1、大学英语六级 145及答案解析(总分：448.03，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Technology, a Blessing or a Curse? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1科学技术使人们的生活变得更加便利 2科学技术造成的负面影响 3我们应该怎样面对这种矛盾
2、（分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Workplace Negativity Nothing affects employee morale more adversely than persistent workplace negativity. It saps (消耗) the energy of your organization and diverts critical attention from work and performance. Negativity occurs in the attitude, outlook, a
3、nd talk of one department member, or in a crescendo (高潮) of voices responding to a workplace decision or event. Learn About Workplace Negativity As a manager or human resources professional, you are closely in touch with employees throughout the company. This allows you to keep your fingers on the p
4、ulse of the organization to sense workplace negativity. It enables you to establish and heed early warning signals that all is not well. You receive employee complaints, do exit interviews with employees who leave, and know the reputation of your organization in your community. You watch the discuss
5、ions on employee Intranets, manage the appraisal and 360-degree feedback process, and coach managers in appropriate staff treatment. This information will help you learn to identify the symptoms of negativity before its morale-busting consequences damage your workplace. It will also assist you in pr
6、eventing and curing workplace negativity. Diagnose Workplace Negativity Negativity is an increasing problem in the workplace, according to Gary S. Topchik, the author of Managing Workplace Negativity. He states, in a Management Review article, that negativity is often the result of a loss of confide
7、nce, control, or community. Knowing what people are negative about is the first step in solving the problem. In my experience, when rumblings (抱怨) and negativity are beginning in your organization, talking with employees will help you understand the exact problems and the degree to which the problem
8、s are impacting your workplace. You will want to identify the exact employee groups who are experiencing the negativity, and the nature of the issues that sparked their unhappiness. Perhaps the organization made a decision that adversely affected staff. Perhaps the executive manager held a staff mee
9、ting and was perceived to threaten or ignore people asking legitimate questions. Maybe staff members feel insecure because concern exists over losing a product line. Perhaps underground rumors are circulating about an impending layoff. People may feel that they give the organization more than they r
10、eceive in return. They may feel that a coworker is mistreated or denied a deserved promotion. When You Are Not in Control of the Negativity Negativity often occurs when people are impacted by decisions and issues that are out of their control. Examples of these include: corporation downsizing; under
11、staffing that requires people to work mandatory overtime; budget reductions; and upper-management decisions that adversely impact members of your staff. Under these circumstances, as a human resources professional, try some of the following ideas. -Identify any aspects of the situation that you can
12、impact, including providing feedback in your organization about the negative impact that is occurring. (Sometimes decisions are made and no one understands or predicts their outcome. Sometimes you can influence an issue or a decision if you practice personal, professional courage and speak your mind
13、.) -Listen, listen, listen. Often people just need a sounding board. Be visible and available to staff. Proactively (积极地) schedule group discussion sessions, town meetings, “lunches with the manager“ or one-on-one blocks of time. -Challenge pessimistic thinking and negative beliefs about people, the
14、 company, and the work area. Dont let negative, false statements go unchallenged. If the statements are true, provide the rationale, the corporate thinking, and the events that are responsible for the negative circumstances. Share everything you know about a situation to build trust with the workfor
15、ce. -Ask open-ended questions to determine the cause, and the scope of the negative feelings or reaction. Maybe its not as bad as people think; maybe their interpretation of events is faulty. Helping people identify exactly what they feel negatively about is the first step in solving the problem. Yo
16、u cant solve a fog of unhappiness. Help people create options, feel included, and feel part of the communication and problem-solving. (Do all of the items mentioned in the section “Minimize Workplace Negativity“.) Recognize Your Potential Part in the Negativity Cycle -Recognize that you are human an
17、d occasionally experience situations in which you must uphold decisions you dont entirely support. You dont want to contribute to the negativity by your words, actions, non-verbal behavior, or voice. Yet, you want to act authentically so you are trustworthy and credible. -Know yourself well enough t
18、o recognize internally when you are becoming negative. -Become aware of work situations in which you typically find yourself becoming defensive or negative. Because you are aware of them, try to recognize when you are reacting and avoid your typical negative reaction. (Some people figure out exactly
19、 how to get you going and push your “hot buttons“ deliberately, so to speak.) -Take a time-out or walk away by yourself when you have dealt with a stressful situation. -Spend some time alone thinking every day about the positive aspects of your work and life. You dont want to spend all of your time
20、on negative thinking. If there is nothing positive to think about, examine the life you are choosing to create. -Treat yourself with care. Dont beat yourself up or second-guess yourself over decisions or mistakes. You are human. You learn; you grow. Focus on the big picture; dont get bogged down (陷入
21、) in the day-to-day. Recognize that the only thing you are truly in charge of is how you choose to react in any situation. I trust that these ideas will help you in addressing the negativity in your workplace. As always, your thoughts and additional ideas are always welcome. Please share them in the
22、 HR Forum so a broader group of people can benefit from your thinking. Minimize Workplace Negativity The best way to combat workplace negativity is to keep it from occurring in the first place. These tips will help you minimize workplace negativity. -Provide opportunities for people to make decision
23、s about and control and/or influence their own job. The single most frequent cause of workplace negativity I encounter is traceable to a manager or the organization making a decision about a persons work without her input. Almost any decision that excludes the input of the person doing the work is p
24、erceived as negative. -Make opportunities available for people to express their opinion about workplace policies and procedures. Recognize the impact of changes in such areas as work hours, pay, benefits, and assignment of overtime hours, comp pay, dress codes, office location, job requirements, and
25、 working conditions. These factors are closest to the mind, heart and physical presence of each individual. Changes to these can cause serious negative responses. Provide timely, proactive responses to questions and concerns. -Treat people as adults with fairness and consistency. Develop and publici
26、ze workplace policies and procedures that organize work effectively. Apply them consistently. As an example, each employee has the opportunity to apply for leave time. In granting his request, apply the same factors to his application as you would to any other individuals. -Afford people the opportu
27、nity to grow and develop. Training, perceived opportunities for promotions, lateral moves for development, and cross-training are visible signs of an organizations commitment to staff. -Do not create “rules“ for all employees, when just a few people are violating the norms. You want to minimize the
28、number of rules directing the behavior of adult people at work. Treat people as adults; they will usually live up to your expectations, and their own expectations. -Help people feel like members of the in-crowd; each person wants to have the same information as quickly as everyone else. Provide the
29、context for decisions, and communicate effectively and constantly. If several avenues or directions are under consideration, communicate all that you know, as soon as you know it. Reserve the right to change your mind later, without consequence, when additional factors affect the direction of ultima
30、te decisions. -Provide appropriate leadership and a strategic framework, including mission, vision, values, and goals. People want to feel as if they are part of something bigger than themselves. If they understand the direction, and their part in making the desired outcomes happen, they can effecti
31、vely contribute more. （分数：71.00）(1).Only by watching the discussions on employee Intranets can managers find warning signs of negativity.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).It is helpful for managers to talk with their employees to learn the workplace negativity problems.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Upper-management o
32、ften leads to the workplace negativity that is difficult to control.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Managers should spend some time with their employees over supper talking about positive things.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Employee morale is mostly adversely affected by_.（分数：7.10）_(6).People will experience negat
33、ivity in the workplaces when they lose_.（分数：7.10）_(7).The most efficient way to combat workplace negativity is to_ in the first place.（分数：7.10）_(8).Workplace negativity often arises when a manager makes a decision about a persons work without_.（分数：7.10）_(9).It is suggested to provide opportunities f
34、or employees to express their ideas about_.（分数：7.10）_(10).It is advisable to provide employees with appropriate leadership and_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Pay Marsha for the bookshelf.B.Ask Marsha where the bookshelf is.C.Check for the book on Marshas shelf.D.Ask Marsha if she
35、 has an extra bookshelf.A.The car repair.B.A car order.C.An insurance claim.D.A bank loan.A.The man will easily find a good job in biochemistry.B.The man should choose another field with more opportunities.C.The man should try to get a job before he graduates.D.The man needs to study harder to be a
36、biochemist.A.The woman always talks to other men.B.The woman wouldnt find the restaurant.C.The woman started a conversation with a stranger.D.The woman finished talking to the men.A.The man will arrive at the hotel only fourteen minutes late.B.The man has a quarter to get to the hotel.C.The man will
37、 certainly miss his business.D.The woman does not think she will be able to drive quickly.A.The latest nurse is the best one.B.The latest nurse was ill for two times last month.C.The latest nurse is the worst one.D.In the past five months, the man has introduced the woman quite a few nurses.A.Tianan
38、men Square.B.Leopard Hill.C.The Temple of Heaven.D.The Imperial Palace.A.They had better finish the project as soon as possible.B.They had better try their luck to finish the project.C.They are so lucky to have the project being put off.D.They had better have a risk to extend the project.四、Section A
39、(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Its only open to poetry majors.B.It requires another course first.C.Its already full.D.Its only offered in the morning.A.The class meets during his working hours.B.The class is too far away.C.He has another class at the same time.D.Hes already familiar with the material.A.Its cours
40、es cost less.B.It has a pool.C.The class size is smaller.D.It may offer the course he needs during the day.A.Shed like to take her book back.B.Shed like to borrow a book.C.Shed like to know whether she could order a book that has come in.D.Shed like to know whether a book that shed ordered has come
41、in.A.A psychology book.B.A physical book.C.An architecture book.D.Not mentioned yet.A.A library.B.A publishing house.C.A museum.D.A bookstore.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.Supply their own light.B.Locate food and enemies.C.Compensate for the lack of light.D.Both B and C.A.Identifying and collecting f
42、ood.B.Protecting themselves.C.Eating food.D.Fighting against the enemies.A.When hunting for food.B.When sleeping.C.When being attacked.D.When communicating with their cousins.A.Long distance race.B.100-metre race.C.Fun games.D.Watching TV.A.As young as possible.B.2C.3D.5A.Having kids wash the dishes
43、.B.Asking kids to go to bed early.C.Substituting physical activity for something kids hate.D.Encouraging kids to play with their friends.A.Wearing down the soil.B.Building up land.C.Enriching the soil.D.Loosening more earth.A.It is being raised each year.B.It remains constant.C.It will reach sea lev
44、el in 9,000 years.D.It is being lowered gradually.A.It will rise an average of 1 foot.B.It will be worn down an average of 1 foot.C.It will be worn down to sea level.D.It will lose 730 million tons of solid matter.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, t
45、he other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an (36) 1result or product that can easily be (37) 2 and measured. The worker who gets a (38) 3, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language all these are examples of people who have (39) 4results to
46、 show for their efforts. By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to (40) 5, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or (41) 6along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the (42) 7and feelings people have, their caution or courag
47、e, as they (43) 8new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept. In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail“ at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is es
