1、大学英语六级-170 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)“Government takeover!“ So yelled the many critics of President Barack Obama“s health care reform bill. But in their focus on the main event, Republicans seem to have all but ignored another part of the legislation that more precisely fits their rhetoric (浮夸之词).
2、In addition to securing the President a victory on health care, the House bill took him one step closer to delivering on a promise to reform the college-student-loan system. If a final piece of legislation before the Senate is approved, millions of students will get their federal loans directly from
3、 the Department of Education. In other words, the federal government would sweep aside private competitors in the biggest change to the federal student-loan program since its creation in 1965. It“s a legitimate government takeover. So where“s all that outrage now? The thing is, the government alread
4、y runs much of the student-loan industry. For decades under the Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program, the government has handed out subsidies to large banks and companies like Sallie Mae that lend money to student borrowers and collect it from them. In addition, the federal government has be
5、en obligated to cover up to 97% of any defaulted loan, effectively eliminating risk for lenders. Figuring that money could be saved by cutting out the middleman, Congress created the Direct Loan programin which money goes from the Education Department to studentin 1993. The programs have been in com
6、petition with each other since then. Until now, gone will be the subsidies, and gone will be the FFEL program. As of July 1, all new student loans will go through the Direct Loan program. The savingsan estimated $61 billion over 10 yearswill be used to shore up and increase the need-based Pell Grant
7、 program by $36 billion and invest in community colleges. While the Administration has reason enough to crow about the proposed measures, it has had to scale back some of its bigger plans. An earlier version of the bill would have invested an additional $20 billion and offered even more substantial
8、financial-aid increases. As it stands, $13.5 billion will be used to stem Pell Grant shortfalls resulting from the increased number of students forced back to college by the ailing (不景气的) economy. And a plan to raise the maximum Pell amount to almost $7000 per year by 2020 has been replaced with one
9、 that maxes out at about $6000. With his first major piece of education legislation out of the way, Obama will likely move on to K-12 matters later this year as he attempts to rework the unpopular No Child Left Behind law. But before then, members of Congress (and America“s students) are going on sp
10、ring break.（分数：25.00）(1).How will the federal government reform the college-student-loan system?（分数：5.00）A.It will secure the President a victory on it.B.It will allow college students to get loans directly from the Department of Education.C.It will deliver on a promise to reform the college-student
11、-loan system.D.It will allow college students to get loans directly from private competitors.(2).Under the FFEL program, student borrowers get loans from _.（分数：5.00）A.the Department of EducationB.large banks and companiesC.the federal student-loan programD.the Direct Loan program(3).According to the
12、 second paragraph, loan lenders are safe because _.（分数：5.00）A.the universities are supposed to pay off the debtB.students“ parents are supposed to pay off the debtC.the Department of Education is supposed to pay off the debtD.the federal government is supposed to pay off the debt(4).What will $13.5
13、billion be invested in?（分数：5.00）A.Funding community colleges.B.Raising the Pell Grant amount.C.Financing bigger plans.D.Replacing the Pell Grant amount.(5).What will Obama do according to the last paragraph?（分数：5.00）A.He will approve the No Child Left Behind law.B.He will move on to other education
14、programs.C.He will allow the members of Congress to go on spring break.D.He will allow American students to go on spring break.We are what we eat, and now researchers are saying that our diet affects how we sleep. A study, published in the journal Appetite , found differences in the diets of people
15、who slept for seven to eight hours a night compared with those snoozing for five. Since less sleep is associated with high blood pressure, poorer blood-glucose control (increasing the risk of diabetes) and obesity (as is more sleep in some studies), shouldn“t we eat the foods that are most likely to
16、 help us sleep a healthy amount? And does anyone know what foods these are? The study in Appetite used data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and found that those who slept the standard seven to eight hours ate the greatest variety of foods. Those who slept the least (less
17、 than five hours) drank less water, took in less vitamin C, had less selenium (硒) (found in nuts, meat and shellfish) but ate more green, leafy vegetables. Longer sleep was associated with more carbohydrates, alcohol and less choline (胆碱) (found in eggs and fatty meats) and less theorbomine (茶碱) (fo
18、und in chocolate and tea). The researchers took into account other factors such as obesity, physical activity and income, and still found these differences in diet. They concluded that both long (nine hours-plus) and short sleep are associated with less varied diets but say they don“t know if changi
19、ng diet would affect how long we sleep for. The study shows only an association, although the link with short and long sleep both being “unhealthy“ holds true with a 2011 review of evidence about the length of sleep and risk of heart disease. The evidence on what diet would help us sleep best isn“t
20、clear. It is also not evident how much individual preferences for sleepsome like to sleep longer than othersaffect these results. But there is more research on the relationship between sleep and weight, with studies showing the shorter the amount of sleep a person has, the hungrier they feel. A Germ
21、an study presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Ingestive (摄食的) Behaviour last year showed that after just one night of sleep disruption the volunteers in the study were less energetic (so used up fewer calories) but hungrier. The researchers said their volunteers also had r
22、aised blood levels of ghrelin (胃饥饿素), a hormone linked to the feeling of hunger. A commentary a few months later in the Journal of the Canadian Medical Association backed this association, saying that while encouraging a weight-loss regime of eating less, moving more and sleeping more might be too s
23、implistic, diets were helped by good amounts of high quality sleep. So while no one knows what foods will stop you waking up at 5 am, you won“t go wrong with a more varied diet and a sensible bedtime.（分数：25.00）(1).What can we learn from the first paragraph?（分数：5.00）A.Our diet affects out health both
24、 directly and indirectly.B.Our sleep seriously impacts on our appetite.C.No disease is linked to the length of sleep.D.The length of sleep decides the quality of life.(2).What can we learn from the second paragraph?（分数：5.00）A.A person“s food variety is linked to the length of sleep.B.Chocolate and t
25、ea can keep people awake.C.Selenium helps improve people“s appetite.D.Green and leafy vegetables make people sleep less.(3).What does the 2011 review indicate?（分数：5.00）A.Longer sleep increases the risk of heart disease.B.Changing diet can deprive us of a sound sleep.C.Both short and long sleep are c
26、onsidered unhealthy.D.More evidence needs to be collected for the study of sleep.(4).According to the fourth paragraph, it is clear that _.（分数：5.00）A.individual preferences for sleep affect the choice of foodB.certain types of food make people calm and fall asleep easilyC.sleep slows down people“s d
27、igestion of foodD.less sleep possibly makes people eat more food(5).What does the German study find?（分数：5.00）A.People burn their energy faster at night.B.Sleep deprivation causes a high level of ghrelin.C.People have a better appetite deep at night.D.Good sleep helps people to lose weight.When it co
28、mes to what makes us happy at work, job-satisfaction surveys have been showing for years that the size of our paycheck is losing ground to intangibles like autonomy, mobility, low stress, flexible hours, job security, health coverage, paid time off and other benefits. Does pay matter? Of course it d
29、oes. But as emerging markets have gained ground on the US economically, American workers have begun to come to grips with what that means: in many cases, finding a standard of living that is slipping relative to other nations, and saying bye-bye to generous and automatic pay raises across industries
30、. The recession has only deepened this trend. Workers who are elated (欢欣鼓舞的) to simply have a job aren“t complaining about money, and according to a survey, they now name job security and benefits among the top factors in their happiness. Competitive pay is moving down the scale. The massive boomer
31、generation is entering its retirement years and in need of continued employment. Yet boomers are determined to scale back hours and stress, and some at least are happy to trade a big salary for work with meaning and which allows for a better work-life balance, so long as the bills still get paid. Am
32、erica remains a land of opportunity and will continue to reward go-getters (实干家) chasing dreams of wealth. But increasingly, our job market will also reward those who place a higher value on intangibles, and it will do so without relegating (降低的地位) those people to a life of need. Certainly, jobs are
33、 scarce. Our economy has been shedding more than half a million positions a month. Yet even now there are pockets of employment, both for new grads and middle-aged reinventing themselves, that offer decent pay with great benefits and security. Where are these jobs? Think green technologies, which ma
34、y be at the root of the next economic boom. Think government, which under President Obama is getting bigger. Think education, which is in more demand than ever thanks to the arrival of boomer grandchildren and millions of workers in need of retraining. Think infrastructure, where much of the Preside
35、nt“s nearly $800 billion stimulus effort will be focused. Think about risk assessment and controls in a financial system. Think health care, which is booming as boomers grow fitfully into old age. Many such fields present opportunity now, and because they pay well above the median annual US salary o
36、f $32390, it is good to be a part of them, even in a recovery.（分数：25.00）(1).The phrase “losing ground to“ (Line 2, Para. 1) means _.（分数：5.00）A.becoming more important thanB.becoming less successful thanC.competing withD.coming under fire from(2).Why are there no big or automatic pay raises?（分数：5.00）
37、A.The US has been in an economic recession.B.Living standards are slipping relative to other nations.C.Workers are not complaining about salary.D.Emerging markets have become more successful in the US.(3).Being in recession, people _.（分数：5.00）A.view the salary as the most important thingB.attach les
38、s importance to the salary than beforeC.do not care about the salary at allD.increasingly look down upon the salary(4).What can we know from the third paragraph?（分数：5.00）A.People who care about intangibles also get rewarded.B.It“s hard for us to find job opportunities in today“s America.C.People can
39、not pursue their dreams in America any more.D.There are more jobs in the American job market.(5).What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?（分数：5.00）A.People should try harder to find jobs.B.There are still a lot of job opportunities.C.People should think twice before taking a job.D.T
40、here are many people in need of training.People receive their news from many sources these dayspapers, television, web, mobiles. And now, rubbish bins. Renew, a company co-founded in 2002 by chief executive Kaveh Memari, has developed a newspaper recycling bin which doubles as an open-air informatio
41、n screen. It has placed nearly 100 of the hi-tech bins around the City of London under a 21-year contract with the authority. The binsor techno-pods as Memari refers to themare made of damage-resistant fibreglass with screens at either end which can relay anything from news to advertisements to info
42、rmation on London underground delays or the number of Boris bikes available in the vicinity. A team of journalists provide the news feed, with other content coming from magazines like The Economist . A group of software developerswhat Memari calls the Geek Squadoperate from Athens. The initial impet
43、us for the bins came from the City of London authorities, with the capital littered with discarded free newspapers and Brussels putting pressure on for it missing recycling targets. Memari said: “We de-risked it for the City, they don“t pay for the service and the only risk for them is reputational
44、if things go wrong. “ The company had hoped to have 100 pods200 screensin place by the time of the Olympics, but that target slipped and was finally reached in November. But with the City getting the service for free, how does Renew propose to make money? Memari talks of several revenue streams: adv
45、ertising, finding a major company to sponsor the pods, attracting publishers, talking to film studios, and even telecoms companies about using its wired connections to carry data services or conversations. “We have killed the idea it“s a grotty (肮脏的) place for advertisers and publishers to put their
46、 messages. We are also talking to seven major film studios and they are very interested in the possibilities.“ Memari believes studios could film special scenes to be shown on the screens, linked to major movies in what is effectively a viral marketing campaign. The pods can also be used for emergen
47、cy messages, with one recent test showing an alert reaching the system just three minutes after being received at the control room. Now the pods are in place. Renew has begun its real push to advertisers and media, with marketing campaigns under way for a number of businesses including CNBC, Qatari
48、Islamic Bank, and Wallpaper, as well as a couple of charities which have been given free or heavily discounted airtime. Renew has raised 4 million in total from investors so far, mainly high net-worth individuals including one Premier League and England footballer. “We went to all the high street ba
49、nks, but nothing,“ said Memari. It will need further funds as it expands overseas.（分数：25.00）(1).What is the most important feature of the new product of Renew?（分数：5.00）A.It can recycle waste by using a new technology.B.It can be used to relay open-air information.C.It can be used as an entertainment device.D.It delivers advertisements to passersby.(2).What can we learn about the techno-pods?（分数：5.00）A.They are dustbins equipped with screens on all sides.B.The screens on the dustbins are very fragile.C.The information on the screens is provided by magazi
