1、大学英语六级 140 及答案解析(总分：448.03，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to apply for a position. You should write at least 150 words following the instructions given below: 假如你叫方小宇，你在北京青年报看到以下招聘广告，请就此写一封求职信： X 公司诚聘文秘一员，要求如下： 本科以上学历；有良好的
2、沟通和协调能力；精通英语和计算机者优先。 应聘者请将简历寄至：北京市中关村北路108 号紫光大厦人力资源部，邮编 10008l （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Coping with Climate Change What we have learned so far about how climate changes is affecting our global environment. Studies show that it adversely affects human and natural systems by redu
3、cing biodiversity, impairing biological and chemical cycles and making it more difficult to restore degraded ecosystems. Climate is not the only factor in the deterioration of natural systems. We are making big changes to the landscape, altering land use and land cover in major ways. These changes c
4、ombined present a challenge to environmental management. Adaptive management is a scientific approach to managing the adverse impacts of climate and landscape change. Nature and Impacts of Climate Change Every week it seems there is an article about global warming in the news media. It may be diffic
5、ult for some to grasp the big picture of the issue, but in general, climate change has already or is expected to -increase temperatures, particularly in the interior of continents, toward the poles and in winter -boost precipitation (降水量) in wetter areas and suppress precipitation in drier areas -in
6、crease rain and decrease snow -lessen peak spring runoff and cause more even year-round flows of water, thereby reducing water availability during summer irrigation and navigation seasons -increase evaporation of water during the summer -enhance the likelihood of lower mean lake levels, drier wetlan
7、ds, and water shortages, particularly in mountain regions -raise the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and floods -raise global sea levels, causing some populated coastal areas to become inundated (被淹没的) -reduce the extent and duration of Arctic sea ic
8、e with adverse consequences for marine mammals -increase the loss of glaciers in middle and equatorial latitudes, including premier mountain ecosystems such as Glacier National Park in Montana Global average temperature has increased by about 0.6 over the past 100 years, with a major warming upswing
9、 in the 1970s. Warming is the result, in part, of rapid increases in emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a byproduct of the combustion of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, used for power generation and transportation. When global temperatu
10、res rise and precipitation patterns change, it is expected there will be consequences on ecosystems, such as an increase in the spread of exotic species; redistribution of plants, animals, energy, water, and nutrients; alteration of natural processes and the structure and function of ecosystems. Nor
11、therly latitudes are particularly vulnerable to climate change. The Arctic Council, an intergovernmental forum for Arctic nations and indigenous people, reported that the northern ice cap is warming at twice the global rate and the Arctic region is expected to warm at two to three times the rate for
12、 the rest of the world. Arctic warming will have serious consequences on human and ecology. Nature and Impacts of Landscape Change Landscape change results from natural disturbances and human activities. Natural disturbances include fire, windstorms, avalanches, landslides, tree fall, floods, and in
13、sect epidemics. Human activities causing landscape change include conversion of forestland to agriculture, drainage of wetlands, and forest fragmentation from road construction and timber harvesting. Human activities often have a more significant effect on landscapes than natural disturbances becaus
14、e they alter the availability of energy, water, and nutrients to ecosystems; increase the spread of exotic species; accelerate natural processes of ecosystem change; and adversely affect the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Human-induced landscape change has accelerated during the past sever
15、al decades because of rapid population and economic growth, particularly in countries such as China, India, and Brazil. Landscape change has contributed to a dramatic 1,000-fold increase in species extinction over the past 400 years. On a global basis, nearly 1.2 million km2 of forest and woodland a
16、nd 5.6 million km2 of grassland and pastureland have been converted to other uses. During the last three centuries, 12 million km2 of cropland were lost. Between 1982 and 1997, 121,000 km2 of non-federal land were urbanized in the United States. More than 90 percent of the land in the lower 48 state
17、s has been logged, plowed, mined, grazed, paved, or otherwise modified from previous conditions. Human-induced landscape change significantly affects wildlife. For example, between 1970 and 2000, rural residential development in the Montana and Wyoming portions of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem i
18、ncreased 400 percent. Consequently, current and potential grizzly bear habitat on private lands in the ecosystem has been degraded and fragmented. Double-digit growth in residential subdivisions adjacent to the National Elk Refuge in Jackson, Wyoming, has diminished winter range for the 10,000 elk t
19、hat use the refuge and displaced corridors that elk use to reach summer range in Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. Another example of significant impacts from landscape change is the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem. This ecosystem covers the Rocky Mountains in British Columbia and Alberta
20、, Canada, and western Montana, United States. Here are some specifics: -Most old-growth forests that once existed outside of protected parks and wilderness areas have been harvested. -Many rivers in the region have been altered by hydroelectric power development. -Significant farm, ranch, and forest
21、 acreage has been converted to homes and commercial developments. -Lakes and streams have been polluted by agricultural and urban runoff. -Fish and wildlife habitats have been degraded. -Active and proposed energy developments threaten protected areas. -Large areas have been invaded by nonnative spe
22、cies. The desire to preserve the outstanding wildlife (especially large carnivores) and environmental amenities (舒适|) from the negative effects of rapid economic growth and development in the northern Rocky Mountain region prompted creation of the Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative. The in
23、itiative involves 300 conservation organizations and covers an area larger than the states of California and Texas combined, including the Greater Yellowstone and Crown of the Continent Ecosystems. Coping with Climate and Landscape Change Although climate and landscape change has positive effects on
24、 human and natural systems, it is expected to have many adverse impacts that deserve attention. Ecosystems have an inherent capacity to resist climate and landscape change, known as ecological resilience (复原能) When this capacity is exceeded, the ecosystem can change in ways that may not be socially
25、and ecologically acceptable. So what can be done? Mitigation strategies can reduce ecosystem vulnerability. Mitigation strategies are actions to prevent, reduce, or slow climate and/or landscape change. The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which took effec
26、t in February 2005, is a prime example of a climate change mitigation strategy. The protocol commits 36 industrialized countries to curb GHG emissions, especially CO2. Limiting increases in global temperature by 2 would require keeping atmospheric concentrations of CO2 below 400 parts per million (p
27、pm). Current concentrations are about 375 ppm. Benefits of the Kyoto Protocol may be limited because it does not include some developed countries, which emit substantial GHGs, and developing countries where rapid population and economic growth is expected to dramatically increase GHG emissions. Othe
28、r mitigation strategies include increasing the use of alternative energy sources and technologies (clean coal, renewable energy, ethanol, hybrid vehicles, and nuclear power). Although the United States did not sign the Kyoto Protocol, 28 states have programs to curb CO2 emissions, and at least 166 U
29、.S. cities have agreed to apply the Kyoto emission reduction standards to their communities. Other initiatives, like the Apollo Alliance, bring together labor unions, environmental and business groups, and activist organizations with the mission of sharply reducing U.S. dependence on fossil fuels. T
30、he alliance is seeking ways to do the following: -power the economy with hydrogen produced from renewable energy resources -implement green construction codes -revitalize urban centers to reduce urban sprawl -determine how industry can store rather than emit carbon into the atmosphere The Apollo All
31、iance expects to invest $300 billion in new energy technologies and energy conservation over 10 years as a way to eliminate U.S. dependence on foreign oil and create millions of good-paying jobs. These funds would be raised using tax incentives, public bonds, capital strategies, and other mechanisms
32、. （分数：71.00）(1).The article tells us that climate and landscape change adversely affects our global environment.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Global warming only results from rapid increases in emissions of greenhouse gases.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The Arctic is warming faster than the rest of the world.（分数：
33、7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Global warming leads to many new diseases.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Compared with human activities,_ have a less important impact on landscapes.（分数：7.10）_(6).Wildlife is significantly affected by_.（分数：7.10）_(7).Most old-growth forests that are outside of protected parks and_ have bee
34、n harvested.（分数：7.10）_(8).When ecological resilience is exceeded, the ecosystem becomes_ unacceptable.（分数：7.10）_(9).There are mitigative ways to help reduce_.（分数：7.10）_(10).The Kyoto Protocol requires_ to curb GHG emissions, especially CO2.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Furnished
35、apartments will cost more.B.The apartment can be furnished easily.C.The apartment is just what the man is looking for.D.She can provide the man with the apartment he needs.A.The patient must receive treatment regularly.B.The patient cant leave the hospital until the bleeding stops.C.The patients hus
36、band can attend to the business in her place.D.The patient must take a good rest and forget about her business.A.The woman should work harder to improve her grades.B.The woman will benefit from the effort shes put in.C.It serves the woman right to get a poor grade.D.It was unfair of the teacher to g
37、ive the woman a C.A.In a bar.B.In a restaurant.C.In a hotel.D.In a grocers.A.The woman deserved the award.B.The man helped the woman succeed.C.The woman is thankful to the man for his assistance.D.The man worked hard and was given an award.A.He didnt want to warm up for the game.B.He didnt want to b
38、e held up in traffic.C.He wanted to make sure they got tickets.D.He wanted to catch as many game birds as possible.A.The woman has a very tight budget.B.He does not think the fur coat is worth buying.C.Hes willing to lend the woman money for the fur coat.D.The woman is not careful enough in planning
39、 her spending.A.Take a break.B.Go to work.C.Do the other problems.D.Keep trying.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.A dance.B.A dinner.C.A party.D.A wedding ceremony.A.Has never been to his friends house.B.Has been to his friends house before.C.Used to go to his friends house a lot.D.Often goes to his frie
40、nds house.A.Third Floor, one, Harrington.B.Second Floor, two, Harrington.C.Second Floor, one, Harrington.D.Second Floor, one, Harrington.A.The TV program.B.The appearance of Elizabeth.C.The mans headache.D.The mid-term examination.A.He has nothing to do at that time.B.He just wants to have a break.C
41、.He doesnt have math stuff.D.He gets a hundred on the last test.A.To study together.B.To go to Elizabeths room.C.To call Elizabeth.D.To watch TV together.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.Sewage and industrial waste.B.Oil pollution on the beach.C.Oil discharged at sea when people cleaning oil tanks.D.The
42、 oil that leaks out after ship collisions.A.200, 000 tons.B.2 million tons.C.20 million tons.D.2,000 tons.A.How to find the way to exam polluted sea fish.B.Sea fish will be polluted when you eat it next time.C.More and more sea fish will be polluted soon.D.Sea fish will be free from oil pollution.A.
43、He said it was true.B.He said it was an accusation against him.C.He said it was hard to believe.D.He said it was impossible at his age.A.A pleasant sound.B.The name of a river.C.A depth of two feet.D.A depth of twelve feet.A.A river pilot on the Mississippi.B.A printers apprentice.C.A taxi driver.D.
44、A newspaper reporter.A.Childhood in his native home, Texas.B.Working as congressional secretary in Washington.C.Vacationing at his ranch in Texas.D.Presidency in the White House.A.He fed the dog happily.B.He picked up the dog by the tips of its ears.C.He sat in a chair with the dog dangling beside h
45、im.D.He made people laugh by kissing the dogs ears.A.He took the place of a president who resigned his position.B.He had worked for 38 years in Washington DC till 1930.C.He never lost the speech or manners of his hometown.D.He kept two dogs in his ranch in Johnson City, Texas.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10
46、.00)Freelance photography can be a highly (36) 1career and can potentially take you around the world. The scope for work is large, as well as the traditional sources of (37) 2and newspapers. The increase in Internet usage has opened up another (38) 3for you to sell your work or gain ongoing (39) 4.
47、The digital age has (40) 5the use of traditional camera with the ongoing development of digital cameras, and therefore reduced the use of the old dark room (41) 6that were time (42) 7and potentially damaging to health due to the toxic chemicals used to process pictures from film. At the time of writing (2004) the use of color photography is not yet 100 years old, the first (43) 8color films being produced by the Lumiere
