1、大学英语六级 131 及答案解析(总分：448.01，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a LetterYou should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese； 假设你是你们学校的学生会主席，请代表学生会起草一份倡议书，号召全校同学行动起来，为环保运动做出自己的努力。同时下周六学校将组织同学在全市进行环保宣传活动，征召志愿
2、者到校学生会报名。 （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)The Real Death Of Print Vishwas Chavan travels a lot. As an informatician, he collects data on what types of animal live where in India to enter into a biodiversity database. Yet the specimens he hunts for have neither fur nor feathers, but yel
3、lowing pages and ageing dust-jackets. Much of the information Chavan seeks is in old, out of-print tomes that are scattered around the world; about 2,500 of the 7,000 books he has unearthed were written in the first half of the nineteenth century. To find them, Chavan has spent years trailing around
4、 libraries. He dreams of the day when books such as these are scanned and made available as digital files on the Internet. Chavan and other digitization visionaries paint a future in which books no longer gather dust on shelves, but exist as interconnected nodes in a vast web of stored literature, a
5、ll accessible at the click of a mouse. So instead of hunting for specific books, scholars could search for specific information, customizing searches to suit their needs. A few years ago, Chavans dream seemed little more than a castle in the air. True, a number of mostly volunteer-driven or publicly
6、 funded projects had been scanning books and making them freely available on the Internet. But most efforts were limited. In December 2004, the Internet searchengine company Google announced plans to change that. It said it would scan millions of books from five major libraries: the university libra
7、ries of Oxford, Harvard, Stanford and Michigan, and the New York Public Library. The announcement energized other organizations in the United States and in Europe, which soon declared similar plans to scan and catalogue millions of books. The move to digitize books is set to transform the worlds of
8、publishers, librarians, authors, readers and researchers. Obscure specialist titles could find new readerships; librarians and information specialists will have to develop tools to catalogue and navigate this labyrinth (迷宫) of data; and authors and publishers may soon have to start thinking in digit
9、al dimensions, just as website designers and writers already do. Bloody revolution But revolutions are rarely bloodless and this one could soon get ugly. In the United States authors and publishers are squaring up against Google for a legal fight over copyright. Opinion is divided over whether the s
10、canning projects being implemented by companies such as Google and Amazon will hand control of the worlds literature to private enterprise and, if so, what this could mean. And with several independent scanning projects under way, it is still not clear how much of the information will be freely avai
11、lable, or where and how it can all be coordinated and accessed. The idea to digitize books and make them available online has been around since the beginning of Internet in the early 1970s. When the US Declaration of Independence was typed in and sent to everyone on a computer network on the night o
12、f 4 July 1971, it marked the birth of Project Gutenberg, the first book-digitization venture. Since then, the projects 20,000 volunteers have scanned or typed in about 50,000 out-of copyright books, says its founder Michael Hart, who works in the basement of his home in Urbana, Illinois, and, like t
13、he projects volunteers, for free. Projects such as this are driven by the idealistic desire to make knowledge and literature freely accessible to all, but also by the benefits of having book collections easily searchable. “Being able to find it online is pretty much the same as having it online,“ sa
14、ys David Weinberger of the Berkman Center for Internet and Society. Assets such as searchability have prompted the National Science Foundation (NSF) in Arlington, Virginia, to get involved in an open-access enterprise called the Million Book Project. This is an international scanning effort with man
15、y participants, including Carnegie Mellon University. Since the project began in 2002, about 600,000 out-of-copyright books have been scanned, although only about half of them are currently available online. The scanning takes place in India and China, with books being shipped there temporarily from
16、 libraries around the world. Made to fit Searchability is also the main driving force behind commercial plans to scan books, including texts whose copyright has yet to expire. For example, if their products have been digitized, online booksellers can allow customers to search within books and browse
17、 a few pages before deciding to buy. In the United States, with the publishers permission, Amazon puts searchable digital data from mostly copyrighted books online. Amazon says that several hundred thousand books are currently available for searching. Amazon also offers the option of purchasing e-bo
18、oks and e-documents on its website, which can be viewed after downloading them to a portable reading device. The company expects these services to drive additional sales. Its search inside the book feature increases sales by 8%, the company says. Scientific publishers, such as the US National Academ
19、ies Press also see increased print sales when they allow their books to be viewed online. But Google doesnt mention money in its announcement that it plans to make the contents of millions of copyrighted books searchable as part of its Google Book Search project. Its spokesman, Nate Tyler, says Goog
20、les motivation is to include literature that is currently only available offline in its mission to make information universally accessible. But the possibility that the company could gain financially from the move has raised hackles among US authors and publishing organizations. In the autumn of thi
21、s year, the Authors Guild and the Association of American Publishers filed a lawsuit against Google for copyright infringement. They complained that Google hadnt asked them for permission to scan copyrighted books. Google has obtained the go-ahead from publishers to include some copyrighted works as
22、 part of its Book Search project, but not all. It argues that it does not need to seek permission for every book, because what it plans to do is permissible according to the “fair use“ exception of US copyright law. This allows copying for uses such as teaching, scholarship or research. Google will,
23、 for example, not make the full text available, but only show “snippets“ of text around the search results if a book is still copyrighted. The company says that people are more likely to buy or borrow a book if they can search it this way, adding that the snippets are similar to the card catalogues
24、found in libraries. But Paul Aiken of the Authors Guild in New York City argues that the act of scanning the works is copyright infringement (侵害) no matter how the texts are used. The outcome of the lawsuit will depend on the courts decisions over how the concept of fair use applies in the age of di
25、gital books and the Internet. Meanwhile, the rest of the scanning world is watching from the sidelines, and being careful to scan only books that are out of copyright, or to obtain the publishers permission before scanning anything. Googles plan has shaken up the digital-book world in other ways too
26、. For one thing, many believe that its size and resources mean Google can pull of this feat so large-scale repositories of digital books seem a more realistic and immediate prospect than ever before. Google has also galvanized its competitors, both public and private to redouble their efforts, and h
27、as placed a question mark over the future of libraries and librarians. “I think Google is in a class by itself because of the quantity of money and the level of centralization,“ says Daniel Greenstein, librarian of the California Digital Library in Oakland, California. “Google has paved the way, cre
28、ated the appetite for this kind of activity, and anxiety on the part of libraries and publishers.“ Out with the old But Michael Gorman, president of the American Library Association, says he is not worried that libraries could become obsolete. As well as providing access to books, they serve as a pl
29、ace for people to meet and study, he says. And librarians expertise in information management will still be needed. “We are not worried about our own jobs,“ agrees Dennis Dillon, associate director of the research services division of the University of Texas libraries at Austin. “The job is changing
30、, which makes it even more fulfilling than it was before.“ But Gorman is worried that over-reliance on digital texts could change the way people read and not for the better. He calls it the “atomization of knowledge“. Google searches retrieve snippets and Gorman worries that people who confine their
31、 reading to these short paragraphs could miss out on the deeper understanding that can be conveyed by longer, narrative prose. Dillon agrees that people use e-books in the same way that they use web pages: dipping in and out of the content. （分数：71.00）(1).Chavan was an archeologist responsible for un
32、earthing ancient books.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).In 2004, Google Company announced plans to scan millions of books from five major libraries.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).The significance of digitization of books lies in the transformation of the worlds of publishers, librarians, authors, etc.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC
33、.NG(4).Google Company is facing possible legal accusation of copyright by authors and publishers.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Declaration of Independence was the first document to be digitalized on the night of_.（分数：7.10）_(6).The founder of Project Gutenberg works for the projects_.（分数：7.10）_(7).Million B
34、ook Projects scanning is carried out in_ and_.（分数：7.10）_(8).Amazon puts searchable digital data from mostly_.（分数：7.10）_(9).New books to be viewed online can_ print sales.（分数：7.10）_(10).Michael Gorman thinks that libraries_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.The man thinks traveling by
35、 air is quite safe.B.The woman never travels by plane.C.Both speakers feel nervous when flying.D.The speakers feel sad about the serious loss of life.A.At the information desk.B.In an office.C.In a restaurant.D.At a railway station.A.Write the letter.B.Paint the shelf.C.Fix the shelf.D.Look for the
36、pen.A.It gives a 30% .discount to all customers.B.It is run by Mrs. Winters husband.C.It hires Mrs. Winter as an adviser.D.It encourages husbands to shop on their own.A.Long exposure to the sun.B.Lack of sleep.C.Too tight a hat.D.Long working hours.A.His English is still poor after ten years in Amer
37、ica.B.He doesnt mind speaking English with an accent.C.He doesnt like the way Americans speak.D.He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.A.An auto mechanic.B.An electrician.C.A carpenter.D.A telephone repairman.A.They both enjoyed watching the game.B.The man thought the results were beyond t
38、heir expectations.C.They both felt good about the results of the game.D.Professor and student.A.Manager and employee.B.Salesman and customer.C.Guide and tourist.D.Professor and student.A.Tom has arranged a surprise party for Lucy.B.Tom will keep the surprise party a secret.C.Tom and Lucy have no sec
39、rets from each other.D.Tom didnt make any promise to Lucy.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Find his glasses.B.Sit up straight.C.Finish his project.D.Get enough rest.A.Experimental medicines.B.Special treatment centers.C.Flexible working schedule.D.Innovative physical exercises.A.Buy a new watch.B.Go to
40、bed earlier.C.See a doctor.D.Change his job.A.She is a good friend of Professor Gilmore.B.She used to work for Professor Gilmore.C.She heard of it form other students.D.She arranges the job for Larry.A.Just so so.B.Quite good.C.Fewer than other jobs.D.None of them know the salary.A.Grade all the hom
41、ework.B.Clean the professors office.C.Help the professor in the classroom.D.Sort all the documents.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.She was bored with her idle life at home.B.She was offered a good job by her neighbor.C.She wanted to help with the familys finances.D.Her family would like to see her more
42、 involved in social life.A.Doing housework.B.Looking after her neighbors children.C.Reading papers and watching TV.D.Taking good care of her husband.A.Jane got angry at Bills idle life.B.Bill failed to adapt to the new situation.C.Bill blamed Jane for neglecting the family.D.The children were not ta
43、ken good care of.A.Neighbors should help each other.B.Women should have their own careers.C.Man and wife should share household duties.D.Parents should take good care of their children.A.They help to cure anxiety.B.They help patients to gain insight into the cause of anxiety.C.They help to control a
44、nxiety.D.They help patients to work efficiently.A.They reduce a persons appetite.B.They make a person less persistent in face of trouble.C.They make a persons nervous system weak.D.They make a person more vulnerable to disease.A.Prejudiced.B.Enthusiastic.C.Indifferent.D.Objective.A.Because we might
45、be offered a dish of insects.B.Because nothing but freshly cooked insects are served.C.Because some yuppies like to horrify guests with insects as food.D.Because we might meet many successful executives in the media industry.A.From yuppie clubs.B.In the seafood market.C.In the supermarket.D.On the I
46、nternet.A.Its easy to prepare.B.Its tasty and healthful.C.Its exotic in appearance.D.Its safe to eat.A.It will be consumed by more and more young people.B.It will become the first course at dinner parties.C.It will lave to be changed to suit local tastes.D.It is unlikely to be enjoyed by most people
47、.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Drunken drivingsometimes called Americas socially accepted form of murderhas become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on (36) 1 are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an (37) 2250,000 over the past decade. A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0. 10 blood alcohol content or (38) 3three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drink
