1、大学英语六级 103 及答案解析(总分：448.01，做题时间：132 分钟)一、Part I Writing (3(总题数：1，分数：30.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Private Cars in China. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1简单介绍中国私家车发展的现状 2说明拥有私家车的利与弊 3指出私家车在中国的未来发展方向 Useful wor
2、ds and expressions: 温室气体排放：greenhouse emission 交通堵塞：congestiontraffic jam （分数：30.00）_二、Part II Reading C(总题数：1，分数：71.00)By the mid-1990s, banks and investment organizations had realized that academics skilled in mathematical modelling could help them to devise winning strategies with which to play t
3、he worlds financial markets. George Sugihara, who had built a formidable reputation among ecologists by analyzing the population dynamics of fish and plankton (浮游生物), was a prize catch. Deutsche Bank wanted him to apply those talents to its “black-box project“, a secret endeavour designed to predict
4、 the prices of various financial instruments. Sugihara struck a hard bargain. In addition to providing an ample salary, Deutsche Bank agreed to let him stay in San Diego where the Frankfurt-based firm provided a large luxurious office overlooking the harbour. There, it gave him all the resources he
5、needed to devise models to interpret price trends from masses of financial data. In 1995, when Sugihara took leave of absence from the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), his colleagues thought it unlikely that he would ever return few scientists who have been seduced by the world of finance
6、 have later resumed their academic careers. But Sugihara has changed that trend, and is now applying his experience in finance to marine conservation. He wants to harness market forces to prevent over-fishing which governments and the scientists who advise them have mostly so far failed to achieve.
7、In reality, Sugihara never gave up his studies of biological oceanography. During his four years with Deutsche Bank, he taught part-time at UCSD, and published more than a dozen scientific articles on complex biological systems. When his leave period was up, he says, hard science was always going to
8、 win over high finance. “No, it wasnt hard to leave that world,“ he says. “I really wanted to do science.“ But Sugiharas experience of the markets has changed the way he thinks about managing the oceans natural resources. For decades, investors have traded on markets for the future prices of virtual
9、ly every commodity, from grain crops, through orange juice, to oil. Yet despite worldwide sales of at least US$80 billion a year, there is no futures market for fish. Sugihara hopes to change that. By providing people with the means to make money, and offering a structured financial environment for
10、the worldwide catch and sale of fish, he argues, it should be possible to prevent stock depletion. Trading places To this end, Sugihara and a number of scientific colleagues are now seeking start-up finance for a company called the Ocean Resource Exchange. This would trade and lease financial instru
11、ments or derivatives associated with fish catches, on an electronic commodities exchange. Perhaps trading is in Sugiharas genes. His Japanese father was a trader in wood products, who settled in California in 1951 with his Indonesian wife and young son, seeking new opportunities away from the turmoi
12、l of post-war Asia. But the young Sugihara didnt follow his father into business. After graduating from the University of Michigan in 1973, he embarked on an academic career, initially studying lake cores in Africa. First he worked in Zambia, where he identified pollens and diatoms for palaeoclimate
13、 (古气候) studies. Later, he moved to Tunisia to study algal productivity and the origins of hydrogen sulphide emissions from Lake Tunis. Sugiharas analytical mind found this fieldwork unsatisfying, so he returned to Michigan to bone up (突击钻研) on mathematics. “I took 26 courses in two years,“ he says.
14、And with his growing mathematical sophistication, he developed a theory to explain an observed regularity in the distribution of species abundance. When he approached Robert May, then conducting pioneering analyses of biodiversity at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, with th
15、e theory, May immediately recognized Sugiharas potential and signed him up as a doctoral student. By the time Sugihara completed his PhD in 1982, he already had his eyes on UCSDs Scripps Institution of Oceanography, which hosted a largely untapped repository of oceano-graphic and fisheries data. “Th
16、is was a gold mine,“ says Sugihara. “And no one was looking at it intensively.“ At Scripps, Sugihara used these data to develop and test mathematical models designed to probe the dynamics of complex biological systems. Among the results was an influential article published with May, which showed how
17、 to use nonlinear equations formulas where output isnt proportional to input to make short-term predictions about the behaviour of chaotic systems such as the population dynamics of marine plankton. Financial Trend setter Among those who recognized the equations power was former behavioural ecologis
18、t Steven Schulman, who knew Sugihara from Princeton. By 1990, Schulman was in the New York office of the financial firm Merrill Lynch, conducting quantitative analyses to reduce investment risk. In Sugiharas equations, Schulman saw the possibility of predicting prices in market derivatives. So he br
19、okered a consulting deal: Merrill Lynch provided Sugihara with financial data, which he mined for price trends. For Sugihara, it was a dream. First, the arrangement allowed him to put his own finances on a sounder footing. “I couldnt afford to send my children to college, back then,“ he says. Analys
20、ing the markets also presented him with fresh intellectual challenges. “Im driven by access to data,“ he says. And at the time, Sugihara was even more discreet, telling acquaintances who asked about his work: “Im a teacher.“ Former colleagues who visited didnt know what to make of his new life as a
21、financial predictor. Sugihara recalls the first time that May dropped by at his harbour-side office and assumed he was the victim of an elaborate practical joke. “He opened a desk drawer to look for something with my name on it,“ Sugihara says. Sugiharas earnings in the world of finance have provide
22、d a home with an enviable sea view, plus a vintage Porsche (保时捷汽车) parked in the garage. But by the standards of banking highfliers, these are limited extravagances. For Sugihara, acquiring wealth was never the main goal, so he had few doubts about getting back on the treadmill of winning grants for
23、 his research. Thats not always easy for someone who cuts across disciplines, and whose ideas are often ahead of their time. “Its too far out of the box“ is a common comment from reviewers, Sugihara says. But unlike his colleagues, whose grant applications get tossed aside, Sugihara has the luxury o
24、f being able to support some of his own research, using a trust fund set up during his Deutsche Bank days. In part, that was how he funded his latest work, an analysis of environmental fluctuations and ecological catastrophes in the North Pacific. This suggests that fishing quotas may need to be set
25、 more conservatively, and adjusted more frequently to compensate for environmental conditions, than is typically the case. “The way fish quotas are set is wrong,“ says Sugihara. “It doesnt fit nature or reality.“ Net gains The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), which sets quotas in US waters,
26、 is at least prepared to listen to this message. When Sugihara gave a lecture in June to a NMFS scientific panel on quota methodology in the North Pacific, his talk went on for two hours three times as long as scheduled as agency staff quizzed him on the details. “It was really interesting,“ says Je
27、ffrey Polovina, a NMFS biological oceanographer. “But it was pretty complicated stuff. Most of us dont have the background in chaos theory.“ Sugihara hopes that the Ocean Resource Exchange will provide an incentive to preserve fish stocks that doesnt rely on a detailed understanding of complex biolo
28、gical systems, and instead taps into peoples baser instincts(直觉). “Show them how to make more money,“ he says. The first derivative is likely to be a futures contract for a certain percentage of a fishermans catch at an agreed price at a specified time. “Essentially, these are tradable options for f
29、ishing rights,“ Sugihara says. Fishermen and investors could hedge their bets, which should reduce the tendency for catches to swing between boom and bust(萧条期), and give all stakeholders a tangible financial incentive not to cheat and plunder the ecosystem for the maximum short-term return. As a tes
30、t of the idea, Sugihara is modeling the concept using data from a Californian squid fishery where about 200 vessels bring in a haul worth up to US$36 million per year. But both catches and prices can fluctuate widely, making it a prime candidate for a market in derivatives(即时变化率). “The motive here i
31、s public service,“ he says. “I think we can use market forces for conservation.“ （分数：71.00）(1).George Sugihara was an ecologist when he was employed with high pay by Deutsche Bank.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(2).Sugihara wants to harness market forces to prevent over-fishing which governments and the scienti
32、sts could not often achieve so far.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(3).There are many futures markets for fish now.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(4).Ocean Resource Exchange is a company to carry its trade and lease activities through electronic commodities exchange.（分数：7.10）A.YB.NC.NG(5).Sugihara graduated from_ in 1973.（分
33、数：7.10）_(6).Sugihara used the untapped data provided by_ to develop and test mathematical models designed to probe the dynamics of complex biological systems.（分数：7.10）_(7).Sugiharas equations power was recognized by the former ecologist_.（分数：7.10）_(8).Sugiharas main goal was not_.（分数：7.10）_(9).Why d
34、id Sugiharas lecture to a NMFS scientific panel prolong so much?（分数：7.10）_(10).Sugihara proposes to rely on_ rather than a detailed understanding of complex biological systems to preserve fish stocks.（分数：7.10）_三、Listening Comprehens(总题数：1，分数：15.00)A.In an office.B.In a hotel.C.At a dinner table.D.At
35、 the man s house.A.At 1:00.B.After 1: 15.C.After 12:15.D.Before 12:00.A.$1 million.B.$1/4 million.C.$1/2 million.D.$2 million.A.He is hostile.B.He is indifferent.C.He is snobbish.D.He is helpful.A.House painter.B.Salesman.C.Mailman.D.Milkman.A.Father and daughter.B.Mother and son.C.Teacher and pupil
36、.D.Doctor and patient.A.It is too noisy.B.She enjoys speaking loudly.C.She is very angry.D.She is deaf.A.The woman is making a withdrawal from a bank.B.The woman is admitting the man to a hospital.C.The woman is robbing the man.D.The woman is ordering the man to stop.四、Section A(总题数：2，分数：10.00)A.Mem
37、bership in a co-op.B.The benefits of health food.C.Shopping in the supermarket.D.The current cost of food.A.Lowering its prices.B.Selling more household necessities.C.Changing its membership rules.D.Opening up more checkout lines.A.Avoid junk food.B.Attend monthly meetings.C.Buy cleaning supplies at
38、 the co-op.D.Work at the co-op for an hour every week.A.To save money on food.B.To buy food without additives.C.To do all his shopping in one place.D.To meet other health-conscious people.A.The Englishmens habits.B.The Englishmens accent.C.The Englishmens character.D.The Englishmens teaching styles.
39、A.Receptive.B.Just.C.Impulsive.D.Trustful.A.France.B.Italy.C.Germany.D.Spain.A.Reading.B.Writing.C.Speaking.D.Listening.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：30.00)A.The heart of London was flooded.B.An emergency exercise was conducted.C.100 people in the suburbs were drowned.D.One of the bridges between North and S
40、outh London collapsed.A.A flood wall was built.B.Rescue teams were formed.C.An alarm system was set up.D.50 underground stations were made waterproof.A.Most Londoners took Exercise Floodcall calmly.B.Most Londoners were frightened.C.Most Londoners became rather confused.D.Most Londoners complained a
41、bout the trouble caused by Exercise Floodcall.A.How to interpret what people say.B.What to do when you listen to others talking.C.How to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people.D.Why we go wrong with people sometimes.A.Because we fail to listen carefully when they talk.B.Because people tend
42、to be annoyed when we check what they say.C.Because people usually state one thing but means another.D.Because we tend to doubt what our friends say.A.Notice the way the person is talking.B.Take a good look at the person talking.C.Mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyes.D.Examine the rea
43、l meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture.A.How to suffer pain.B.How to avoid pain.C.How to handle pain.D.How to stop pain.A.How we look at pain.B.To feel pain as much as possible.C.To show an interest in pain.D.To accept the pain reluctantly.A.Pessimistic.B.Optimistic.
44、C.Radical.D.Practical.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A few months ago, millions of people in London heard (36) 1all over the town. The Emergency services, the Fire Departments, the Police, hospitals, and (37) 2stood by, ready to go into action. In railway underground stations, people read (38) 3and maps
45、 which told them where to go and what to do in the emergency. This was Exercise Flood Call, to prepare people for a flood emergency. London wasnt flooded yet, but it is possible that it would be. In 1236 and in 1663, London was (39) 4flooded. In 1928, people living in Westminster, the heart of Londo
46、n, drowned in floods. And in 19S3, one hundred people, living on the eastern edge of the London (40) 5were killed, again, in the floods. At last, Greater London (41) 6took actions to prevent this disaster from happening again. Though a flood wall was built in the 1960s, Londoners still must be prepa
47、red for the possible disaster. If it happens, SO underground stations will be under water. (42) 7, gas and phone services will be out of action. Roads will be (43) 8; road will be rivers. It will be impossible to cross any of (44) 9. Imagine: London will look like the famous Italian city, Venice. But (45) 10. Most people knew it was just a warning. (46) 11.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
