1、大学四级-1928 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.使用信用卡已经成为一种新的消费方式2. 使用信用卡的利弊3. 我的看法（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)With parents living routinely into their 90s, a second round of caregiving has become a predictable crisis for women in midlife. Nearly 50 million
2、Americans are taking care of an adult who used to be independent. Yes, men represent about one third of family caregivers, but their participation is often at a distance and administrative. Women do most of the hands-on care. The average family caregiver today is a 48-year-old woman who still has at
3、 least one child at home and holds down a paying job.It starts with The Call. Its a call about a fall. Your mom has had a stroke. Or its a call about your dad-hes run a red light and hit someone, again, but how are you ever going to persuade him to stop driving?When that call came to me, I froze. Th
4、e shock plunges you into great fear, denial, and even crazy action. You search out doctors. They dont agree on the diagnosis. You google the Internet. The side effects scare you. You call your brother or sister, hoping for help.It begins to dawn on you that your life is also radically changing. This
5、 is a caregiving role that nobody applies for. You dont expect it. You arent trained for it. And, of course, you wont be paid for it. You probably wont even identify yourself as a caregiver. So many women tell me, “Its just what we do.“There are many rewards in giving back to a loved one. And the sh
6、ort-term stress of mobilizing (动员 起来) against the initial crisis stimulates the bodys positive responses. But this role is not a sprint (冲刺). It usually turns into a marathon, averaging almost five years. Demands intensify. Half of family caregivers work full time. Attention deficit is constant. But
7、 most solitary caregivers who call hotlines like Family Caregiver Alliance wait until the third or fourth year before sending out the desperate cry: “I cant do this anymore!“The caregiver becomes exhausted, but cant sleep. Lasting stress turns on a steady flow of cortisol (皮 质醇). Too much cortisol s
8、huts down the immune-cell response, leaving one less able to ward off infection. Many recent clinical studies show that long-term caregivers are at high risk for sleep loss, immune-system deficiency, depression, anxiety, and loss of concentration.Sick elders seldom say thank you. On the contrary, th
9、ey often put up fierce resistance to the caregivers efforts. “A major component of psychological stress that promotes later physical illness is not being appreciated for ones devoted work“ explains Dr. Esther Sternberg, a stress researcher and author of The Balance Within: The Science Connecting Hea
10、lth and Emotions. She places caregivers at the same risk for exhaustion as nurses, teachers, and air-traffic controllers.Once the caregiver gets so stressed out emotionally that her own health declines, she can no longer provide the care. The only option left is to place the family member in a nursi
11、ng home-the last choice of everybody, the most expensive for taxpayers, and guaranteed to leave the caregiver burdened with guilt.It doesnt have to be this way. From hundreds of interviews with caregivers and my own experience of 17 years in the role, I can suggest some survival strategies:Ideally,
12、have the conversation with your brothers and sisters before the crisis with Mom and Dad. Make it clear that you cannot do this alone. If the crisis is already upon you, hold a family meeting-in person-but dont set yourself up as the boss. Ask a neutral professional-your parents primary doctor or a s
13、ocial-worker-to act as mediator (调解人). Everyone will be informed of the diagnosis and care plan at the same time. Ask your brothers and sisters to come prepared with “What I can do best.“ One may contribute money, another has more free time. Everyone has to feel valued.Download a free Internet-based
14、 care calendar that is totally private and can function as the familys secretary, coordinating dates and tasks to be shared.Join a support group. Learn from veteran caregivers, who are eager to offer practical solutions and know out of instinct what you need emotionally. Regular exercise is vital to
15、 prepare the body for more refreshing sleep. Ask for appointments for your physical examinations or tests at the same time and place where you take your family member.You must take at least one hour a day-but every day-to do something that gives you pleasure and refreshment. Take a swim. Call a frie
16、nd for coffee. Window-shop. Try a yoga class. All this allows your nervous system to reset.You will also need longer breaks every few months. Gall your local Area Agency on Aging and ask where you can take your family member for a rest. Rehab (康复) facilities often have some beds for the purpose. Und
17、er Medicaid (医疗补助制度), the caregiver is entitled to three or four days away every 90 days.When it becomes clear that your loved one does not have long to live, the caregiver who survives must begin the effort of coming back to life. There is danger in remaining so attached to your declining loved one
18、 that you lose your “self.“This is the time to refill your emotional attachments (喜好). Reach out for old friends, grandchildren. Take a class at the local community college. Join a book club or a baseball league. Meeting new people is a natural remedy to late-stage caregiving. New attachments are a
19、bridge to your new life.（分数：70.00）(1).Who is the passage mainly written for?A. The middle-aged male caregivers.B. The middle-aged female caregivers.C. The middle-aged people who have loved ones dying.D. Working people who have children and elders to care for.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What does the word “
20、hands-on“ (Line 4, Para. 1) most probably mean?A) Practical. C) Considerate.B) Emotional.D) Administrative.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the author mean by “It starts with The Call“ (Line 1, Para. 2)?A. A phone call will always bring bad news.B. A phone call will cause a series of troubles.C. Your
21、life will be changed by The Call.D. You dont expect to receive such a call.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).By “marathon, the author means that the role of caregiving can last as long as an average of _. A) three yearsC) five yearsB) four years D) six years（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to Dr. Esther Sternberg,
22、 one main reason that caregivers have physical illness is that _. A. they have no one to ask for helpB. they are not willing to care for the eldersC. their efforts are not appreciated by othersD. they have to deal with stress both from work and life（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).According to the passage, if t
23、he caregiver cannot provide care anymore, the only choice is to _. A. ask the other family members to do the caringB. put the elders in a nursing homeC. hire a nurse to help with the caringD. turn to a support group for a solution（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).According to the writer, what is the main purpose
24、 of holding a family meeting?A. To inform every member about the crisis.B. To collect money for the medical care.C. To involve every family member in the coming caring.D. To find the best way to deal with the crisis.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8)._ is important to caregivers in that it can prepare the body fo
25、r more refreshing sleep.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).The writer suggests that caregivers should take some time a day to do something that gives them _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).If the elder doesnt have long to live, the writer advises that the caregiver should make effort to find herself and to _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_
26、三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. He doesnt want help from the police.B. He intends to solve the problem by himself.C. He doesnt know any good police officers.D. He doesnt think the police can be of any help.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. A sweater.B. Shoes.C. A shirt. D
27、. Gloves.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Because she thinks the man is kidding.B. Because she wants to go on a picnic next week.C. Because she has to prepare for her final exams.D. Because she is not prepared for a picnic with the man.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. The man forgot his appointment with the doctor.B.
28、 The man remembered wrongly about the appointment date.C. The man asked the woman to remind him of the appointment.D. The woman called to confirm the mans appointment.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. He doesnt know how to make a good presentation.B. He will discuss his presentation with his professor.C. He w
29、ill ask his classmates to discuss his presentation.D. He will decide what to do according to what happens in class.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. For a month. B. For halfa month.C. For two months.D. For a month and a half.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Because smoking is harmful to the mans health.B. Because smok
30、ing is harmful to childrens health.C. Because the man has set a bad example for the children.D. Because the man should find other pleasures in his life.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The book bag is too expensive.B. The woman shouldnt buy a new bag.C. He has no money to lend to the woman.D. He cant give an
31、y advice to the woman.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. In a restaurant. B. In a hotel.C. At the airport. D. At a travel agency.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. He used another name to reserve. B. He forgot to identify the date.C. His name
32、was wrongly spelt. D. His reservation was neglected.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. 200 dollars. B. 215 dollars.C. 220 dollars. D. 230 dollars.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. Their favorite food. B. Their interests and favorites.C. Their
33、 favorite restaurants. D. Their favorite music.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Because he doesnt have time for concerts.B. Because he doesnt like music very much.C. Because he prefers to enjoy music at a club.D. Because he thinks going to concerts is expensive.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. American food. B. Japan
34、ese food.C. Indian food. D. Mexican food.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. They dont agree on anything.B. They dont see each other often.C. They will try to reach an agreement.D. Their eyesights are not good enough.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the pass
35、age you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. One in every five human beings can speak English.B. More than three-quarters of the worlds books are in English.C. Three in four of the international mails are in English.D. English is the second most widely used language in the planet.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A.
36、 “here are eggs in eggplant.B. Sweet breads are candy.C. A fat chance is the same as a slim chance.D. Quite a lot and quite a few are opposites.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Madness. B. Humor. C. Variety. D. Creativity.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just h
37、eard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Because the mother supports climate experts idea.B. Because the mothers habits help reduce carbon emission.C. Because the mothers ideas were neglected by their children.D. Because the mother was influenced by the energy crisis in the 1970s.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Turning offthe
38、 lights when you leave a room.B. Passing a new national law on climate change.C. Using low-flow showerheads in the bathroom.D. Driving more efficient cars to the office.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. To persuade children to follow their mothers suggestions in saving energy.B. To urge the politicians to pas
39、s a law on climate change as soon as possible.C. To persuade people to shape energy-saving habits at home.D. To remind people not to forget the energy crisis in the 1970s.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. The leader of the
40、civil rights movements.B. The mother of the civil rights movements.C. The mother of the equal rights movements.D. The representative of African-Americans.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Because the first four rows were filled up.B. Because she preferred the fifth floor.C. Because it was the first row Africa
41、n-Americans were allowed to sit in.D. Because her friends had already sat in this row.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Because she was too tired to stand up.B. Because she hated being treated unequally.C. Because she didnt get what the bus driver meant.D. Because she would get off the bus at the next stop.（分
42、数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Rosa Parks was released soon.B. It was the longest boycott ever.C. African-Americans got equal rights with white people.D. Racial separation on public transportation was made illegal.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Statistics show that currently there are about 5.5
43、million Western medicine doctors in China, (36) with only 400,000 traditional Chinese medicine doctors. These findings have led some analysts to (37) that traditional Chinese medicine could be (38) edged out within 50 years.Reacting to the (39) , the Peoples Daily published a commentary, (40) for mo
44、re talent to (41) the Chinese medicine heritage (遗产).The author points out that in some medical colleges, courses on traditional Chinese medicine only (42) for 30 percent of the subjects on (43) ; the other subjects are Western medicine, English or computer technology. (44) . Courses could be arrang
45、ed to attach more importance to Chinese medicine.The author also points out that low rewards for Chinese medical practitioners (从业者) is another reason why young talent are reluctant to enter the field. The author said that most operations using Chinese medicine cost less than Western medicine, (45)
46、.In this regard, the author suggested that the current educational system should be reformed, and the importance of Chinese medicine should be stressed, especially to the young, (46) .（分数：77.00）(1).Statistics show that currently there are about 5.5 million Western medicine doctors in China, (36) wit
47、h only 400,000 traditional Chinese medicine doctors. These findings have led some analysts to (37) that traditional Chinese medicine could be (38) edged out within 50 years.Reacting to the (39) , the Peoples Daily published a commentary, (40) for more talent to (41) the Chinese medicine heritage (遗产
48、).The author points out that in some medical colleges, courses on traditional Chinese medicine only (42) for 30 percent of the subjects on (43) ; the other subjects are Western medicine, English or computer technology. (44) . Courses could be arranged to attach more importance to Chinese medicine.Th
49、e author also points out that low rewards for Chinese medical practitioners (从业者) is another reason why young talent are reluctant to enter the field. The author said that most operations using Chinese medicine cost less than Western medicine, (45) .In this regard, the author suggested that the current educational system should be reformed, and the importance of Chinese medicine
