1、大学英语六级 106及答案解析(总分：428.00，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Private Cars in China. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1简单介绍中国私家车发展的现状 2说明拥有私家车的利与弊 3指出私家车在中国的未来发展方向 Useful word
2、s and expressions: 温室气体排放：greenhouse emission 交通堵塞：congestiontraffic jam （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Generation X Who are we? Why are we called “Generation X“? Where did we come from? Where are we going? Whats going on here? Wheres the Beef? This passage offers some (but only some)
3、 of the answers, and points you to other internet sources that can help you find the rest of the answers. Heres a brief “FAQ“ (Frequently Asked Questions) on Generation X: How did we get this name, “Generation X“ anyway? Blame Douglas Coupland of British Columbia, Canada, for one. It was also the na
4、me of a British Punk group in the 1970s featuring 1980s soloist Billy Idol. In a 1995 interview, Coupland denied any connection, saying: “The books title came not from Billy Idols band, as many supposed, but from the final chapter of a funny sociological book on American class structure titled Class
5、, by Paul Fussell. In his final chapter, Fussell named an “X“ category of people who wanted to hop off the merry-go-round of status, money, and social climbing that so often frames modern existence.“ Whatever you say, Doug. When Coupland wrote his book in 1991, the phrase was picked up by marketers
6、desperately seeking a name for the “generation without a name“. Of course theres been much discussion about “slackers“ (懒惰的人) comes to mind. Other popular terms are “Thirteeners“ or “13th Generation“, which came from a book by Neil Howe and William Strauss called “Generations“, in which we are liste
7、d as the 13th generation of the USA since 1620. Who exactly is Gen-X? This question is in hot dispute. In the mid-1980s the Gen-Xers had been labeled “Baby Busters“ (生育低谷期出生的人), due to the low birthrates of the 1965-1975 age bracket. Demographers (人口统计学家) noticed as early as 1966 that the “boom“ (婴儿
8、潮) was over, and began planning and budgeting downward for this massive change from the “boom“ in birth between 1946-1964. (These “Boomer“ dates, by the way, have never been in doubt nor have they been doubted or tampered with by the media.) Today, however, many people lump (将.看作一体) those born in th
9、e years 1961-1981 together. Why 1961? Despite being Doug Couplands birthyear, it more likely began with the Howe (44) 9. But when geography is considered as a single subject, neither branch can neglect the other. (45) 10. If places were alike, there would be little need for geographers. (46) 11. Geo
10、graphy, then, is a point of view, a special way of looking at places. （分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：2，分数：177.00)Under pressure from animal welfare groups, two national science teachers associations have adopted guide
11、lines that ban classroom experiments harming animals. The National Association of Biology Teachers and the National Science Teachers Association hope to end animal abuse in elementary and secondary schools and, in turn, discourage students from mishandling animals in home experiments and science fai
12、r projects. Animal welfare groups are apparently most concerned with high school students experimenting with animals in extracurricular projects. Barbara Orlans, President of the Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, said that students have been performing surgery at random, testing known poisonous
13、substances, and running other pathology (病理学) experiments on animals without even knowing normal physiology (生理学). At one science fair, a student cut off the leg and tail of a lizard (晰蜴) to demonstrate that only the tail can regenerate, she said. In another case, a student bound sparrows (麻雀), star
14、ved them and observed their behavior. “The amount of abuse had been quite horrifying,“ Orlans said. Administrators of major science fairs are short-tempered over the teachers policy change and the impression it has created. “The teachers were sold a bill of goods by Barbara Orlans,“ said Thurman Gra
15、fton, who heads the rules committee for the International Science and Engineering Fair. “Backyard tabletop surgery is just nonsense. The new policies throw cold water on students inquisitiveness,“ he said. Grafton said he wouldnt deny that there hasnt been animal abuse among projects at the internat
16、ional, fair, but he added that judges reject contestants who have unnecessarily injured animals. The judges have a hard time monitoring local and regional fairs that may or may not choose to comply with the international fairs rules that stress proper care of animals, Grafton said. He said that seve
17、ral years ago, the Westinghouse Science Talent Search banned harmful experiments to animals when sponsors threatened to cancel their support after animal welfare groups lobbied for change. The teachers adopted the new policies also to fend off proposed legislation in states including Missouri and Ne
18、w York that would restrict or prohibit experiments on animals. Officials of the two teachers organizations say that they dont know how many animals have been abused in the classroom. On the one hand, many biology teachers are not trained in the proper care of animals, said Wayne Moyer, executive dir
19、ector of the biology teachers association. On the other, the use of animals in experiments has dropped in recent years because of school budget cuts. The association may set up seminars to teach better animal care to its members. （分数：88.50）(1).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：17.70）A.Science tea
20、chers to ban testing harmful to animals.B.Teachers policy change in experiment on animals.C.The new policies of banning harmful experiments to animals.D.The importance of prohibiting harmful experiments on animals.(2).According to the text, animal welfare groups have succeeded in_.（分数：17.70）A.stoppi
21、ng all animal abuse in schoolsB.establishing guidelines that ban classroom experiments harming animalsC.protecting animals from being experimented with in extracurricular projectsD.persuading two national science teachers associations to adopt an animal protection policy(3).Thurman Grafton suggests
22、that_.（分数：17.70）A.animal abuse is horrible and should be terminatedB.the teachers have been compelled to do all animal experimentsC.prohibition of experiments on animals will discourage students from being curiousD.the International Science and Engineering Fair will cease to operate because of the n
23、ew policies(4).It can be learned from the text that the teachers ban harmful experiments to animals in order to_.（分数：17.70）A.maintain ecological balanceB.please animal welfare groupsC.get financial support from their sponsorsD.protect necessary harmless experiments on animals(5).It is suggested in t
24、he last paragraph that_.（分数：17.70）A.the seriousness of animal abuse in the classroom is unknownB.training teachers in animal care may contribute to reducing animal abuseC.fewer animals have been used in experiments in recent yearsD.many biology teachers are not trained in proper care of animalThe Ca
25、rnegie Foundation report says that many colleges have tried to be “ all things to all people“. In doing so, they have increasingly catered to a narrow minded careerism while failing to cultivate a global vision among their students. The current crisis, it contends, does not derive from a legitimate
26、desire to put learning to productive ends. The problem is that in too many academic fields, the work has no context; skills, rather than being means, have become ends. Students are offered a variety of options and allowed to pick their way to a degree. In short, driven by careerism,“ the nations col
27、leges and universities are more successful in providing credentials than in providing a quality education for their students.“ The report concludes that the special challenge confronting the undergraduate college is one of shaping an “ integrated core“ of common learning. Such a core would introduce
28、 students “ to essential knowledge, to connections across the disciplines, and in the end, to application of knowledge to life beyond the campus.“ Although the key to a good college is a high-quality faculty, the Carnigie study found that most colleges do very little to encourage good teaching. In f
29、act, they do much to undermine it. As one professor observed: “ Teaching is important, we are told, and yet faculty know that research and publication matter most.“ Not surprisingly, over the last twenty years colleges and universities have failed to graduate half of their four-year degree candidate
30、s. Faculty members who dedicate themselves to teaching soon discover that they will not be granted tenure, promotion, or substantial salary increases. Yet 70 percent of all faculty say their interests lie more in teaching than in research. Additionally, a frequent complaint among young scholars is t
31、hat “ There is pressure to publish, although there is virtually no interest among administrators or colleagues in the content of the publications.“ （分数：88.50）(1).When a college tries to be “ all things to all people “ (Line 1, Para.l), it aims to_.（分数：17.70）A.satisfy the needs of all kinds of studen
32、ts simultaneouslyB.focus on training students in various skillsC.encourage students to take as many courses as possibleD.make learning serve academic rather than productive ends(2).By saying that“ in too many academic fields, the work has no context“ (Lines 4, Para.l) the author means that the teach
33、ing in these areas_.（分数：17.70）A.ignores the actual situationB.is not based on the fight perspectiveC.only focuses on an integrated core of common learningD.gives priority to the cultivation of a global vision among students(3).One of the reasons for the current crisis in American colleges and univer
34、sities is that_.（分数：17.70）A.a narrow vocationalism has come to dominate any collegesB.students dont have enough freedom in choosing what they want learnC.skills are being taught as a means to an endD.students are only interested in obtaining credentials(4).American colleges and universities failed t
35、o graduate half of their four-year degree candidates because（分数：17.70）A.most of them lack high-quality facultiesB.the interests of most faculty members lie in researchC.there are not enough incentives for students to study hardD.they attach greater importance to research and publication than to teac
36、hing(5).It can be inferred from the passage that high-quality college education calls for_.（分数：17.70）A.putting academic work in the proper contextB.a commitment to students and effective teachingC.the practice of putting learning to productive endsD.dedication to research in frontier areas of knowle
37、dgeScientists have learned more about the way cancer spreads from one place in the body to another. Once it spreads, it gets more difficult to treat. Cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth. Traditional thinking is that cells simply break off the main cancer, travel through the blood and gro
38、w in other organs. But the new findings suggest there is more to this process. Researchers found that cells from the main tumor send out messengers. These prepare the new organ for a secondary tumor (瘤). It works this way. The primary tumor releases proteins called growth factors into the blood. The
39、y signal cells at the target organ to produce a sticky protein, called fibronectin. It attaches to the surface of bone marrow (骨髓) cells. The result is a kind of landing area for cancer to arrive and grow into a secondary tumor. The bone marrow cells help make vessels for blood to pass through and f
40、eed the cancer cells. The researchers believe that without the bone marrow cells, the tumors could not land on the new organ and grow. Scientists from Cornell University in Ithaca (伊萨卡岛), New York, led the research. The study appeared in the publication Nature. It involved laboratory mice. The resea
41、rchers killed off bone marrow cells in the animals and replaced them with special new ones. The bone marrow cells were brightly colored, so the researchers could observe them. The mice were then injected with lung cancer cells. The researchers were surprised when the bone marrow cells reached the lu
42、ngs days before any cancer cells. They found that the bone marrow cells arrived to prepare the lungs for the cancer to spread. Other tests led to similar findings. The researchers believe they would find the same results in humans. They say knowledge of the process could lead to new ways to fight ca
43、ncer. Cancers can be caused by genetic or environmental conditions, or a combination. There are estimates that about one-third of cancer deaths could be prevented if people took better care of themselves. That includes better diet, exercise and no smoking. Researchers recently studied the causes of
44、the seven million cancer deaths worldwide in two thousand one. They linked nine avoidable risks to almost two and one-half million of them. The study led by Harvard researchers in the United States appeared in the Lancet. （分数：-1.00）(1).How do cancer cells spread according to traditional theory?（分数：-
45、0.20）_(2).New findings suggest that the primary tumor send out messengers to prepare _for cancer to arrive and grow.（分数：-0.20）_(3).According to scientists, what will happen to the tumor if there is no bone marrow?（分数：-0.20）_(4).What kind of fact lead researchers in Cornell University begin to believ
46、e that marrow cells help spread cancer?（分数：-0.20）_(5).If people can lead a healthier life, for example,_, about one-third of cancer deaths could be prevented.（分数：-0.20）_九、Cloze (15 minutes)(总题数：1，分数：71.00)Who talks more, women or men? The seemingly contradictory evidence is (B1) by the difference wh
47、at I call public and private speaking. More men feel comfortable doing public speaking, (B2) more women feel comfortable doing (B3) speaking. Another way of (B4) these differences is by using the (B5) “report-talk“ and “rapport-talk“. For most women, the language of conversations is (B6) a language of rapport: a way of establishing connections and (B7) relationships. Emph
