1、大学英语六级 127及答案解析(总分：428.03，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled A Letter to the Mayor. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 假如你是王玲，请你就社区附近建筑工地的污染问题给市长写一封信，内容应涉及污染情况、给居民带来的不便以及你的建议。
2、（分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Workplace Negativity Nothing affects employee morale more adversely than persistent workplace negativity. It saps (消耗) the energy of your organization and diverts critical attention from work and performance. Negativity occurs in the attitude, outlook, a
3、nd talk of one department member, or in a crescendo (高潮) of voices responding to a workplace decision or event. Learn About Workplace Negativity As a manager or human resources professional, you are closely in touch with employees throughout the company. This allows you to keep your fingers on the p
4、ulse of the organization to sense workplace negativity. It enables you to establish and heed early warning signals that all is not well. You receive employee complaints, do exit interviews with employees who leave, and know the reputation of your organization in your community. You watch the discuss
5、ions on employee Intranets, manage the appraisal and 360-degree feedback process, and coach managers in appropriate staff treatment. This information will help you learn to identify the symptoms of negativity before its morale-busting consequences damage your workplace. It will also assist you in pr
6、eventing and curing workplace negativity. Diagnose Workplace Negativity Negativity is an increasing problem in the workplace, according to Gary S. Topchik, the author of Managing Workplace Negativity. He states, in a Management Review article, that negativity is often the result of a loss of confide
7、nce, control, or community. Knowing what people are negative about is the first step in solving the problem. In my experience, when rumblings (抱怨) and negativity are beginning in your organization, talking with employees will help you understand the exact problems and the degree to which the problem
8、s are impacting your workplace. You will want to identify the exact employee groups who are experiencing the negativity, and the nature of the issues that sparked their unhappiness. Perhaps the organization made a decision that adversely affected staff. Perhaps the executive manager held a staff mee
9、ting and was perceived to threaten or ignore people asking legitimate questions. Maybe staff members feel insecure because concern exists over losing a product line. Perhaps underground rumors are circulating about an impending layoff. People may feel that they give the organization more than they r
10、eceive in return. They may feel that a coworker is mistreated or denied a deserved promotion. When You Are Not in Control of the Negativity Negativity often occurs when people are impacted by decisions and issues that are out of their control. Examples of these include: corporation downsizing; under
11、staffing that requires people to work mandatory overtime; budget reductions; and upper-management decisions that adversely impact members of your staff. Under these circumstances, as a human resources professional, try some of the following ideas. -Identify any aspects of the situation that you can
12、impact, including providing feedback in your organization about the negative impact that is occurring. (Sometimes decisions are made and no one understands or predicts their outcome. Sometimes you can influence an issue or a decision if you practice personal, professional courage and speak your mind
13、.) -Listen, listen, listen. Often people just need a sounding board. Be visible and available to staff. Proactively (积极地) schedule group discussion sessions, town meetings, “lunches with the manager“ or one-on-one blocks of time. -Challenge pessimistic thinking and negative beliefs about people, the
14、 company, and the work area. Dont let negative, false statements go unchallenged. If the statements are true, provide the rationale, the corporate thinking, and the events that are responsible for the negative circumstances. Share everything you know about a situation to build trust with the workfor
15、ce. -Ask open-ended questions to determine the cause, and the scope of the negative feelings or reaction. Maybe its not as bad as people think; maybe their interpretation of events is faulty. Helping people identify exactly what they feel negatively about is the first step in solving the problem. Yo
16、u cant solve a fog of unhappiness. Help people create options, feel included, and feel part of the communication and problem-solving. (Do all of the items mentioned in the section “Minimize Workplace Negativity“.) Recognize Your Potential Part in the Negativity Cycle -Recognize that you are human an
17、d occasionally experience situations in which you must uphold decisions you dont entirely support. You dont want to contribute to the negativity by your words, actions, non-verbal behavior, or voice. Yet, you want to act authentically so you are trustworthy and credible. -Know yourself well enough t
18、o recognize internally when you are becoming negative. -Become aware of work situations in which you typically find yourself becoming defensive or negative. Because you are aware of them, try to recognize when you are reacting and avoid your typical negative reaction. (Some people figure out exactly
19、 how to get you going and push your “hot buttons“ deliberately, so to speak.) -Take a time-out or walk away by yourself when you have dealt with a stressful situation. -Spend some time alone thinking every day about the positive aspects of your work and life. You dont want to spend all of your time
20、on negative thinking. If there is nothing positive to think about, examine the life you are choosing to create. -Treat yourself with care. Dont beat yourself up or second-guess yourself over decisions or mistakes. You are human. You learn; you grow. Focus on the big picture; dont get bogged down (陷入
21、) in the day-to-day. Recognize that the only thing you are truly in charge of is how you choose to react in any situation. I trust that these ideas will help you in addressing the negativity in your workplace. As always, your thoughts and additional ideas are always welcome. Please share them in the
22、 HR Forum so a broader group of people can benefit from your thinking. Minimize Workplace Negativity The best way to combat workplace negativity is to keep it from occurring in the first place. These tips will help you minimize workplace negativity. -Provide opportunities for people to make decision
23、s about and control and/or influence their own job. The single most frequent cause of workplace negativity I encounter is traceable to a manager or the organization making a decision about a persons work without her input. Almost any decision that excludes the input of the person doing the work is p
24、erceived as negative. -Make opportunities available for people to express their opinion about workplace policies and procedures. Recognize the impact of changes in such areas as work hours, pay, benefits, and assignment of overtime hours, comp pay, dress codes, office location, job requirements, and
25、 working conditions. These factors are closest to the mind, heart and physical presence of each individual. Changes to these can cause serious negative responses. Provide timely, proactive responses to questions and concerns. -Treat people as adults with fairness and consistency. Develop and publici
26、ze workplace policies and procedures that organize work effectively. Apply them consistently. As an example, each employee has the opportunity to apply for leave time. In granting his request, apply the same factors to his application as you would to any other individuals. -Afford people the opportu
27、nity to grow and develop. Training, perceived opportunities for promotions, lateral moves for development, and cross-training are visible signs of an organizations commitment to staff. -Do not create “rules“ for all employees, when just a few people are violating the norms. You want to minimize the
28、number of rules directing the behavior of adult people at work. Treat people as adults; they will usually live up to your expectations, and their own expectations. -Help people feel like members of the in-crowd; each person wants to have the same information as quickly as everyone else. Provide the
29、context for decisions, and communicate effectively and constantly. If several avenues or directions are under consideration, communicate all that you know, as soon as you know it. Reserve the right to change your mind later, without consequence, when additional factors affect the direction of ultima
30、te decisions. -Provide appropriate leadership and a strategic framework, including mission, vision, values, and goals. People want to feel as if they are part of something bigger than themselves. If they understand the direction, and their part in making the desired outcomes happen, they can effecti
31、vely contribute more. （分数：71.00）(1).Only by watching the discussions on employee Intranets can managers find warning signs of negativity.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).It is helpful for managers to talk with their employees to learn the workplace negativity problems.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Upper-management o
32、ften leads to the workplace negativity that is difficult to control.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Managers should spend some time with their employees over supper talking about positive things.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Employee morale is mostly adversely affected by_.（分数：7.10）_(6).People will experience negat
33、ivity in the workplaces when they lose_.（分数：7.10）_(7).The most efficient way to combat workplace negativity is to_ in the first place.（分数：7.10）_(8).Workplace negativity often arises when a manager makes a decision about a persons work without_.（分数：7.10）_(9).It is suggested to provide opportunities f
34、or employees to express their ideas about_.（分数：7.10）_(10).It is advisable to provide employees with appropriate leadership and_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.She doesnt like Prof. Gilmores lectures, either.B.She doesnt like to take notes.C.She doesnt really care what Prof. Gilmor
35、e teaches.D.She has already quit Prof. Gilmores course and choose a new one.A.He will buy a warmer coat, too.B.He doesnt think its necessary to buy another coat.C.He loves spring very much.D.He agrees with the woman.A.Tom is advised not to talk much.B.Tom isnt good at singing.C.Tom just had a surger
36、y on his throat.D.Tom is encouraged by his doctor to speak more.A.She asks the man to wait for her at the train station.B.She will call the man when she arrives at the station.C.She and the man will take the 7:50 train.D.She is sorry for keeping the man waiting for her for an hour.A.He suggests the
37、woman to have her watch refunded.B.He suggests the woman to buy a new battery in the shop on campus.C.He believes the shop on campus sells watches at a reasonable price.D.He suggests the woman to have her watch checked in the shop.A.The novel describes a man with many different kinds of character.B.
38、Therere too many characters in the novel to remember.C.The man is good at memorizing peoples names.D.She hasnt read the novel yet.A.He didnt make the appointment with the professor.B.He totally forgets about the appointment.C.He would probably go to the professors office today if the woman didnt cal
39、l him.D.He though the appointment was 4: 50.A.Right now.B.In the physics class.C.After the class.D.In the afternoon.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.He has a lot of expenses including student loans.B.Hes in debt and is trying to borrow money.C.He has a decent job, but hes looking for a new one.D.He lent
40、 money for his friends and give financial advices.A.A small place with a nice view of the city.B.A spacious apartment that includes cable TV.C.An apartment downtown with free parking.D.A small place with utilities and cable TV.A.He tries to go out to eat every night.B.He spends around $ 400 a month.
41、C.He doesnt know how to cook very well.D.He prefers to eat alone.A.He should be careful when using his credit cards.B.He should cook by himself.C.He should stop spending money on entertainment.D.He ought to get rid of his car to save money.A.Find out about a course.B.See an adviser.C.Drop off a pape
42、r.D.Go to a meeting.A.Paint a landscape.B.Give an oral report.C.Take a final exam.D.Buy several books.A.Come to her office before her meeting.B.Change his major.C.Meet with her tomorrow.D.Discuss the class with his roommate.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)A.They are delighted because they can enjoy the s
43、cenery while driving.B.They are frightened because traffic accidents are frequent.C.They are irritated because the bridge is jammed with cars.D.They are pleased because it saves them much time.A.They dont have their own cars to drive to work.B.Many of them are romantic by temperament.C.Most of them
44、enjoy the drinks on the boat.D.They tend to be more friendly to each other.A.Many welcome the idea of having more bars on board.B.Many prefer the ferry to maintain its present speed.C.Some suggest improving the design of the deck.D.Some object to using larger luxury boats.A.To help mariners.B.To imp
45、rove ship design and sailing methods.C.To study astronomy and mathematics.D.To improve his own skill as a sailor.A.To design vessels that could make long ocean voyages.B.To design vessels that could travel faster than those in use at that time.C.To design vessels that could explore the coastline of
46、Portugal.D.To design vessels that could carry larger crews and more cargo than existing ones.A.The First Modern Sailing Vessels.B.Prince Henrys Sailing Vessels.C.Prince Henry the Navigator.D.The First School for Sailors.A.A victim.B.A police detective.C.A robber.D.A pet bird.A.She recognized the rob
47、bers.B.She knew the robbers names.C.She found the stolen property.D.She reported the robbery.A.Two.B.Twenty-six.C.Twenty-eight.D.Thirty.A.Babythe Parrot Detective.B.An Amazon Parrot.C.Rising Crime Rates in American Society.D.How to Protect Your House.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Buckingham Palace and other (36) 1 residences open to the public do not accept euros at their gift shops and entry turnstiles. The new curr
