1、大学英语六级-19 及答案解析(总分：543.40，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 下岗人员(laid-off personnel)面临一个严肃的问题再就业；2. 下岗人员要改变就业观念，树立坚强信心，重新就业；3. 人们要关心、帮助下岗人员，克服困难，争取胜利。（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Give Up Six Words and Change Your LifeAlfred Korzybski, the father of general semantics,
2、observed that how we talk affects how we handle problems and how we behave. He found that scientists, trained to be specific, handled both personal and laboratory problems better than non-scientists. Non-scientists, then as now, used words loaded with feeling and prejudgment and got into trouble.Cha
3、nging the way we use certain everyday words can actually shift the way we see the world and other people, helps change the emotion-laden attitudes behind the words, and makes us less likely to make inappropriate demands on ourselves and others.There is also a change in the effect on others. Teachers
4、, told that certain students have hidden talents, will help them develop, even if the students were selected blindly by researchers. People act as they think they have been defined, and like it or not, our words play a large part in expressing that definition.In our work, we have found six words tha
5、t are often used in damaging ways: try, always, is, cant, should and everybody. These words are really “families“ of words. Always can be expanded to never, every time. Should is also ought to, must, have to. We use nobody, no one, all, the way we use everybody.Each of these words is linked to the c
6、oncept of time. “Everybody does it“ implies every person always does it. Should reflects a standard adopted in the past, governing how we must always behave. Is implies a permanent characteristic of something or someone, as “she is impossible to deal with.“ Alfred Korzybski called humans “time binde
7、rs“. Facts, opinions and behaviors are learned, repeated and passed on, even though they may not necessarily have been true in the first place. Both Korzybski and S. I. Hayakawa, who is a respected semanticist, caution us against using such “allness“ terms.Yet we do use them, as though by doing so w
8、e could somehow manage the present and future. “With words,“ says Hayakawa in Language in Thought and Action, “we influence and to an enormous extent control.“ “Ill meet you at three Thursday“ is an attempt to make another person-and ourselves -be at a certain place at a certain time. Hayakawa write
9、s, “The future is a specifically human dimension. To a dog, hamburger tomorrow is meaningless. With words we humans impose a certain predictability upon future events.“Similarly, we attempt to control peoples actions and even characteristics with cant, should, everybody and related words. We try thu
10、s to create “reliable“ data, however unrelated it is to the facts.According to Freud, to some mental patients certain words become magical, symbols of whole trains of thought condensed. Seriously ill neurotics maintain some of that magic: “Everybodys against me“ or “I have to do this.“ And nearly al
11、l of us have the same bad habit to a less intense degree.When and where do we begin this pattern of restrictive words and beliefs?According to the late speech expert Wendell Johnson, as adults we are still “using information, attitudes, beliefs, procedures, practices . adapted to an earlier time.“ O
12、ur beliefs, and the words we use to support them and to protect ourselves from change, come from early in our lives. Willis Harman, Ph. D., a futurist at SRI (formerly Stanford Research Institute), maintains that we are all in a way hypnotized from infancy. “We do not perceive ourselves and the worl
13、d about us as they are, but as we have been persuaded to perceive them,“ says Dr. Harman. Research shows that objects and people with some familiar characteristics tend to be perceived by the infant as identical. The newborn cannot distinguish between self and surrounding. When the baby is hungry, e
14、verybody is hungry. Later, any man becomes “Daddy“ and every animal “doggie.“We use such early biases to make life easy, as well as comfortable and familiar. If I adopt the belief as a child that “I am dumb,“ it is easier to act it out continually than to resist it-thus I unconsciously make sure it
15、stays true.Taking each family of words separately, here is what they represent and how to stop using them destructively.Try Benjamin Keller, head of the Los Angeles branch of the Vector Counseling Institute, tells of one desperate young woman: “Her marriage wasnt going well. As she put it, no matter
16、 how hard I try, I just cant clean, cook and work at the same time. She was trying so hard she was constantly tense and exhausted.“ She agreed to stop trying and just do those things the best she could. Without the inner struggle, she found that she could schedule some things, let others go, and acc
17、omplish more.When we switch from try, which anticipates failure, to “do the best I can,“ we do exactly that. We could not have done better, or we would have. Check it out: Consciously delete try from your vocabulary for a month.Always Always and never are our creations. Much more accurate are words
18、that represent gradation, that cover a whole range, such as almost always, many times, frequently, not often, hardly ever.When we believe a person is always faithful, and he proves otherwise, we are hurt. When we believe we will never lose a particular friend, or our money, or a job, and we do, we r
19、espond with grief and resentment. Popular songs, expressing cultural truths, reflect this. “Always and Forever,“ we say. “You Belong to Me“ or “I Cant Smile Without You“ we sing.Is Our use of is, I am in English is virtually unique. In Spanish, separate verbs distinguish temporary from permanent: es
20、tar, to be in a temporary sense, and ser, to be in a permanent sense. So with French and many other languages. But in English, we can only describe a permanent, unalterable condition.A youngster who repeatedly hears how lazy he is tends to agree: “I am lazy.“ Adopted as his own reality, “the way I a
21、m,“ it can become a fact of his life. If I call him lazy (“the way he is“), I will see his actions colored by that judgment. Anger, resentment and rigidity may develop in both of us as a result.Cant Cant carries the same burden of permanence, expressed this time in a negative way, “You cant do anyth
22、ing right,“ say our parents. When we try our hand at algebra or cooking, and dont do well, if we conclude, “I cant do it,“ we tend not to attempt it again. Thus language has done our thinking for us. ff we accept our first-round failure for what it really is - doing the best we can at that moment-we
23、 are much freer to try again. Or by learning to be more precise: “perhaps I cant. with the education, experience, or information I now have,“ we free ourselves to seek out the necessary information, experience or education.Should Notice how you feel when you say, “I should call her,“ or “I must get
24、this done.“ Shoulds are a source of guilt. If the guilt is appropriate, fine. But its a waste to trigger it by using language that reflects other peoples standards that weve rejected.Everybody Perhaps we use everybody, nobody, no one to make things seem better known than they are, or to have our opi
25、nions supported. If “everybody does it“ were safe. Everybody includes too much, and nobody excludes too much. These terms prevent seeing differences between individuals. When we use them, were inaccurate most of the time; we also miss a lot.What can we expect when we change our use of try, always, i
26、s, cant, should and everybody? You will notice no “overnight“ changes but you will definitely be easing yourself into a less dogmatic frame of mind, more open, less demanding - in some ways scarier. Did you mean everybody? Or could it be some people, or many people I know? Is he really that way, or
27、does he seem that way to you, now? Should you really be more (or less) ambitious, or are you judging yourself by someone elses standards? Are all your dates broken, or just the last two?It takes time, and it takes honesty. Try it.No, do it.（分数：10.00）(1).People act as they think they have been define
28、d, and like it or not, our words play a large part in expressing that definition.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).“Should“ implies a permanent characteristic of something or someone.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Common people used words as they like.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Perhaps we use “everybody“, “nobody“, “no one“ to mak
29、e things seem better known than they are.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Alfred Korzybski observed that _ affects how we handle problems and how we behave.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6)._ carries the same burden of permanence, expressed this time in a negative way.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Shoulds are a source of _.（分数：1.00）填空项
30、 1:_(8).According to Freud, to some _ certain words become magical, symbols of whole trains of thought condensed.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).We use such early biases to make life easy, as well as _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).“Always“ and “never“ are our _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Secti
31、on A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)(1).A. Its light-weighted and small. B. It has metal filters.C. It looks like a straw. D. Its large but necessary.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Salt. B. Chemical pollutants.C. Germs. D. Minerals.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The water it draws changes color. B. The straw stops drawing water
32、.C. From the built-in measuring device of it. D. By measuring the amount of water.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. She doesnt know when they will go.B. She believes there is a road detour.C. She wont be ready at 8 oclock.D. She wants the man to go away.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Eating in a cafeteria.B. Buying
33、something in a store.C. Making telephone.D. Getting money at a bank.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Hell go if the woman goes too.B. He doubts if hell be able to go.C. Hes too tired to go.D. Hes eager to go.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Run in town.B. Look more carefully.C. Buy shoes from a catalog.D. Find an eas
34、ier place to exercise.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. In a doctors office.B. In an operating room.C. In a professors office.D. In a gymnasium.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. Hed rather not go to the lecture.B. He doesnt mind if the woman goes to the lecture.C. He wants to hear the lecture.D. Hes heard the lecture b
35、efore.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. There will be a lot of rain.B. Rain is very unlikely.C. Its already raining.D. Shes not sure.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. Joe bought Freds car.B. The man is joking.C. Freds car is not good.D. The man wants Jacks car.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Because it is his wifes birthday to
36、day.B. Because it is their wedding anniversary today.C. Because he wants to surprise his wife.D. Because he wants to apologize to his wife.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. A dozen roses, two dozen balloons and a romantic dinner.B. A dozen roses, a beautiful card and a romantic dinner.C. Two dozen roses, a do
37、zen balloons and a romantic dinner.D. Two dozen roses, a beautiful card and a romantic dinner.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It is in front of the florists. B. It is behind Jacks Restaurant.C. It is opposite to Jacks Restaurant. D. It is next to Susies Bar.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. $ 18. B. $ 19.C. $ 20. D.
38、$ 22.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：4，分数：91.00)Passage Two（分数：21.00）(1).A) Uniform style. C) Speed in reporting news.B) Wide coverage. D) Popularity.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. People are rarely interested in the same kind of news.B. People have different views about what a good newspaper is.C. People
39、 scan for the news they are interested in.D. Different people prefer different newspapers.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. It tries to serve different readers.B. It has to cover things that happen in a certain locality.C. Readers are difficult to please.D. Readers like to read different newspapers.（分数：7.00）A
40、.B.C.D.Passage One（分数：21.00）(1).A. They think exactly the same way.B. They are not physically separated.C. They share most of their vital organs.D. They make decisions by tossing coins.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Few of them can live long.B. Most of them live a normal life.C. Few of them get along well
41、with each other.D. Most Of them differ in their likes and dislikes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They have a private tutor. B. They go to a regular school.C. They attend a special school. D. They are taught by their parents.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage Two（分数：21.00）(1).A. They have nothing to do with each oth
42、er. B. They have something to do with each otherC. They help each other in a way. D. They depend on each other.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Other living things change their environment while man doesn t.B. Man alters his environment while he is adapted to it, but other living things do not.C. Other livin
43、g things is not only adapted to their environment but also alters it.D. Man is only adapted to the environment but he doesn t alter it.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The relationship between man and his environment.B. The relationship between living things and their environment.C. The relationship between
44、man and living things.D. The relationship between man s brain and other living things.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage Three（分数：28.00）(1).A. Simple names of hurricanes always have simple meanings.B. To give a hurricane a name requires a long and difficult process.C. Naming a hurricane is not so easy as the
45、name itself seems.D. Hurricanes have simple names for people to memorize them.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The name of the person who measures the hurricane.B. The day when the hurricane occurs.C. The city the hurricane strikes.D. The position where the hurricane happens.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Wow Meter
46、s Online. B. Water Management Ocean.C. World Meteorological Organization. D. Washington Mutual Office.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. People will build a monument with its name carved.B. People will discuss whether to use its name again.C. Early warning system will be set up in the stricken area.D. Annual c
47、eremony will be held to memorize the victims.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a (36) from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the (37) or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to
48、act without thinking; they try to find a solution by (38) and error. However, when all these (39) fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six (40) in analyzing a problem.First, the person must (41) that there is a problem. For example, Sams bicycle is (42) , and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle. Next, the thinker must (43) the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find the reas
