1、大学英语六级 154 及答案解析(总分：427.98，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Don t Hesitate to Say “No“. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1别人请
2、求帮助时，在什么情况下我们会说“不” 2为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不” 3该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Will the World Remember Disney or Plato? Significant Worldwide Influence of American Culture LONDONDown in the mall, between the fast-food joint and the bagel shop, a group of young people huddles
3、in a flurry of baggy combat pants, skateboards, and slang. They size up a woman teetering past wearing DKNY, carrying Time magazine in one hand and a latte in the other. She brushes past a guy in a Yankees baseball cap who is talking on his Motorola cellphone about the Martin Scorsese film he saw la
4、st night. Its a standard American sceneonly this isnt America, its Britain. U.S. culture is so pervasive that the scene could be played out in any one of dozens of cities. As a global superpower, America exports its culture on an unprecedented scale. From music to media, film to fast food, language
5、to literature and sport, the American idea is spreading inexorably (不可阻挡地), not unlike the influence of empires that preceded it. The difference is that todays technology flings culture to every corner of the globe with blinding speed. If it took two millenniums for Platos “Republic“ to reach North
6、America, the latest hit from Justin Timberlake can be found in Greek (and Japanese) stores within days. Sometimes, U.S. ideals get transmittedsuch as individual rights, freedom of speech, and respect for womenand local cultures are enriched. At other times, materialism or worse becomes the message a
7、nd local traditions get crushed. “The U.S. has become the most powerful, significant world force in terms of cultural imperialism and expansion,“ says Ian Ralston, American studies director at Liverpool John Moores University. “The areas that particularly spring to mind are Hollywood, popular music,
8、 and even literature.“ But what some call “McDomination“ has created a backlash (强烈反应) in certain cultures. And its not clear whether fast food, Disney, or rocknroll will change the world the way Homer or Shakespeare has. Hollywood rules the global movie market, with up to 90 percent of audiences in
9、 some European countries. Even in Africa, two of three films shown are American. Few countries have yet to be touched by McDonalds and Coca-Cola. Starbucks recently opened up a new front in South America, and everyones got a Hard Rock Caf T-shirt from somewhere exotic. West Indian sports enthusiasts
10、 increasingly watch basketball, not cricket. Baseball has long since taken root in Asia and Cuba. And Chinese young people are becoming more captivated by American football and basketball, some even printing the names of NBA stars on their school sweatsuits. American English is the language of choic
11、e for would-be pop stars in Europe, software programmers in India, and Internet surfers everywhere. Americas preeminence is hardly surprising. Superpowers have throughout the ages sought to perpetuate their way of life: from the philosophy and mythology of the ancient Greeks to the law and language
12、of the Romans; from the art and architecture of the Tang Dynasty and Renaissance Italy to the sports and systems of government of the British. “Most empires think their own point of view is the only correct point of view,“ says Robert Young, an expert in postcolonial cultural theory at Oxford Univer
13、sity. “Its the certainty they get because of the power they have, and they expect to impose it on everyone else.“ Threats of American Cultural Domination Detractors of cultural imperialism argue, however, that cultural domination poses a totalitarian threat to diversity. In the American case, “McDom
14、ination“ poses several dangers. First, local industries are truly at risk of extinction because of U.S. oligopolies (寡头卖主垄断), such as Hollywood. For instance in 2000, the European Union handed out one billion euros to subsidise (资助) Europes film industry. Even the relatively successful British movie
15、 industry has no control over distribution, which is almost entirely in the hands of the Hollywood majors. Second, political cultures are being transformed by the personality-driven American model in countries as far-reaching as Japan and the Philippines. Finally, U.S. domination of technologies suc
16、h as the Internet and satellite TV means that, increasingly, America monopolizes the view people get of the world. According to a recent report for the U.N. Conference on Trade and Development, 13 of the top 14 Internet firms are American. No. 14 is British. “You have to know English if you want to
17、use the Internet,“ says Andre Kaspi, a professor at the Sorbonne in Paris. A main problem is that culture is no longer a protected species, but subject to the inexorable drive for free trade, says Joost Smiers, a political science professor at the Utrecht School of the Arts. This means that it is in
18、creasingly difficult for countries to protect their own industries. France tries to do so with subsidies, while South Korea has tried quotas. Such “protectionist“ tactics meet with considerable U.S. muscle, Dr. Smiers says. “Americas aggressive cultural policy. hinders national states from regulatin
19、g their own cultural markets,“ he says. “We should take culture out of the WTO.“ Resistance to American Cultural Influence A backlash is being felt in certain places. In Japan, locals have taken U.S. ideas like hip-hop and fast food, and given them a Japanese twist, says Dominic Al-Badri, editor of
20、Kansai Time Out. In Germany, there is still strong resistance to aspects of U.S. pop culture, though there is an appetite for its intellectual culture, says Gary Smith, director of the American Academy in Berlin. In France, resistance is growing partly because of frustrations over the Iraq warbut pa
21、rtly because Americanization is already so advanced in the country, says Mr. Kaspi. France has repeatedly tried to mandate the use of French language in official capacities to check the advance of English. “But most of the time, the law is impossible to apply, because if you want to be understood ar
22、ound the world you have to speak English,“ Kaspi says. In the Philippines, even the best U.S. ideals have caused complications. “The pervasive American influence has saddled us with two legacies,“ notes respected local commentator Antonio C. Abaya. “American-style elections, which require the commit
23、ment of massive financial resources, which have to be recouped (偿还) and rolled over many times, which is the main source of corruption in government; and American-style free press in which media feel free to attack and criticize everything that the government does or says, which adds to disunity and
24、 loss of confidence in government.“ Meanwhile, for all the strength of the U.S. movie industry, sometimes a foreign film resonates more with a local audience than a Hollywood productionand outperforms it. For instance, Japans “Spirited Away“ (2001) remains the top-grossing film in that country, surp
25、assing global Hollywood hits like Titanic“. In addition, British TV has influenced and served up competition to U.S. shows, spawning such hits as “Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?“, “The Weakest Link“, and “American Idol“. 4,000 Years from Now So how much good does American culture bring to the world?
26、 And how long will it last? Ian Ralston cautions against sweeping dismissals of U.S. pop culture. British television may be saturated (充满) with American sitcoms and movies, but while some are poor, others are quite good, he says. “British culture has always been enriched by foreign influences. In so
27、me ways American culture and media have added to that enrichment.“ Others note that it is not all one-way traffic. America may feast largely on a diet of homegrown culture, but it imports modestly as well: soccer, international cuisine, Italian fashion, and, increasingly, British television. As to t
28、he question of durability, some experts believe U.S. domination of communication channels makes it inevitable that its messages will become far more entrenched than those of previous empires. “The main difference now in favor of American culture is the importance of technologytelephone, Internet, fi
29、lms, all that did not exist in ancient Greece,“ Kaspi says. “American influence is growing. Its so easy to get access to U.S. culture; there are no barriers.“ “Disney is known worldwide now,“ he adds. “Plato is more and more unknown, even in Greece.“ But not everyone thinks American culture will sta
30、nd the test of time. “It remains to be seen whether the Monkees and Bee Gees are as durable as Plato,“ says Professor Young, with a dab of irony. “Lets have another look in 4,000 years time.“ （分数：71.00）(1).As a superpower, America spreads its culture to nearly every corner of the world.（分数：7.10）A.YB
31、.NC.NG(2).Fast food, Disney, and pop music will change the world in the same way as Plato and Shakespeare have.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).When the American model goes into other countries, people always welcome the changes.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).American culture and media, in some ways, have helped to e
32、nrich German culture.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Detractors of cultural imperialism think that cultural domination endangers 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(6).A main problem with culture is that it is subject to free trade and is no longer a 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(7).The growing resistance to American culture in France
33、results from the frustrations over Iraq war and 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(8).America also borrows culture from other countries therefore its influence is not a 1 traffic.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(9).The key that U.S. holds to spread its culture across the world is its domination of 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_(10).Not all pe
34、ople think American culture will be durable enough to meet 1.（分数：7.10）填空项 1:_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.All the passengers were killed.B.The plane crashed in the night.C.No more survivors have been found.D.Its too late to search for survivors.A.Its results were just as expected.B.It was
35、nt very well designed.C.It fully reflected the students ability.D.Its results fell short of her expectations.A.He believes dancing is enjoyable.B.He definitely does not like dancing.C.He admires those who dance.D.He wont dance until he has done his work.A.His computer doesnt work well.B.He isnt gett
36、ing along with his staff.C.He didnt register for a proper course.D.He cant apply the theory to his program.A.Reading on the campus lawn.B.Depositing money in the bank.C.Applying for financial aid.D.Reviewing a students application.A.A new shuttle bus.B.A scheduled space flight.C.An airplane flight.D
37、.The first space flight.A.The deadline is drawing near.B.She cant meet the deadline.C.She turned in the proposals today.D.They are two days ahead of time.A.By going on a diet.B.By having fewer meals.C.By doing physical exercise.D.By eating fruit and vegetables.A.He enjoyed it as a whole.B.He didnt t
38、hink much of it.C.He didnt like it at all.D.He liked some parts of it.A.It looks quite new.B.It needs to be repaired.C.It looks old, but it runs well.D.Its engine needs to be painted.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Membership in a co-op.B.The benefits of health food.C.Shopping in the supermarket.D.The
39、current cost of food.A.Lowering its prices.B.Selling more household necessities.C.Changing its membership rules.D.Opening up more checkout lines.A.Avoid junk food.B.Attend monthly meetings.C.Buy cleaning supplies at the co-op.D.Work at the co-op for an hour every week.A.To save money on food.B.To bu
40、y food without additives.C.To do all his shopping in one place.D.To meet other health-conscious people.A.Hospital employees.B.City Hall officials.C.Packer Hall residents.D.The engineering students.A.It begins on campus.B.Its five miles long.C.It circles the campus.D.It takes a few days to cover.A.By
41、 collections made at City Hall.B.By donations from the participants.C.By the allocation of funds from local hospitals.D.By contributions based on the miles participants covered.A.Eleven dollars for the event.B.Five dollars for the event.C.One dollar per mile.D.Twenty-five cents or less per mile.五、Se
42、ction B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)A.For scientific study.B.For field guides.C.For entertainment.D.For some film background sounds.A.Its difficult to find birds for recording.B.Its difficult to find quiet areas for recording.C.Its difficult to find animals for recording.D.Its difficult to find mammals for recor
43、ding.A.Attracting mates.B.Staking their territories.C.Hearing each other.D.Sleeping.A.He could do without any food before getting home.B.He would stay in Sweden for a long time.C.He would find no food served on board.D.He couldnt get home without having meals on board.A.Because he didnt feel very we
44、ll.B.Because he overslept and missed the lunch.C.Because he didnt hear the lunch bell.D.Because he thought he couldnt afford it.A.At lunchtime.B.Later than breakfast time.C.As soon as he heard the breakfast bell.D.In time to have his breakfast.A.He had already paid for the meals when he bought his t
45、icket.B.He had to pay for every meal he had on board.C.The meals were served free of charge.D.He could not have the bill.A.The mans professor.B.The mans roommate.C.A neighbor.D.The mans brother.A.He is too sloppy.B.He borrows Colins things.C.He brings guests over to the apartment.D.He doesnt use the
46、 kitchen enough.A.Try to talk to Colin.B.Go home for a week.C.Wait till the end of this week.D.Have a room change immediately.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)With the recent rapid advances in information (36) 1, educational researchers at every level and in every (37) 2have developed new methods, tools,
47、and (38) 3for instruction. As the Internet, email and multimedia have already become parts of most college students lives nowadays; (39) 4these new information to engineering and science instruction is a great (40) 5for teachers and researchers. Although the effectiveness and (41) 6of new informatio
48、n on education are not yet well (42) 7 and documented the promises and (43) 8they hold for improving education are exciting. For example, individual students (44) 9. Students at home and in work places can have access to learning material at any time. (45) 10. Students can work on learning materials at their own pace and discuss them with other people when they have questions. In other words, they can learn individually but not alone (46) 11. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
