1、大学英语六级-80 及答案解析(总分：556.45，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 现代社会中竞争无处不在；2. 竞争和合作的关系。（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Time in the Animal MindHumans are born time travelers. We may not be able to send our bodies into the past or the future, at least not yet, but we can send
2、 our minds. We can relive events that happened long ago or imagine ourselves in the future. New studies suggest that the two directions of time travel are intimately twisted together in the human brain. But some experts on animal behavior do not think we are unique in this respect. They point to sev
3、eral recent experiments suggesting that animals can visit the past and future as well.The first clues about the twists and turns of mental time travel came from people with certain brain injuries that caused them to forget autobiographical details without forgetting the information they had picked u
4、p along the way. A man known as K. C. , for instance, could play chess with no memory of having ever played it. K. C. could remember sentences psychologists taught him without any memory of the lessons. K. C. had lost what psychologists now call episodic memory. Endel Tulving, a Canadian psychologis
5、t, defined episodic memory as the ability to recall the details of personal experiences: what happened, where it happened, when it happened and so on. Dr. Tulving argued that episodic memory was distinct from other kinds of memory that did not involve personal experience. People can remember how to
6、get to a subway stop, for example, without recalling the first time they were there.Episodic memory was also unique to our species, Dr. Tulving maintained. For one thing, he argued that episodic memory required self-awareness. You cant remember yourself if you dont know you exist. He also argued tha
7、t there was no evidence animals could recollect experiences, even if those experiences left an impression on them.Many animal behavior experts agreed with Dr. Tulving, even though they had not actually run experiments testing the idea. But when Nicola Clayton, a comparative psychologist, first heard
8、 about the claim, she had a different reaction. Dr. Clayton began to test western scrub jays(灌丛鸦)to see if they met any of the criteria for episodic memory. The jays can hide several thousand pieces of food each year and remember the location of each one. Dr. Clayton wondered if scrub jays simply re
9、membered locations, or if they remembered the experience of hiding the food.She ran an experiment using two kinds of food: moth larvae(幼虫) and peanuts. Scrub jays prefer larvae to peanuts while the larvae are still fresh. When the larvae are dead for a few hours, the jays prefer peanuts. Dr. Clayton
10、 gave the birds a chance to hide both kinds of food and then put them in another cage. She later returned the birds to their hiding-places, in some cases after four, hours and in other cases after five days. The time the scrub jays spent away from their caches had a big effect on the type of food th
11、ey looked for. The birds that waited four hours tended to dig up larvae, and the birds that had to wait for five days passed the larvae by and dug up peanuts instead.In 1998, Dr. Clayton and her colleagues published the results of their experiment, declaring that scrub jays met the standards for “ep
12、isodic-like“ memory. Other scientists have followed Dr. Claytons lead and have searched for signs of episodic-like memory in ether animals. When rats are exploring a maze, for example, they seem to be able to recall which kinds of food they encountered along the way. Hummingbirds(蜂鸟)seem to remember
13、 where and when they visited individual flowers for nectar. Rhesus monkeys (恒河猴)can remember where they put food, but not how long ago they put it there.Some researchers have not been persuaded by these studies, however. “Animals seem to be living very much in the present, “said Thomas Suddendorf, a
14、 comparative psychologist at the University of Queensland in Australia. Dr. Suddendorf argues that a scrub jay could remember type of food along with the location of a cache without having a sense or memory of self. “Information is not really what characterizes mental time travel. “Dr. Suddendorf sa
15、id. “I know that in 1967 in Sweden my mom gave birth to me but that doesnt mean I can travel back to that time and experience that event.“Episodic memory also depends on many other faculties in the human mind, Dr. Suddendorf argues. He said he believes it evolved after our ancestors branched off fro
16、m other apes. The advantage lay not in knowing the past, however, but in providing “an advantage for predicting the future, “he said. Recent brain scanning studies support Dr. Suddendorfs link between the past and future. Daniel Schacter, a psychologist, and his colleagues at Harvard University rece
17、ntly studied how brains function as people think about past experiences and imagine future ones. Constructing an episodic memory causes a distinctive network of brain regions to become active. As a person then adds details to the memory, the network changes, as some regions quiet down and others fir
18、e up. The researchers then had their subjects think about themselves in the future. Many parts of the episodic memory network became active again.Dr. Suddendorf argues that these overlapping networks for mental time travel evolved at least 1.6 million years ago. He points to stone tools primitives m
19、ade at that time. Paleoanthropologists(古人类学家)have determined that the tools were moved many miles from where they were made. “If youve just eaten, the only reason youre going to take a tool with you is if you anticipate using it in the future,“ he said.Dr. Suddendorf has roused comparative psycholog
20、ists to action. They have been looking for evidence that animals can also plan for the future. “We tested squirrel monkeys to see if they could anticipate the future, and to our surprise it looks like they could, “said Dr. William Roberts, a comparative psychologist at the University of Western Onta
21、rio. He and his colleagues ran a test in which they offered squirrel monkeys a choice between one piece of date(海枣) or four. Not surprisingly, the monkeys took four. But the scientists then began to take away water from the monkeys before they offered the choice. If the monkeys took four pieces, the
22、 scientists kept the water away for three hours. If the monkeys took one, the scientists returned the water in half an hour. The monkeys learned to choose one date. Even though they were not thirsty at the time, they anticipated becoming thirsty in the future.Dr. Clayton recently tested her scrub ja
23、ys for foresight. She and her colleagues put the birds in three adjoining compartments for six days. Each morning the birds were shut for two hours in one of two rooms. In one room they got nothing to eat. In the other room, they got powdered pine nuts. For the rest of the day, each bird could move
24、around all three rooms and enjoy more powdered nuts. On the seventh day, the scientists switched the powdered pine nuts with real ones. “If Im a bird. what I could do is to take some of the provisions and hide it so that if I do wake up there in the morning, I can get my own breakfast , “Dr. Clayton
25、 said. Dr. Clayton found that the birds put over three times more pine nuts in the no-breakfast room than in the breakfast room. She argues that the results mean that birds can take action for their future needs, knowing what theyll need and where theyll need it.Other experts on animal behavior say
26、that the study is compelling. Even Dr. Suddendorf is intrigued by Dr. Claytons results. He said he wonders how long the birds can plan ahead. “Can they do this for an event next week or next month like humans can? Is it limited to hiding, to just food?/（分数：10.00）(1).K. C. could recall some sentences
27、 without remembering he had taken such lessons because he learned them by himself.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Because being aware of self-existence is the premise of episodic memory, only human beings have such kind of memory.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).If moth larvae are dead for five days, scrub jays will not tou
28、ch upon them in any case.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Some scientists agreed with Claytons claim and found more evidences to support it.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).According to Thomas Suddendorf, knowing some events happened in the past doesnt _ episodic memory.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The advantage of having episodic me
29、mory lies in that it can _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The example that primitive people carried stone tools with them indicates human episodic memory _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).In order to argue against Dr. Suddendorf, some comparative psychologists have been conducting experiments to prove animals can _.（分数：1.
30、00）填空项 1:_(9).In William Roberts experiment, monkeys learned to take one date because they foresaw they would be _ in the future.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).The result of Claytons recent test that birds hid more pine nuts in the non-breakfast compartment indicates they have _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listeni
31、ng Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. Shell have to enroll herself again. B.She may pay for the fees later.C. Shell have to pay more. D. Shell have no place to live.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Food in the restaurants. B. Food brought from home.C. Food in the dinning hall. D. Food cooke
32、d by herself.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The other majors don-t provide any tuition scholarship.B. The academic advisor offers her this advice.C. She is interested in working with nature.D. Her mother prefers this major.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. To get another degree to earn more money. B. To learn more k
33、nowledge than the others.C. To be more independent. D. To become a consultant.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Find out if a rock-climbing course will be offered.B. Plan a rock-climbing trip over spring break.C. Convince the man to take a rock-climbing course with her.D. Find a place to go rock climbing.（分数：
34、7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The college doesnt have any rock-climbing equipment.B. There are no appropriate places for climbing nearby.C. There is no one to teach them how to do it.D. Not very many students are interested in it.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Climbers have the opportunity to be outside and enjoy th
35、e scenery.B. Climbing isnt as expensive as other sports.C. Learning to climb doesnt take a very long time.D. Climbers develop skills useful in other activities.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Increasing upper body strength.B. Discussing popular climbing sites.C. Selecting the necessary equipment.D. Finding
36、a climbing partner.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. She has finished her work.B. She is too exhausted to work.C. Her kids will arrive home after school.D. The man does not ask her to go back to the office.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. It is weird. B. It is convenient.C. It is comfortable. D. It is exhausting.（分数：7
37、.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The woman does not like it.B. It is produced by weird people.C. One can see a lot of strange things in it.D. The man is determined to watch it tonight.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. His boss might ask him to stay up late.B. The woman will record tonights program.C. He may have to prepare
38、 for tomorrows business trip.D. He will be having a meeting with his boss at that time.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Neutral. B. Cautious. C. Favorable. D. Negative.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. It gives us sufficient information. B. It gives misleading information.C. It lets us know the best product. D. It fai
39、ls to convince people.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Advertisers. B. Manufacturers. C. Customers. D. Sellers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：4，分数：84.00)(1).A. They do not know any solution. B. They do not give up drunk driving.C. They do not behave in public places. D. They do not admit being alcohol addi
40、cts.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To stop them from fighting back.B. To thank them for their hospitality.C. To teach them the European lifestyle.D. To relieve their pains and sufferings.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Without intervention they will be a headache to the nation.B. With support they can be brought b
41、ack to a normal life.C. They readily respond to medical treatment.D. They pose a serious threat to social stability.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A10 points. B2 points.C15 points. D5 points.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).AAn essay,
42、BA magazine articleCA poem. DA short story.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).AThey will take one of the six major tests.BThey will be given a pop test.CThey will be required to read a short story in class.DThey will have to write a composition.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage One（分数：21.00）(1).AEliminating the original v
43、egetation from the building site.BMarking the houses in an area similar to one another.CDeciding where a house will be built.DSurrounding a building with wild flowers and plants.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).AThey are changed to make the site more interesting.BThey are expanded to limit the amount of constru
44、ction.CThey are integrated into the design of the building.DThey are removed for construction.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).ABecause many architects studied with Wright.BBecause Wright started the practice of “land-scraping“.CBecause Wright used elements of envelope building.DBecause most of the houses Wrigh
45、t built were made of stone.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage Two（分数：21.00）(1).A. Make everyone work for you. B. Get everyone to help you.C. Let people know you have the final say.D. Keep giving orders to everyone.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Gleason thought his wonderful idea was accepted by the director.B. Gleas
46、on succeeded in hitting upon a wonderful idea.C. Gleason was confident about his work the next day.D. Gleason appreciated the directors way of directing films.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Directing a Film B. The Key to SuccessC. A Wonderful Experience D. Working with Film Stars（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section
47、C(总题数：1，分数：17.00)Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually (36) as science fiction. Hundreds of (37) am published every year and are read by all kinds of people. (38) , some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.I
48、t is often thought that science fiction is fairly new development in (39) , but its (40) can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often (41) with the (42) of mine form of ideal society, a (43) which is still often found in modern stories.(44) . Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into many languages.Modern science fiction writers dont write about men from Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of tech
