1、大学四级-1917 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Does a Student Need Private Tutoring? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 根据调查，目前在全国的大城市中有大约 80%的中学生
2、都有私人家教；2. 分析中学生请家教的利弊；3. 你的看法。Does a Student Need Private Tutoring?（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Shut-Ins in JapanAkiko Abe has barely seen her 25-year-old son in six years, yet they live in the same small house. He leaves his room only when hes sure his parents are out or asleep,
3、she said. She can tell when he has used the kitchen, and she knows he goes to the living room to watch television and use the computer at night.She has waited patiently for him to tire of his isolation, sometimes standing outside his door and talking, to herself as much as to him. But, afraid that m
4、any more years would pass like this, she finally approached an organization that works with shut-ins by making home visits. “It will be difficult, because he wont open his door,“ she said quietly.As many as a million Japanesemost of them young menare considered shut-ins, either literally cloistered(
5、隐居)in their rooms or refusing to work and avoiding all social con tact for periods ranging from six months to more than 10 years. Forty-one percent live reclusively for one to five years, according to a government survey. Some shut-ins suffer from such illnesses as depression, agoraphobia(陌生环境恐惧症)or
6、 schizophrenia(精神分裂症). But experts say the vast majority shut themselves up at home for six months or more without showing any other signs of neurological or psychiatric disorder. The seriousness of the problem has increased dramatically over the past decade as Japans economy has slid into recession
7、, bringing record unemployment rates and little job security as companies restructure or go bankrupt.Psychologists and other mental health experts here say that Japan has the biggest problem of this type in the world, and that it is growing. They give a long list of reasons why young men are droppin
8、g out of society, including a declining birth rate, which means there are more families with only one son on whom they place all their hopes in this patrilineal (父系的) society. Also, boys grow up without male role models because their fathers are working all the time. Psychologists also cite Japans “
9、culture of shame,“ which makes people fear how theyre perceived if they have a problem fitting in. Japans wealth makes it possible for people to cut themselves off from society. Young adults live at home much longer than they do in the United States, traditionally until marriage. Teens and adults wh
10、o drop out of school or leave work are simply supported by their parents.“When I was young, there was no question that you would have to go to work,“ said Abe, 61, who asked that her son, who refused to talk to a visitor, not be named. “ Now, families have enough money so that the children dont need
11、 to find jobs right away. “ In an attempt to get their son to communicate with them, Abe and her husband have decided that from now on, they are not going to slip an envelope under his door with his 400 monthly allowance. Shut-ins70 to 80 percent of whom are menoften sleep much of the day and are up
12、 all night, watching television, using the Internet and popping out to the 24-hour convenience stores that are located in most neighborhoods and sell all kinds of microwaveable packaged meals. Japans convenience store culture caters to the solitary lifeproviding everything for the person eating alon
13、e, living alone.“In Japan, its easy for anybody to live with walls around themselves,“ said Seiei Muto of the Tokyo Mental Health Academy. “And with the number of children declining, you play alone, eat alone, study alone. “Muto and other mental health workers talk about the decline of communication
14、 skills, the increasing anonymity(匿名 )of urban Japan and the collapse of a cooperative society. “If a child is walking down the street, it would be rare for someone to ask the child, Where are you going? “ Muto said. Others say the problem has deep historical and cultural roots. “Japan is a rich cou
15、ntry, but we have no identity, no confidence, no ability to communicate with others,“ said Tadashi Yamazoe, a professor of clinical psychology at Kyoto Gakuen University. “Japanese have a passive personality. “ But most people say it is a modern phenomenon, evidence of a great generation gap between
16、 those who built Japans postwar economic success, and their children, who cannot expect lifetime employment in todays weak economy and say they do not want it anyway.“In Japan there has been only one path, and today an increasing number of people are not on it,“said Noki Futagami, who began the nonp
17、rofit New Start Foundation to work with shut-ins. “Its easy to say that academic background is not everything. But the parents cannot suggest another path because they dont know one. “ The existence of large numbers of shut-ins in many ways encapsulates(封装)the social problems of modern Japan and the
18、 wrenching(扭曲的) period it is now going through. The Japanese word for the phenomenonhikikomoritranslates as withdrawal, and it is becoming increasingly familiar. It is the subject of television documentaries and newspaper and magazine articles.Many adult shut-ins start as school dropouts. For a coun
19、try obsessed with education, there is a surprisingly high number of dropouts. A record 134,000 elementary and junior high students were absent from school for at least 30 straight days during the 200001 school year, more than twice the number 10 years ago.Abe said her sons school years were normal,
20、but in high school he failed the university entrance exam. That is not unusual; most who fail study for another year and try again. Abes son said he was going to study on his own instead of enrolling in a cram school, and that began his withdrawal(退缩).The family has tried to keep the problem hidden,
21、 not even talking about it to relatives, much less neighbors.But Futagami said this means the family is shutting itself in as well, making the problem worse. “There are things parents can and cannot do,“ he said. “They should be more open and get help from others, nurture social ties. I regard this
22、as an illness stemming from society. Nobody helps these people, so they accumulate. “ In a few recent cases, socially withdrawn young men have committed shocking crimes, including a 27-year-old who kidnapped a 9-year-old girl in 1990 and kept her in his room for nine years. His mother, who lived dow
23、nstairs, was never permitted to enter his room.“In America, the childs room belongs to the parents and is seen as being rented out to the kid,“ noted one of the actors appearing in a new play on shut-ins. “The child can be displaced for guests. “ This is a remarkable concept in Japan, where the norm
24、 is that teens or young adults can forbid their parents from entering their rooms.（分数：70.00）(1).Why has Akiko Abe barely seen her 25-year-old son in six years?A. They do not live in the same place.B. The son returned to home very late.C. The son leaves his room only when hes sure his parents are out
25、 or asleep.D. The parents are very indifferent to their son.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In order to help his son get out of the isolation, what did this mother do finally?A. She has waited patiently until her son opened the door.B. She stood out of the door and talked with her son.C. She looked for the hel
26、p from neighborhood.D. She finally consulted an organization that works with shut-ins by making home visits.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What are the characteristics of the shut-ins?A. They cloistered in their rooms or refused to work.B. They avoid all social contact for periods at least six months.C. They
27、shut themselves up at home for six months or more without showing any other signs of neurological or psychiatric disorder.D. All of the above.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).About the reasons why Japan has the biggest problem of shut-ins in the world, which one is not true?A. A declining birth rate.B. They did
28、 not get enough care from their families.C. There are more families with only one son on whom they place all their hopes in this patrilineal society.D. Boys grow up without male role models.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Now, families have enough money so thatA. he children dont need to find jobs right awayB.
29、 they are not going to slip an envelope under his door with his 400 monthly allowanceC. they sleep much of the day and are up all nightD. they can live alone（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What are Mutos opinions towards the decline of communication skills in Japan?A. Japan is a rich country, but we have no id
30、entity, no confidence, no ability to communicate with others.B. Japanese have a passive personality.C. It is a modern phenomenon.D. Few people really care about the young in the society.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(7).What is the attitude of Futagami towards “the family has tried to keep the problem of shut-in
31、s hidden“?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Neutral.D. Indifferent.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(8).The parents cannot suggest another path because _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).For a country obsessed with education, there is _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).In America, the childs room belongs to the parents and is seen as _.（分数：7.00）填
32、空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)(1).A. The man wants to go to Los Angeles.B. The man wants to go to San Francisco.C. There are no flights to Los Angeles for the rest of the day.D. There are two direct flights to Los Angeles within the next two hours.（分数：7.00）A.B.
33、C.D.(2).A. He enjoys writing home every week.B. He never fails to write a weekly letter home.C. He doesnt write home once a week now.D. He has been asked to write home every week.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. She has got an appointment.B. She doesnt want to.C. She has to work.D. She wants to eat in a new
34、restaurant.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. The teacher postpone the meeting.B. There wont be a test this afternoon.C. The students will be attending the meeting.D. The students will take an English test this afternoon.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. On the whole, she liked the film.B. She didnt see the film.C. The
35、film was very exciting.D. The film wasnt as good as shed expected.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(1).A. Her sons health.B. Her sons studies.C. Her sons poor grades.D. Her sons competence for the job.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. The shops are not crowded in December.B. Many people go shopping despite the cold weather i
36、n December.C. People dont like to do shopping in busy shops in winter.D. In December people stay at home because of the cold weather.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. The exam questions were too difficult.B. The questions had little connection with the course.C. He couldnt finish the questions within the time
37、 allowed.D. He found the questions confusing.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. A novel about a president.B. A political science book.C. A listing of election results.D. A text for one of his courses.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. To the m
38、anagers office.B. To the paperback section.C. To the textbook area.D. To the publishers indexes.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Only those used in the university.B. Only those printed at the university.C. Only those currently available from publishers.D. Only those in the field of political science.（分数：7.00
39、）A.B.C.D.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. The woman is helping the man study for his class.B. They are visiting a factory Kahn designed.C. The woman is deciding whether to take history of architecture.D. The woman is researching Kahns work.（分数：7.0
40、0）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Inventing the assembly line.B. Building modern factories.C. Designing early automobiles.D. Reviving classical architecture.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Steel manufacturing.B. Coal mining.C. Textiles.D. Transportation.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. There were fire dangers.B. They were too spread
41、 out.C. They were designed for efficiency rather than for beauty.D. They were difficult to heat.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. The degree of violence in programs is too high.B. There shouldnt be any commerc
42、ials on television.C. Watching too much television is undesirable for children.D. Television programs in the United States are of low quality.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. A recreational program.B. An educational program.C. A program for cartoons.D. A program for commercials.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. They w
43、ill become inactive and dull.B. They will not go to cinemas as often.C. They will forget to do their homework.D. They will imitate what they see in the programs.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）(1).A. Different kinds of crimes.B. Increasingly
44、 high crime rate in the U.S.C. Seasonal changes in the natural environment.D. The relations between changes in the season and crime patterns.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. February.B. May.C. July.D. August.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. Few people get married in June.B. Most people read serious books in summer.C.
45、 More people have mental problems in June than in other months.D. One is most likely to make the best performance on examinations in summer.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）(1).A. It is harmful to the body only.B. It is good to personal relat
46、ionship.C. It is harmful to the body and mind.D. It is a good change after idling for a long time.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Personal relationships should come after ones job.B. People should care more about their personal relationships and relaxation.C. When a job is very important, relaxation should
47、be forgotten.D. Personal relationships can help people do their jobs well.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. He should relax and have a chat with friends while working.B. He should not relax until he finishes his work.C. He should play hard to fully relax himself.D. He should shift some of his work to his coll
48、eagues.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. Work and play are different activities.B. Work and play should be combined together.C. People should play more and work less.D. People should work more and play less.（分数：7.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)It is difficult to live without a car in (36) America. Citi
49、es and towns are built around the automobile. This is a design focus that must be (37) in the future. Future communities must be (38) not around vehicle traffic, but around foot traffic.A common (39) against cars is that they pollute the environment and thus, are undesirable. While this is true, the automobile must be (40) from urban planning not only due to pollution but also because of
