study for the next term.D.He wants to camp with the woman.A.Becau
41、se she didnt find suitable courses.B.because the summer courses of this year were the same as before.C.Because her friends persuaded her to do so.D.Because she wants to do some different things.A.Enough food for a week.B.A sleeping bag and a raincoat.C.Hiking boots and bathing suit.D.A camping tent.
42、五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)A.If a child is given an allowance, he or she may spend all the money very soon.B.If a child is given an allowance, he or she may be spoiled and finally mined.C.If a child is given an allowance, he or she may feel responsible and careful about money.D.If a child is given a
43、n allowance, he or she may lose the money and can not return home.A.To question the opinion about pocket money.B.To compare Stephens with other financial experts.C.To explain that parents should be strict when children are developing good habits about money.D.To suggest that pocket money is useless
44、in developing a childs sense of responsibility.A.Paying children for their housework is no good.B.A childs initiative can be developed if he or she is paid for all the housework.C.Children may feel lost and lonely if they have no pocket money.D.Children may learn to put aside some money if they are
45、given an allowance.A.Because they are motivated by feminism.B.Because they have to own money to support their family.C.Because they dont have to take care their babies.D.Because their husband want them to work.A.A third.B.Two thirds.C.Half of the total.D.Almost all.A.The growing work force provides
46、it with more workers.B.The government taxes it lighter than before.C.Many people no longer cook at home.D.Highly educated work force improves its work efficiency.A.1,000B.23,000C.20,000D.2,000A.She felt proud.B.She felt satisfied.C.She felt delighted.D.She felt surprised.A.She was asked to call the
47、chairmans wife.B.She was asked to make a copy of English final exam.C.She was asked to go to the chairmans wifes office.D.She was asked to retake the final exam.A.Because she was a black girl.B.Because she got the highest average in the class.C.Because she wanted to hit the chairmans wife.D.Because she refused to retake the exam.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and (36) 1against danger
