1、大学四级-1932 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.幽默能体现个性。2. 幽默有益于身心健康。3. 幽默能融洽与他人的关系。Why a Sense of Humor Is Important_（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)For questions 1-4, markY ( for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N(for NO)
2、if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG ( for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5- 10, complete the sentences by either making the best choice or filling in the blank with the information given in the passage.The Sense That Shapes Ou
3、r FutureWhen he puts his three-year-old daughter to bed at night, psychologist Michael Meaney gives her an extra hug. His animal research suggests that caresses (爱抚) in early youth may lead in adulthood to healthier brain cells, clearer memories and fewer problems from aging.Premature babies fill ro
4、ws of incubators (安置早产儿的恒温箱) in a city hospital. All receive the same food, but those who are massaged daily show greater weight gain and mental development than preemies (早产儿) who arent.Shoppers in a supermarket are asked to sample a new brand of pizza. Those who are touched for a fraction of a sec
5、ond during the sales pitch are more likely to buy the new product.Touch is the first sense we develop, and we acquire it before birth. We could not live without it. Imagine being unable to sense the danger of scalding (滚烫的) water or to feel our way down a dark stairway. We tend to think of sight as
6、our most important sense, yet we close our eyes in sleep for a third of each day. Touch never blinks, never turns off its awareness of the world around us.Scientists have now discovered that touch also shapes our minds and health. Dr. Saul Schanberg, professor of pharmacology (药理学) and biological ps
7、ychiatry (神经病学) at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, studied baby rats. He found that when separated from their mother for as little as 45 minutes they underwent major internal changes. Their level of growth hormone (荷尔蒙) and of a key enzyme (酶) dropped sharply, but came back to normal soon
8、 after their mother returned to the nest. The lack of touch from the mothers licking triggered these biochemical changes, but firmly stroking the newborns with a moist paintbrush restored them to normal.In collaboration with Scanberg, researchers at the University of Miami Medical Schools Touch Rese
9、arch Institute, directed by psychologist Tiffany Field, began giving premature babies 45 minutes of massage each day. Common wisdom had held that these infants should be kept in an isolated, womblike environment, that touch would stress them and impair their chances for survival. Nevertheless, Field
10、 and her co-workers gave 20 stabilized preemies three 15-minute periods of slow, firm massage strokes and limb movements.Within ten days the massaged babies showed 47-percent greater weight gain than their ward- mates, as well as improved sleep, alertness and activity. Up to eight months later they
11、displayed greater mental and physical skills. Most dramatically, the massaged preemies were able to leave the costly critical-care unit an average of six days earlier than preemies not massaged. Field explains that touch stimulates certain hormones that emerge naturally in full-term babies, includin
12、g those that facilitate food absorption.According to Dr. Ronald Barr of Montreals Childrens Hospital, some infants are held only about two to three hours each day by their mothers, compared with some African tribal cultures in which babies are handled or carried by their mothers up to 90 percent of
13、the time. Adds nursing professor Kathryn Barnard, “About 80 percent of a babys communication is done through body movement, and skin-to-skin contact makes it easier for a mother to read that communication. “ The more a mother holds her baby, the more aware she is of the babys needs.Touching serves p
14、urposes beyond giving comfort and security. Scientists have discovered that when babies put a rattle or toy in their mouths they are doing more than just trying to taste. They are using their lips and tongue, among the most sensitive regions of touch, to confirm and refine what their eyes see. Confi
15、rming the distance, shape and hardness of their surroundings with touch helps them to develop other senses such as sight.Even as adults we rarely accept the notion that “ seeing is believing. “ Instead we speak of preferring things that we can “get a grip on,“ that are “tangible.“ The world we perce
16、ive through touch differs from what our eyes see. Put on a blindfold and have a friend touch cookie cutters of different shapes against your skin; the average person will recognize the shape less than half the time. But if you are allowed to touch each cookie cutter with your finger, recognition jum
17、ps to 95-percent accuracy.More touching may take place in preschool or kindergarten than during any other period. Touching is lowest in the early to mid teens, but, late in high school or early in college, most people begin touching members of the opposite sex, a pattern that grows more intense unti
18、l marriage. “When weve studied couples in public places,“ says University of Missouri psychology professor Frank Willis, Jr., “ we observed that before marriage the man initiates touching with the woman. After marriage, its always the woman who touches the man first. “Generally, successful and self-
19、confident people feel freer to touch others than shy, unsure ones. In daily life women use and accept touching far more than men do, and are more sensitive to touch everywhere from their fingertips to their toes. Men, who tend to perceive uninvited touch as a sign of dominance and of their own vulne
20、rability, more often react to touch with tension.Some touch messages may be easily misinterpreted. A brief touch on the shoulder, elbow or hand is usually friendly. But when someone of the opposite sex touches you, does it convey friendliness, a come-on or harassment (骚扰) ? A lingering touch on the
21、hand, face or neck is likely something more. A pat on the head can be patronizing, conveying “I am the adult, you the child. “Even when unnoticed, touch exerts a powerful psychological impact. Willis found that when shoppers were solicited (恳求) to try a sample of pizza or when passers-by were asked
22、to sign a petition (请愿书) , many more complied (依从) when given a slight touch lasting a fraction of a second. Other researchers have found that a momentary touch gains bigger tips for waitresses. Says Willis, “ New research into our nonverbal behavior reflects what successful salespeople have long kn
23、own: A light, inconspicuous touch can often persuade customers that you are familiar and a friend. “In hospitalized patients, the caring touch of nurses and loved ones can relieve anxiety and tension headaches. Touch can sometimes reduce rapid heartbeat and heart arrhythmia (心律不齐 ).“Human contact ma
24、kes people feel better, more comfortable and secure,“ says registered nurse Rita King. “More than that, it has a placebo (安慰剂) effect. When patients feel theyre in good caring hands, they heal faster. /（分数：70.00）(1).Psychologist Michael Meaney has learnt from his own experience as a parent that care
25、sses in early youth are good for the growth of brain cells and mental capacity in adulthood.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Contrary to the popular belief that premature babies should be kept in an isolated, womblike environment, periods of slow, firm massage strokes and limb movements may give them a better ch
26、ance to survive.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Massaging has almost become a routine treatment to preemies - premature babies - in hospital since more and more scientists claim that massaged babies gain more weight and have improved sleep and alertness.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Touching not only serves to give babie
27、s the feeling of comfort and security but also helps them to develop the senses of sight and taste.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).The author asserts in this article that the world we perceive through touching is different from what our eyes see, and the sense of touching can help increase_.A. affection in a ge
28、neral way B. sensitiveness towards things aroundC. accuracy in recognition to a large extent D. our instant physical responses（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).After careful observations, psychologists find that men are more sensitive to uninvited touch from the opposite sex: They tend to regard it _.A. as a sig
29、n of dominance B. as a sign of their own vulnerabilityC. as a sign of invitation D. A and B（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7)._ know much better than researchers about the powerful psychological effect of a touch on customers.A. Exceptional psychologists B. Experienced PR expertsC. Successful salespersons D. Up-s
30、tart entrepreneurs（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).Some scientists explain that touching gives premature babies a better chance to survive because it_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).It is the sense of _ that we first acquire and develop, and it tends to shape _ all the way.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Comparatively speaking, _ pe
31、ople would feel freer to touch others.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. To a restaurant. B. To a hotel.C. To a hospital. D. To a store.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Weights and measures. B. The government.C. The cost of living. D. Science classes.（分数：7.0
32、0）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She has bought a new one. B. She has none at present.C. She has only an old one. D. Her sister has given her one.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Leather gloves always serve as good gifts.B. Their niece already has a pair of leather gloves.C. Only one size will fit.D. The gloves are all the
33、same size.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. In a library. B. In a restaurant.C. In a hospital. D. In a drugstore.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. A good presentation needs a lot of preparation.B. The presentation was very good.C. He can always turn to her for help.D. He should get some sleep.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Sh
34、e did not like all the rain. B. The rain is good for the crops.C. Part of each day was clear. D. She hopes the drought is over.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. In New York City. B. In his sisters home.C. In Greece. D. On a plane.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just
35、heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. A bank teller and a patron. B. An accounts manager and a customer.C. A sales clerk and a shopper. D. A stock broker and a client.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. She thinks it makes good sense.B. She thinks its unreasonable.C. She thinks it should have been implemented sooner.D. She th
36、inks its good business.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Take her business someplace else. B. Talk to the manager.C. Change her purchases. D. Open an account.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. At the universitys main library. B. At the gradua
37、te school library.C. At the county public library. D. At the citys largest private library.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To choose a topic for a term paper.B. To type some research materials.C. To find material not available in the main library.D. To learn to use the computers there.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A
38、. An analysis of early presidential elections.B. A comparison of political journals.C. The use of computers in calculating election results.D. The impact of television on recent presidential elections.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Travel to that library to get it. B. Pay to use it.C. Read it in the gradua
39、te school library. D. Order the material from the publisher.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. How many poor people there were in his town.B. Whether the poor people really needed his help.C. If the
40、people of the town were worthy of his help.D. Who was willing to do a seemingly thankless job.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. A very large stone. B. A cow.C. A big tree. D. A sack of rice.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Most people passed around without complaining.B. Most people tried to move the stone away.C. Mos
41、t people did nothing but complaining.D. Most people fell against the stone.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. A bag of money. B. An envelope.C. A cheque. D. Both A and B.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Animals lived in cages made of c
42、oncrete with iron bars.B. Animals lived in natural environments.C. Streams of water flew through the cages.D. Several species of animals lived together.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Because the zoo keeper did not take good care of them.B. Because the animals were not fed well.C. Because the environment wa
43、s anything but natural.D. Because the cages were too dirty.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Animals live in more natural environments.B. Trees and grass grow in the cages.C. A deep ditch filled with water surrounds the area where animals live.D. All of the above.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to
44、35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. He earned $100,000 a week.B. He used to have nightmares.C. All actors care very much about the audiences response.D. We all need genuine appreciation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Praise and encouragement.B. Laughter and clapping.C. To be pr
45、aised and to learn how to praise.D. To love and to be loved.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They are young and sensitive.B. They particularly care about the parents appreciation. C. Lack of kindly appreciation might affect the growth of childrens character.D. Lack of timely encouragement might make children
46、 lose self-confidence.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)American society is not nap-friendly. In fact, theres even a (36) against admitting we need sleep. Nobody wants to be caught napping or found asleep at the switch. To quote an (37) proverb: “Some sleep five hours, nature requires seve
47、n, laziness nine and (38) eleven. “Wrong. The way not to fall asleep at the switch is to take naps when you need them. “We have to (39) change our attitude toward napping,“ says Dr. William Dement of Stanford University, the (40) of sleep research.Last year a national commission led by Dement (41) .
48、 an “ American sleep debt,“ which one member said was as important as the national debt. The commission was concerned about the dangers of (42) : people causing industrial accidents or falling asleep while driving.About 60 percent of American (43) nap when given the opportunity. (44) .Clearly, we were born to nap.(45) particularly if youre supposed to be doing something else. And, we should all note, (46) （分数：77.00）(1).American society is not nap-friendly. In fact, theres even a (36) against admitting we need sleep. Nobody
