1、大学英语六级 119及答案解析(总分：428.04，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled A Letter to the Mayor. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 假如你是王玲，请你就社区附近建筑工地的污染问题给市长写一封信，内容应涉及污染情况、给居民带来的不便以及你的建议。
2、（分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Workplace Negativity Nothing affects employee morale more adversely than persistent workplace negativity. It saps (消耗) the energy of your organization and diverts critical attention from work and performance. Negativity occurs in the attitude, outlook, a
3、nd talk of one department member, or in a crescendo (高潮) of voices responding to a workplace decision or event. Learn About Workplace Negativity As a manager or human resources professional, you are closely in touch with employees throughout the company. This allows you to keep your fingers on the p
4、ulse of the organization to sense workplace negativity. It enables you to establish and heed early warning signals that all is not well. You receive employee complaints, do exit interviews with employees who leave, and know the reputation of your organization in your community. You watch the discuss
5、ions on employee Intranets, manage the appraisal and 360-degree feedback process, and coach managers in appropriate staff treatment. This information will help you learn to identify the symptoms of negativity before its morale-busting consequences damage your workplace. It will also assist you in pr
6、eventing and curing workplace negativity. Diagnose Workplace Negativity Negativity is an increasing problem in the workplace, according to Gary S. Topchik, the author of Managing Workplace Negativity. He states, in a Management Review article, that negativity is often the result of a loss of confide
7、nce, control, or community. Knowing what people are negative about is the first step in solving the problem. In my experience, when rumblings (抱怨) and negativity are beginning in your organization, talking with employees will help you understand the exact problems and the degree to which the problem
8、s are impacting your workplace. You will want to identify the exact employee groups who are experiencing the negativity, and the nature of the issues that sparked their unhappiness. Perhaps the organization made a decision that adversely affected staff. Perhaps the executive manager held a staff mee
9、ting and was perceived to threaten or ignore people asking legitimate questions. Maybe staff members feel insecure because concern exists over losing a product line. Perhaps underground rumors are circulating about an impending layoff. People may feel that they give the organization more than they r
10、eceive in return. They may feel that a coworker is mistreated or denied a deserved promotion. When You Are Not in Control of the Negativity Negativity often occurs when people are impacted by decisions and issues that are out of their control. Examples of these include: corporation downsizing; under
11、staffing that requires people to work mandatory overtime; budget reductions; and upper-management decisions that adversely impact members of your staff. Under these circumstances, as a human resources professional, try some of the following ideas. -Identify any aspects of the situation that you can
12、impact, including providing feedback in your organization about the negative impact that is occurring. (Sometimes decisions are made and no one understands or predicts their outcome. Sometimes you can influence an issue or a decision if you practice personal, professional courage and speak your mind
13、.) -Listen, listen, listen. Often people just need a sounding board. Be visible and available to staff. Proactively (积极地) schedule group discussion sessions, town meetings, “lunches with the manager“ or one-on-one blocks of time. -Challenge pessimistic thinking and negative beliefs about people, the
14、 company, and the work area. Dont let negative, false statements go unchallenged. If the statements are true, provide the rationale, the corporate thinking, and the events that are responsible for the negative circumstances. Share everything you know about a situation to build trust with the workfor
15、ce. -Ask open-ended questions to determine the cause, and the scope of the negative feelings or reaction. Maybe its not as bad as people think; maybe their interpretation of events is faulty. Helping people identify exactly what they feel negatively about is the first step in solving the problem. Yo
16、u cant solve a fog of unhappiness. Help people create options, feel included, and feel part of the communication and problem-solving. (Do all of the items mentioned in the section “Minimize Workplace Negativity“.) Recognize Your Potential Part in the Negativity Cycle -Recognize that you are human an
17、d occasionally experience situations in which you must uphold decisions you dont entirely support. You dont want to contribute to the negativity by your words, actions, non-verbal behavior, or voice. Yet, you want to act authentically so you are trustworthy and credible. -Know yourself well enough t
18、o recognize internally when you are becoming negative. -Become aware of work situations in which you typically find yourself becoming defensive or negative. Because you are aware of them, try to recognize when you are reacting and avoid your typical negative reaction. (Some people figure out exactly
19、 how to get you going and push your “hot buttons“ deliberately, so to speak.) -Take a time-out or walk away by yourself when you have dealt with a stressful situation. -Spend some time alone thinking every day about the positive aspects of your work and life. You dont want to spend all of your time
20、on negative thinking. If there is nothing positive to think about, examine the life you are choosing to create. -Treat yourself with care. Dont beat yourself up or second-guess yourself over decisions or mistakes. You are human. You learn; you grow. Focus on the big picture; dont get bogged down (陷入
21、) in the day-to-day. Recognize that the only thing you are truly in charge of is how you choose to react in any situation. I trust that these ideas will help you in addressing the negativity in your workplace. As always, your thoughts and additional ideas are always welcome. Please share them in the
22、 HR Forum so a broader group of people can benefit from your thinking. Minimize Workplace Negativity The best way to combat workplace negativity is to keep it from occurring in the first place. These tips will help you minimize workplace negativity. -Provide opportunities for people to make decision
23、s about and control and/or influence their own job. The single most frequent cause of workplace negativity I encounter is traceable to a manager or the organization making a decision about a persons work without her input. Almost any decision that excludes the input of the person doing the work is p
24、erceived as negative. -Make opportunities available for people to express their opinion about workplace policies and procedures. Recognize the impact of changes in such areas as work hours, pay, benefits, and assignment of overtime hours, comp pay, dress codes, office location, job requirements, and
25、 working conditions. These factors are closest to the mind, heart and physical presence of each individual. Changes to these can cause serious negative responses. Provide timely, proactive responses to questions and concerns. -Treat people as adults with fairness and consistency. Develop and publici
26、ze workplace policies and procedures that organize work effectively. Apply them consistently. As an example, each employee has the opportunity to apply for leave time. In granting his request, apply the same factors to his application as you would to any other individuals. -Afford people the opportu
27、nity to grow and develop. Training, perceived opportunities for promotions, lateral moves for development, and cross-training are visible signs of an organizations commitment to staff. -Do not create “rules“ for all employees, when just a few people are violating the norms. You want to minimize the
28、number of rules directing the behavior of adult people at work. Treat people as adults; they will usually live up to your expectations, and their own expectations. -Help people feel like members of the in-crowd; each person wants to have the same information as quickly as everyone else. Provide the
29、context for decisions, and communicate effectively and constantly. If several avenues or directions are under consideration, communicate all that you know, as soon as you know it. Reserve the right to change your mind later, without consequence, when additional factors affect the direction of ultima
30、te decisions. -Provide appropriate leadership and a strategic framework, including mission, vision, values, and goals. People want to feel as if they are part of something bigger than themselves. If they understand the direction, and their part in making the desired outcomes happen, they can effecti
31、vely contribute more. （分数：71.00）(1).Only by watching the discussions on employee Intranets can managers find warning signs of negativity.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).It is helpful for managers to talk with their employees to learn the workplace negativity problems.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).Upper-management o
32、ften leads to the workplace negativity that is difficult to control.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Managers should spend some time with their employees over supper talking about positive things.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Employee morale is mostly adversely affected by_.（分数：7.10）_(6).People will experience negat
33、ivity in the workplaces when they lose_.（分数：7.10）_(7).The most efficient way to combat workplace negativity is to_ in the first place.（分数：7.10）_(8).Workplace negativity often arises when a manager makes a decision about a persons work without_.（分数：7.10）_(9).It is suggested to provide opportunities f
34、or employees to express their ideas about_.（分数：7.10）_(10).It is advisable to provide employees with appropriate leadership and_.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.Commenting on a picture.B.Looking at some paintings.C.Painting a picture.D.Comparing two paintings.A.Driving a car.B.Takin
35、g a taxi.C.Going by train.D.Taking the subway.A.The temperature is not as high as the man claims.B.The room will get cool if the man opens the windows.C.She is following instructions not to use the air-conditioning.D.She is afraid the new epidemic SARS will soon spread all over town.A.He can make a
36、reservation at the restaurant.B.The woman should decide where to eat.C.He already has plans for Saturday night.D.The woman should ask her sister for suggestions.A.The woman is not suitable for the position.B.The job has been given to someone else.C.He had received only one application letter.D.The a
37、pplication arrived a week earlier than expected.A.Buy something to eat on the train.B.Take the five oclock train.C.Wait to catch a later train.D.Take the train to the airport.A.At a shopping center.B.At an electronics company.C.At an international trade fair.D.At a DVD counter in a music store.A.How
38、 to buy a good computer.B.How to borrow a computer from the company.C.The price of the computer.D.The newly-bought computer.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Colleagues.B.Husband and Wife.C.Friends.D.Roommates.A.At noon.B.In the afternoon.C.In the evening.D.In the morning.A.Janet.B.Chris.C.Her husband.D.
39、The man who called her in the evening.A.At a subway station.B.At a bus station.C.At a railway station.D.At the airport.A.The weather report is not accurate.B.The snow fell too deep.C.The weather report is not available.D.The snow fell too early.A.A sectary.B.A tour guide.C.An attorney.D.A travel age
40、nt.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)A.A narrow river.B.The River Thames.C.A wide river.D.The Oxford River.A.The Cambridge and Oxford boat race is run every year.B.Each boat has a crew of eight.C.Each oarsman uses one oar.D.A trained crew can work up great speed and shoot away like a rocket.A.The Westminst
41、er Bridge is the most famous one in the world.B.The Big Ben strikes four times an hour.C.At least three bridges span the Thames.D.The House of Commons and the House of Lords sit on the Thames.A.Londoners and the Thames.B.The Clean Air Act.C.Other measures.D.The Clean Air Act and other measures.A.Pla
42、nes and motorcars have taken the place of trains.B.Oil is expensive today.C.Trains are slow.D.Railways lose money.A.We can do without railways.B.Trains have much in common with motorcars and planes.C.Motorcars and planes are not as good as trains.D.Trains are as good as motorcars and planes.A.It is
43、cheaper to travel by train than by plane.B.The railway station is usually at the center of a city.C.When you get off the plane you will find yourself right in the city center.D.No motorcar or plane can carry as many goods as a train does.A.200 years old.B.100 years old.C.400 years old.D.300 years ol
44、d.A.To set up a new religion.B.Because of religious problem.C.To learn new farming.D.Because of the Indians.A.Similar to that of Plymouth.B.Similar to that of England.C.Different from that of England.D.Different from that of Plymouth.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is only right that the stars should
45、be paid in this way. Dont the top men in industry earn (36) 1salaries for the services they (37) 2to their companies and their countries? Pop stars earn vast sums in foreign (38) 3often more than large (39) 4concernsand the taxman can only be grateful for their massive annual (40) 5to the exchequer.
46、 So who would (41) 6them their rewards? Itll be all very well for people in humdrum jobs to moan about the successes and (42) 7 of others. People who make envious remarks should remember that the most famous stars (43) 8only the tip of the iceberg. For every famous star, there are hundreds of others
47、 struggling to earn a living. (44) 9. He has chosen security and peace of mind, so there will always be a limit to what he can earn. (45) 10. He knows at the outset that only a handful of competitors ever get to the very top. He knows that years of concentrated effort may be rewarded with complete failure. But he knows, too, that the for success are very high indeed: (46) 11. Thats the essence of private enterprise. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_
