1、大学英语六级 173及答案解析(总分：448.03，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Reading Selectively Or Extensively? You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1有人
2、认为读书要有选择 2有人认为应当博览辟书 3我的看法 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)When people think about air pollution, they usually think about smog, acid rain, CFCs, and other forms of outdoor air pollution. But do you know that air pollution also can exist inside homes and other buildings? It can, and ev
3、ery year, the health of many people is affected by chemical substances present in the air within buildings. A great deal of research on pollution is being conducted at laboratories and universities. The goals of the research are to find solutions and to educate the public about the problem. Two plac
4、es where this type of work is being done are LBNL and the University of California, Berkeley. Lets take a closer look at the various types of air pollution, the effects that they have on people, and what is being (or not being) done to correct the problem. What is Air Pollution? Air is the ocean we
5、breathe. Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Air is 99.9% nitrogen (氮气), oxygen, water vapor and inert(惰性的) gases. Human activities can release substances into the air, some of which can cause p
6、roblems for humans, plants, and animals. There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution which are commonly discussed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and “holes“ in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health an
7、d well-being as well as for the whole environment. One type of air pollution is the release of particles (微粒) into the air from burning fuel for energy. Diesel smoke (柴油烟) is a good example of this particulate matter. The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or about
8、 .0001 inches. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as “black carbon“ pollution. The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air. Some authorities believe that even the burning of wood and charcoal (木炭) in fireplaces and barbe
9、ques can release significant quantities of soot (油烟) into the air. Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and chemical vapors. These can take part in further chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, forming smog
10、 and acid rain. Pollution also needs to be considered inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some of these pollutants can be created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. In the United States, we spend about 80-90% of our time inside buildings, and so our exposure to harmful indoor poll
11、utants can be serious. It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Outdoor Air Pollution Smog is a type of large-scale outdoor pollution. It is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial
12、 emissions. Cities are often centers of these types of activities, and many suffer from the effects of smog, especially during the warm months of the year. Additional information about smog and its effects are available from the Air Quality Management District (AQMD) in southern California. For each
13、 city, the exact causes of pollution may be different. Depending on the geographical location, temperature, wind and weather factors, pollution is dispersed differently. However, sometimes this does not happen and the pollution can build up to dangerous levels. A temperature inversion occurs when ai
14、r close to the earth is cooler is 99.9% nitrogen (氮气), oxygen, water vapor and inert(惰性的) gases. Human activities can release substances into the air, some of which can cause problems for humans, plants, and animals. There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution which
15、 are commonly discussed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and “holes“ in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the whole environment. One type of air pollution is the release of particles (微粒) into the air f
16、rom burning fuel for energy. Diesel smoke (柴油烟) is a good example of this particulate matter. The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or about .0001 inches. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as “black carbon“ pollution. The exhaust from burning fuels i
17、n automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air. Some authorities believe that even the burning of wood and charcoal (木炭) in fireplaces and barbeques can release significant quantities of soot (油烟) into the air. Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases
18、, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and chemical vapors. These can take part in further chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain. Pollution also needs to be considered inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some of these pollutants can b
19、e created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. In the United States, we spend about 80-90% of our time inside buildings, and so our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can be serious. It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Outdoor Air Pollution Sm
20、og is a type of large-scale outdoor pollution. It is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust and industrial emissions. Cities are often centers of these types of activities, and many suffer from the effects of smog, especially duri
21、ng the warm months of the year. Additional information about smog and its effects are available from the Air Quality Management District (AQMD) in southern California. For each city, the exact causes of pollution may be different. Depending on the geographical location, temperature, wind and weather
22、 factors, pollution is dispersed differently. However, sometimes this does not happen and the pollution can build up to dangerous levels. A temperature inversion occurs when air close to the earth is cooler lives. We work, study, eat, drink and sleep in enclosed environments where air circulation ma
23、y be restricted. For these reasons, some experts feel that more people suffer from the effects of indoor air pollution than outdoor pollution. There are many sources of indoor air pollution. Tobacco smoke, cooking and heating appliances, and vapors from building materials, paints, furniture, etc. ca
24、use pollution inside buildings. Radon is a natural radioactive gas released from the earth, and it can be found concentrated in basements in some parts of the United States. Pollution exposure at home and work is often greater than outdoors. The California Air Resources Board estimates that indoor a
25、ir pollutant levels are 25-62% greater than outside levels and can pose serious health problems. Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-term and long-term effects. Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in different ways. Some individuals are much mor
26、e sensitive to pollutants than are others. Young children and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution. People with health problems such as asthma, heart and lung disease may also suffer more when the air is polluted. The extent to which an individual is harmed by air pollu
27、tion usually depends on the total exposure to the damaging chemicals, i.e., the duration of exposure and the concentration of the chemicals must be taken into account. Research into the health effects of air pollution is ongoing. Medical conditions arising from air pollution can be very expensive. H
28、ealthcare costs, lost productivity in the workplace, and human welfare impacts cost billions of dollars each year. In many countries in the world, steps are being taken to stop the damage to our environment from air pollution. Scientific groups study the damaging effects on plant, animal and human l
29、ife. Legislative bodies write laws to control emissions. Educators in schools and universities teach students, beginning at very young ages, about the effects of air pollution. （分数：71.00）(1).Main types of pollution include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and “holes“ in the ozone layer.（分数：7.
30、10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Nitrogen is one of noxious gases.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).In the United States, people usually spend about 80-90% of our time inside buildings.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Smog is caused by chemical reactions between pollutants derived from different sources, primarily automobile exhaust an
31、d industrial emissions.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).The Greenhouse Effect is generally believed to come from the_ in the atmosphere.（分数：7.10）_(6).The water (or snow) can become acidified when a pollutant combines with_ in the air.（分数：7.10）_(7).Ultraviolet radiation is known to cause skin cancer and has da
32、maging effects on（分数：7.10）_(8)._is called “black carbon“ pollution.（分数：7.10）_(9).A temperature inversion occurs when_.（分数：7.10）_(10).The ozone layer in the stratosphere_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.He refused to drive her to the station.B.He is glad to drive her to the station.
33、C.He forgot his driving license.D.He has a new car.A.The woman will pay by check.B.The woman will not make the purchase.C.The woman will pay by the credit card.D.The woman prefers the gift unwrapped.A.Call a friend.B.Work on his car.C.Take a taxi.D.Walk to work.A.They will sail to San Francisco.B.Th
34、ey will fly to San Francisco.C.They will drive to San Francisco.D.They will take a train to San Francisco.A.Its not important how he dances.B.Its too crowed to dance anyway.C.If hes careful, no one will notice.D.No one knows the steps to the dance.A.Sailing a boat.B.Catching a worm.C.Fishing.D.Hangi
35、ng clothes.A.She doesnt like the film.B.The film is hard to understand.C.She saw the film from beginning to end.D.She only saw the last part of the film.A.She is going to Hawaii.B.She has traveled all over the world.C.She likes postcards.D.She is going on vacation.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.The ma
36、n.B.The woman.C.They pay for their own dinner respectively.D.Someone else.A.Because it serves only a few specialties.B.Because its too crowded.C.Because its too costly.D.Because the service is too slow.A.There arent many varieties of food at lunch counters.B.Some school kids eat in school cafeterias
37、.C.Workers go back home to have lunch.D.The woman likes American food. Section BA.$15,000.B.$10,500.C.$14,000.D.$16,000.A.Four.B.Five.C.Three.D.Seven.A.Next month.B.Next week.C.Two days later.D.Ten days later.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.Separate houses were built for storing ice.B.Double walls were
38、 built in icehouses to keep cool.C.Blocks of ice were packed with hay in icehouses.D.Ice was put into icehouses in winter.A.The ice was cut and handled with the help of some special tools.B.The ice was taken from the flowing river with hooks and carried by sleds to icehouses.C.The ice was carried on
39、 the frozen surface of the pond or river.D.The ice was sawed into even blocks by workers.A.Saws, choppers, axes, tongs, hooks.B.Axes, saws, choppers, tongs, hooks.C.Choppers, axes, saws, hooks, tongs.D.Axes, saws, choppers, hooks, tongs.A.A kind of fruit.B.A kind of flower petal.C.Pig fat.D.A natura
40、l dye.A.It is not convenient to use.B.It is not expensive.C.It is very soft.D.It is very hard.A.Waxes.B.Thicker oil.C.Colors.D.Thinner oil.A.Soil.B.Human population.C.Forest.D.Water.A.By using satellite images, maps, etc.B.By studying specific farming methods.C.By studying the variation of human pop
41、ulation.D.By analyzing the quality of crops.A.By forcing them farming.B.By affecting the quality of soils.C.By adding chemicals and pollute the waterways.D.By affecting the environments they live in.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Buckingham Palace and other (36) 1 residences open to the public do not ac
42、cept euros at their gift shops and entry turnstiles. The new currency was launched in 12 European Union countries on January 1st, 2002, but Britain was not one of them. A Buckingham Palace (37) 2 said the decision not to accept the euro was (38) 3a business one and not a (39) 4statement. The retail
43、outlets at the official residences have never accepted any other currencies. It is (40) 5 because as very small retail outlets, they dont have the (41) 6 for changing currencies. However, many retail outlets in Britain have prepared to accept the new currency since millions of (42) 7 are expected to
44、 visit the country every year. In 2002 alone, visitors from the Euro (43) 8 were estimated to spend more than 6. 55 billion euros in Britain. Major department stores Debenhams and Marks women and children are dependents. The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household shoul
45、d naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex. It is thus appropriate for women, not men, to be employed as nurses, social workers, elementary school teachers, household helpers, and clerks and secretaries. These positions are simply an extension of womens d
46、omestic role. Informal distinctions between “womens work“ and “mens work“ in the labor force, according to the ideology, are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between sexes. Finally, the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way. For the human
47、 species to survive over time, its members must regularly reproduce. Thus, women must, whether at home or in the labor force, make the most of their physical appearance. So goes the ideology. It is, of course, not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex-defined roles in social life. There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society, and those role differences that do exist are largely learned. But to the degree people actually be
